Response of Seed Yield and Its Components of Bread Wheat to Different Level of Combination Chemical and Biological Fertilizer and Several Type of Application Fertilizer
الموضوعات :
Zhaleh Ahmadi
1
(MSc. Graduated, Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Nutrition, harvest index, <i>Crop production, Seed weight</i>, Microbacterium,
ملخص المقالة :
BACKGROUND: Application of bio-fertilizers, especially the plant growth promoting bacteria, is most important strategy for the integrated management of the plant nutrition in the sustainable agriculture system with sufficient input. OBJECTIVES: Current study was conducted to investigation the effect of different rate of combination fertilizer and biological fertilizer and type of application biofertilizer on crop production of Wheat. METHODS: This research was carried out via factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications along 2020-2021 year. The treatments included different rate of combination Nitrogen fertilizer and Biofertilizer (Fla Wheat) (a1: 100% nitrogen with nonuse of Fla Wheat as control or N100/F0, a2: 70% Nitrogen with Fla Wheat or N70/F1, a3: 40% Nitrogen with Fla Wheat or N40/F1) and several methods of applying biofertilizer (Fla Wheat) (b1: 100% Seed treatment, b2: 100% by irrigation, b3: 50% seed treatment with 50% by irrigation). RESULT: According result of analysis of variance effect of different level of fertilizer combination, method of application fertilizer (instead number of spikelet per spike) and interaction effect of treatments (instead number of spike per m2 and number of spikelet per spike) on all measured traits was significant. Mean comparison result of different level of fertilizer combination showed that maximum amount of seed yield (7032.1 kg.ha-1), biologic yield (15315 kg.ha-1), Harvest index (45.89%) number of spike per m2 (384.84), number of spikelet per spike, number of seed per spikelet (18.02), number of seed per spike (2.23) and 1000-seed weight (40.26 gr) was noted for N100/F0 and minimum of those belonged to N40/F2 treatment. As for Duncan classification made with respect to different level of Method of application fertilizer the highest and lowest amount of measured traits was for M3 and M2 treatment. CONCLUSION: Generally result of this study revealed to save energy and produce economic yield application 70% Nitrogen with biofertilizer (Fla Wheat) at 50% seed treatment with 50% by irrigation recommended.
Ahmad, A. G., S. Orabi. and A. Gaballah. 2010. Effect of Bio-N-P Fertilizer on the growth, yield and some biochemical component of two Sunflower cultivars. Intl. J. Academic Res. 4(2): 271-277.
Almodares, A., M. Jafarinia. and M. R. Hadi. 2009. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on chemical compositions in corn and sweet Sorghum. American-Eurasian J. Agri. Environ. Sci. 6(4): 441-446.
Asghari, E., K. Razmjoo. and M. Mazaheri Tehrani. 2006. Effect of nitrogen rates on yield and yield components and grain protein of grain sorghum. J. Agric. Sci. Natur. Resour. 13(1): 49-57.
Azimi, S. M., A. Farnia, M. Shaban. and M. Lak. 2013. Effect of different biofertilizers on Seed yield of barley (Hurdeom vulgar L.), Bahman cultivar. Intl. J. Adv. Biol. Biomedical Res. 1(5): 538-546.
Bahamin, S., M. Sohrab, A. B. Mohammad, K. T. Behroz. and A. Qorbanali. 2014. Effect of bio-fertilizer, manure and chemical fertilizer on yield and reproductive characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Intl. J. Res. Agric. Environ. Sci. 3(1): 36-43.
Dastmozd, Gh. R., H. R. Ebrahimi. and B. Jafari Haghighi. 2015. Combined application of vermicompost and NPK fertilizers on Wheat production in Marvdasht. Res. J. Fish. Hydrobiol. 10(10): 153-156.
Delogu, G., L. Cattivelli, N. Pecchioni, D. De Flacis, T. Maggiore. and A. M. Stanca. 1998. Uptake and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen in winter barley and winter wheat. Eur. J. Agron. 9: 11-20.
Elanwar, H., O. Sheekh, A. Naggar. and F. Saly. 2010. Effect of two species of cyano bacteria as bio fertilizers on some metabolic activities, growth, and yield of pea plant. Biol. Fertil Soil. 46: 861–875.
Ehdaie, B. and D. G. Waines. 2001. Sowing date and nitrogen rate effects on dry matter and nitrogen partitioning in bread and durum wheat. Field Crops Res. J. 73(1): 7-61.
