شارک

عنوان URL للمقالة


رقم المقالة : IJES-2104-1601 (R1) زيارة : 278 الصفحة: 40 - 57

10.30495/ijes.2022.1929200.1601

نوع المخطوط: ابحاث

Petrology and tectono-magmatic environment of the volcanic rocks of West Torud – Iran

الموضوعات :

Abdollah Yazdi 1 , Elham Shahhosseini 2 , Farhad Moharami 3

1 - Department of Geology, Kahnooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kahnooj, Iran
2 - Department of Geology, North Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran
3 - Department of Geology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

تاريخ الإرسال : 29 الثلاثاء , رمضان, 1442 تاريخ التأكيد : 26 الأحد , صفر, 1443 تاريخ الإصدار : 26 الأحد , صفر, 1443

الکلمات المفتاحية: Torud, Petrology, Eocene, Geochemistry, Back-arc, Volcanic rocks,

ملخص المقالة :

Middle-Upper Eocene volcanic and volcano-sedimentary rocks of the Torud region have been formed by the sequences of basic-intermediate lavas, pyroclastic rocks, and sedimentary layers (e.g., siltstone, sandstone, and nummulite-bearing limestone) within a shallow marine basin. According to microscopic studies, the volcanic rocks of the region include basalt, basaltic andesite, trachyandesite, andesite, and dacite. These rocks have originated from the differential crystallization processes and occasionally calc-alkaline contamination geochemical properties. Generally, they contain olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase ± amphibole minerals. Porphyritic to megaporphyritic textures with microlithic and flow matrixes are observed in these rocks. Studying the main and rare elements of these rocks indicates that reducing MgO content is accompanied by an increase in Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, and SiO2 and a decrease in Fe2O3 and CaO concentrations. These rocks are mainly enriched in LIL and LREE elements but depleted of HFS elements. The prominent features of these rocks are the presence of positive anomalies in the K, Sr, Rb, and Ba elements, the depletion of some samples of Nb and Ta, and their depletion of Ti and P. This result reveals the crustal contamination of the mantle mafic magma constructing these rocks. According to the geochemical data, magmatic pollution has not been an effective process in the formation of these rocks. In addition, the relatively higher levels of Cr, Ni, and MgO in the alkali basalts of the region indicate that these rocks are originated from partial melting (5 to 10%) of a spinel-garnet peridotite. Overall, they have no subduction-dependent rock characteristics and mainly represent characteristics of alkali basaltic magmas of the preliminary back-arc basin (BAB). These features, attributed to their calc-alkaline nature, represent the formation of these rocks in a tectonic back-arc setting in the Middle-Upper Eocene.

المصادر:


