First report of the SardinellaSardinites (Heckel, 1850) in the Kond formation in the Saran area, Central Alborz in Iran

الموضوعات :

Saeedeh Senemari ¹ ( Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran )
Leila Fazli ² ( Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Damavand Branch Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Tehran, Iran. )
Alireza Chegini ³ ( National Iranian Oil Company, Tehran. Iran. )

تاريخ الإرسال : 27 الإثنين , رجب, 1443 تاريخ التأكيد : 28 الجمعة , محرم, 1444 تاريخ الإصدار : 16 الأحد , ربيع الأول, 1445

الکلمات المفتاحية: Eocene, Tethys, Fish-bearing horizon, Kond Formation, Alborz,

ملخص المقالة :

Investigating the fossil-bearing horizons of the Kond Formation in the Saran area resulted in the identification of Sardinellasardinites (Heckel 1850) belonging to the family of Clupeidae Bonaparte (1831) for the first time the east of Tehran province. Furthermore, biostratigraphic analyses based on the presence of benthic and planktonic foraminifera in this area demonstrate that the sedimentary sequence including strata of conglomerate, tuff, shale, gypsum, limestone, and marl with a thickness of 376 m in the Saran area belongs to the Priabonian, which is discontinuously located on Middle Eocene green tuffaceousshales. In the present study, 18 species belonging to 9 genera from the benthic foraminifera were identified. In the late Middle Eocene, the performance of the orogenic Pyrenean phase led to the rising of the sedimentary strata and subsequent retreat of the sea and then the sea re-advanced during the Priabonian stage. The presence of a conglomerate at the base of the formation reveals the next activity of the tectonic phase. In this study, the rock unit of the Lower Red Formation belonging to the Oligo-Miocene is located on the deposits of the Kond Formation.

المصادر:

1. Adent S, Hosseinzadeh R, Antunes MT, Balbino AC, Kozlov VA, Cappetta H (2009) Review of the enigmatic Eocene shark genus Xiphodolamia (Chondrichthyes, Lamniformes) and description of a new species recovered from Angola, Iran and Jordan. Journal of African Earth Sciences 55: 197–204.


2. Afsari S, Yazdi M, Bahrami A, Carnevale G (2014) A new deep-sea Hatchetfish (Teleostei: Stomiiformes: Sternoptychidae) from the Eocene of Ilam, Zagros Basin, Iran. Bollettinodella Societa Paleontologica Italiana  53(1): 27–37.


3. Aghanabati‌ SA (2006) Geology of Iran. Geological Survey of Iran press, Tehran, 586 p (in Persian).


4. Allah Madadi SH, Partoazar H (2005) Study of biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy of Kond Formation in Kond and Saran area. Twenty-first meeting of Earth Sciences. Geological Survey of Iran (in Persian).


5. Arambourg C (1967) Les poisons Oligocenes de e Iran, in, Resultatsscientifiques de la Mission C, Arambourg en Syrieet en Iran. Museum National d HistorieNaturelle, Parise, Extract from Notes et Memories sur le Moyen-Orient (1938–39).


6. BahramiSamani P, Aryaee A (2002) Study and investigation of fossil fishes of Pabde Formation in Babahaydar (Kurd Shahr District). The 7th conference of the Geological Society of Iran.


7. Borna N, HosseiniBarzi M, Sadeghi A (2013) Tectonic origin of the sandstone section of the Kond Formation in the sampled section (the upper part of Kond), Central Alborz. Iranian Geological Society Conference. ShahidBeheshti University, Tehran, Iran (in Persian).


8. Cailliet GML, Ebeling MS, Cailliet AWGM, Love MS, Ebeling AW (1986) Fishes, a field and laboratory manual on their structure, identification, and natural history. ICES Journal of Marine Science 38: 286–292.


9. Darvishzadeh A (2003) Geology of Iran. 5th Edition, Amirkabir Publication, Tehran, 901 p (in Persian).


10. Di Dário F (2009) Chirocentrids as engrauloids: Evidence from suspensorium, branchial arches, and infraorbital bones (ClupeomorphaTeleostei). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156: 363–383.