Eidy-Zadeh, Kh., A. Damghani Mahdavi, F. Ebrahimpur. and H. Sabahi. 2012. Effects of amount and method organic fertilizers combined with the chemical fertilizer application on yield and yield components of corn. Electronic J. Crop Prod. 5(3): 35-21.
Eydizadeh, Kh., A. Mahdavi Damghani, H. Sabahi. and S. Soufizadeh. 2010. Effects of Integrated application of biofertiliser and chemical fertilizer on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) in Shushtar. Agroecology. J. 2(2): 292-301. (Abstract in English)
Fowler, D. B. 2003. Crop nitrogen demand and grain protein concentration of spring and winter wheat. Agron. J. 95: 260-265.
Gardner, F., R. Pearce. and R. L. Mitchell. 1985. Physiology of crop plants. Iowa State Univ. Press. Ames.
Hojattipor, E., B. Jafari. and M. Dorostkar. 2014. The effect of integration of biological and chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components and growth indexes of wheat. J. Plant Echophysiol. 5(15): 36-48. (Abstract in English)
Hosseini, R., S. Galeshi, A. Soltani, M. Kalateh. and M. Zahed. 2013. The effect of nitrogen rate on nitrogen use efficiency index in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Iranian J. Field Crops Res. 11(2): 300-306. (Abstract in English)
Kumar, A., B. Singh. and J. Sing. 2001. Response of macanip heat (T. durum) nitrogen. Phosphorus and sodic water on loamy-sand of southwest hiragana. Indian J. 46(1): 118-121.
Mahfouz, S. A. and M. A. Sharaf-Eldin. 2007. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Intl. Agro-Physics. 21: 361-366.
Mohajeri, F. and H. Ghadiri. 2003. Competition of different densities of wild mustard (Brassica kaber L.) with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application. Iranian J. Agri. Sci. 34: 527-537. (Abstract in English)
Moosavi, S. Gh., M. J. Seghatoleslami. and R. Arefi. 2013. Effect of N fertilization and plant density on yield and yield components of grain sorghum under climatic conditions of Sistan, Iran. J. Sci. Agri. 3 (1): 1-8. PSCI Publ.
Mosanaei, H., H. Ajamnorozi, M. R. Dadashi, A. Faraji. and M. Pessarakli. 2017. Improvement effect of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed deterioration and yield. Emir. J. Food Agric. 29(11): 899-910. In: Nourmohammadi, Gh., A. Siadat. and A. Kashani. 2010. Cereal Crops. Ninth Printing. Chamran University Press. Ahvaz. Iran. p. 48.
Sadeghi, H. and A. R. Kazemeini. 2011. Effect of crop residue management and nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield and yield components of two barley cultivars under dry land conditions. Iran. J. Crop Sci. 13(3): 436-451.
Saghir Khan, M., A. Zaidi. and A. Parvaze Wani. 2007. Role of phosphate-solubilizing micro organisms in sustainable agriculture, A review. Agron. Sustainable Development. Springer Verlag. Sci. 27(1): 29-43.
Sahoo, R. K., D. Bhardwaj. and N. Tuteja. 2013. Bio-fertilizers: A Sustainable eco-friendly agricultural approach to crop improvement. In: Plant Acclimation to Environmental Stress. 403-432.
Shabankareh, M. G., H. Amanipoor, S. Battaleb-Looie. and J. D. Khatooni. 2018. Statistical modeling the effect of sediment physicochemical properties on the concentration of heavy metal (Case study: Musa Creek, SW Iran). J. Environmental Earth Sci. 77: 10-18.
Shanggan, Z. P., A. Shao. and J. Dychmans. 2000. Nitrogen nutrition and water stress effects on leaf photosynthetic gas exchange and water use efficiency in winter wheat. Environ. Exp. Bot. 44: 141-149.
Sudhakar, P., G. N. Chattopadhyay, S. K. Gangwar. and J. K. Ghosh. 2000. Effect of foliar application of Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Beijerinckia on leaf yield and quality of mulberry (Morus alba). J. Agric. Sci. 134: 227–234.
Venkatash-Warlu, B. 2008. Role of bio-fertilizers in organic farming: Organic farming in rain fed agriculture: Central institute for dry land agriculture. Hyderabad. Pakistan. pp: 85-95.
Vessey, J. K. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as bio-fertilizers. J. Plant Soil. 255: 571-586.
Ugarte, C., D. F. Calderini. and G. A. Slafer. 2007. Seed weight and seed number responsiveness to pre-anthesis temperature in wheat, barley and triticale. Field Crops Res. 100: 240-248.