11. Eschmeyer WN (2013) Catalog of fishes, California Academy of Sciences.


12. Fadaeifard F, Raissy M, Faghani M, Majlesi A, Farahani GN (2012) Evaluation of physicochemical parameters of waste water from rainbow trout fish farms and their impacts on water quality of Koohrang stream – Iran. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture 4(8): 170–177.


13. Ghasemi-Nejad A, Hosseinzadeh‌ R (2001) Paleo-ecology and the study of the relationship between changes in fish size and their diet in the Stratigraphic horizons of the Pabdeh Formation (Eocene) in Ilam. 11th conference of Geological Society of Iran, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran (in Persian).


14. GhasemShirazi B, Bakhshandeh L, Yazdi A (2014-a) Biozonation and Paleobathymetry on Foraminifera Upper Cretaceous Deposites of Central Iran Basins (Isfahan, Baharestan Section), Open Journal of Geology 4 (8): ):343-353


15. GhasemShirazi B, Bakhshandeh L, Yazdi A (2014-b) Paleoecology of Upper Cretaceous Sediments in Central Iran, Kerman (Bondar- e Bido Section) Based on Ostracods. Marine Science 4 (2): 49-57


16. Grande L (1985) Recent and fossil clupeomorph fishes with materials for revision of the subgroups of clupeoids. Bulletin of the AMNH, 181, Article 2.


17. Haghipour A, BrantsA (1971) Eocene fish remains from the Pabdeh Formation, North of Ilam. Geological Survey of Iran (Report No. 19).


18. James GA, Wynd JG (1965) Stratigraphic Nomenclature of Iranian Oil Consortium Agreement Area. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 49(12): 2182–2245.


19. Jehangir Khan M, Ghazi S, Mehmood M, Yazdi A, Naseem AA, Serwar U, Zaheer A, Ullah H (2021) Sedimentological and provenance analysis of the Cretaceous Moro formation Rakhi Gorge, Eastern Sulaiman Range, Pakistan, Iranian Journal of Earth Sciences 13 (4), 252-266.


20. Lavoué S, Miya M, Saitoh K, Ishiguro NB, Nishida M (2007) Phylogenetic relationships among anchovies, sardines, herrings and their relatives (Clupeiformes), inferred from whole mitogenome sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43: 1096–1105.


21. MasuodSoheilfarid E, Sadeghi H, Rahimi Q (2014) Assessment of effects of water quality of physicochemical parameters of waste water from rainbow trout fish farms Koohrang stream– Iran. Environmental Science.


22. Motiei H (2003) Geology of Iran (Stratigraphy of Zagros). Geological Survey or Iran press, Report No. 84.


23. Nelson JS (1994) Fishes of the World (3rd ed.), John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York.


24. Nelson JS, Grande TC, Wilson MVH (2016) Fishes of the World. 5th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken.


25. Nuddes JR, Selden PA (2008) Fossil Ecosystems of North America, A guide to the sites and their extraordinary Biotas. Mason Publishing, USA.


26. Paknejad S, Heidari A, Mousavi-Sabet H (2014) Morphological variation of shad fish Alosabrashnicowi (Teleostei, Clupeidae) populations along the southern Caspian Sea coasts, using a truss system. International Journal of Aquatic Biology 2: 330–336.


27. Premoli Silva I, Rettori R, Verga D (2003) Practical manual of Paleocene and Eocene planktonic foraminifera. TipografiaPontefelcino publishers, Perugia.


28. Romano C, Kogan I, Jenks J, Jerjen I, Brinkmann W (2012) Saurichthys and other fossil fishes from the late Smithian (Early Triassic) of Bear Lake County (Idaho, USA), with a discussion of saurichthyidpalaeogeography and evolution. Bulletin of Geosciences 87: 543‌–570.


29. Walker C, Ward D (1992) Fossils the visual guide to over 500 fossil genera from around the World. Australia, Collins and Angus Robertson publishers.