  1. Abu-Hamatteh ZSH (2005) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of mafic magmatic rocks of the Jharol Belt, India: geodynamic implication. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 25: 557–581.
    2.
  2. Aghanabati A (2004) Geology of Iran, Publications of the Geological Survey of Iran. p. 400-586.
    3.
  3. Aldanmaz E, Pearce JA, Thirlwall MF, Mitchell JG (2000) Petrogenetic evolution of late Cenozoic, post-collision volcanism in western Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 102(1-2):67-95.
    4.
  4. Beccaluva L, Bianchini G, Bonadiman C, Siena F, Vaccar OC (2004) Coexisting anorogenic and subduction-related metasomatism in mantle xenoliths from the Betic Cordillera (southern Spain), Lithos 75: 67–87.
    5.
  5. Berberian F, Berberian M (1981). Tectono-plutonic episodes in Iran. In: Gupta HK, Delany FM, editors. Zagros, Hindu Kush, Himalaya, Geodynamic Evolution. Geodynamic Series 3, Working Group 6. Washington, DC, USA: AGU, pp. 5–32.
    6.
  6. Berberian M, king GCP (1981) Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran Canadian Journal of Earth Science 18:210-265.
    7.
  7. Bin Z, Meiyin D (2010) Geological setting of Garmsar block, Iran. International Conference on Challenges in Environmental Science and Computer Engineering 2:433-437
    8.
  8. Bird P (1979) Continental delamination and the Colorado Plateau, Journal of Geophysical Research 84: 7561–7571.
    9.
  9. Blundy J, Cashman K (2005) Rapid decompression-driven crystallization recorded by melt inclusions from Mount St, Helens Volcano. Geology 33 (10): 793-796.
    10.
  10. Coban H (2007) Basalt magma genesis and fractionation in collision-and extension related provinces: A comparison between eastern, central and western Anatolia. Earth Science Reviews 80: 219 – 238.
    11.
  11. Davoudzadeh M (1997) Iran. In: Moores EM, Fairbridge, RW, Eds, Encyclopedia of European and Asian Regional Geology, Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, Chapman and Hall, London.
    12.
  12. Einsele G (2000) Sedimentary Basins. Evolution, Facies and Sediment Budget. Second edition. Springer-Verlag. Berlin. 792 p.
    13.
  13. Elliott T, Planck T, Zindler A, White W, Bourdon B (1997) Element transport from slab to volcanic front at the Mariana arc, Journal of Geophysical Research 102:14991-15019.
    14.
  14. Eshraghi PS, AS (2006) Report on the Geological Map 1:100000 Moaleman.
    15.
  15. Floyd PA, Kelling G, Gocken SL, Gocken N (1991) Geochemistry and tectonic environment of basaltic rocks from the Miss ophiolitic melange, south Turkey, Chemical Geology 89: 263-280.
    16.
  16. Foden J, HwanSong S, Turner S,  Elburga M,  Smitha BPB, Steldtad V, Penglisa V (2002) Geochemical evolution of lithospheric mantle beneath S.E. South Australia,  Jouran of Chemical Geology 182: 663-695.
    17.
  17. Forsyth D, Uyeda S (1975) On the relative importance of the driving forces of plate motion, Geophysical Journal International 43: 163–200.
    18.
  18. Furman T, Graham D (1999) Erosion of lithospheric mantle beneath the East African Rift system: geochemical evidence from the Kivu volcanic province. Lithos 48: 237–262.
    19.
  19. Ghaffari M, Rashidnejad-Omran N, Dabiri R, Chen B, Santos JF. (2013) Mafic–intermediate plutonic rocks of the Salmas area, northwestern Iran: their source and petrogenesis significance. International Geology Review 55(16):2016-29.
    20.
  20. Ghaffari M, Rashidnejad-Omran N, Dabiri R, Santos JF, Mata J, Buchs D, McDonald I, Appel P, Garbe-Schönberg D. (2015) Interaction between felsic and mafic magmas in the Salmas intrusive complex, Northwestern Iran: Constraints from petrography and geochemistry. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 111:440-58.
    21.
  21. Gile HA, Boni M, Balssone G, Allen CR, Banks D, Moore F (2006) Marble-hosted sulfide ores in the Angouran Zn–(Pb–Ag) deposit, NW Iran: interaction of sedimentary brines with a metamorphic core complex. Mineralium Deposita 41: 1-16.
    22.
  22. Ginibre C, Kronz A, Wörner G (2002) High-resolution quantitative imaging of plagioclase composition using accumulated backscattered electron images: new constraints on oscillatory zoning, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 142: 436-448.
    23.
  23. Goss AR, Kay SM (2009) Extreme high field strength element (HFSE) depletion and near-chondritic Nb/Ta ratios in Central Andean adakite-like lavas (~ 28° S,~ 68° W) Earth and Planetary Science Letters 279 (1): 97-109.
    24.
  24. Green DH (1973) Experimental mantle studies on a model upper mantle composition under water-saturated and water-unsaturated conditions, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 19: 37-53.
    25.
  25. Green L. Nathan (2006) Influence of slab thermal structure on basalt source regions and melting conditions: REE and HFSE constraints from the Garibaldi volcanic belt, northern Cascadia subduction system, Lithos 87: 23-49.
    26.
  26. Green TH, Ringwood AE (1986) Genesis of the calc-alkaline igneous rock suite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 18:105-162.
    27.
  27. Guo Z, Hertogen J, Liu J, Pasteels P, Boven A, Punzalan L, He H, Luo X, Zhang W (2005) Potassic magmatism in Western Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, SE Tibet, China: petrological and geochemical constraints on petrogenesis, Journal of Petrology 46: 33-78.
    28.
  28. Hastie AR, Kerr AC, Pearce JA, Mitchell SF (2007) Classification of AlteredVolcanic Island Arc Rocks using ImmobileTrace Elements: Development of theTh-Co Discrimination Diagram, Journal of Petrology 48:2341-2357.
    29.
  29. Hawkesworth C, Turner S, Peate D, McDermott F, van Calsteren P (1997a) Elemental U and Th variations in island arc rocks: implications for Useries isotopes. Chemical Geology 139: 207-221.
    30.
  30. Hawkesworth CJ, Gallagher K, Hergt JM, McDermott F (1993) Mantle and slab contributions in arc magmas, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 21: 175-204.
    31.
  31. Hawkesworth CJ, Turner SP, McDermott F, Peate DW, van Calsteren P (1997,c) U-Th isotopes in arc magmas: implications for element transfer from the subducted crust, Science 276: 551-555.
    32.
  32. He Q, Xiaoa L, Baltab B, Gao R, Chen J (2010) Variety and complexity of the Late-Permian Emeishan basalts: Reappraisal of plume-lithosphere interaction processes, Lithos 119: 91-107.
    33.
  33. Heuret A, Lallemand S (2005) Plate motions, slab dynamics and back-arc deformation, Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors 149: 31-51.
    34.
  34. Hirschmann MM, Asimow PD, Ghiorso MS, Stolper EM (1999) Calculation of Peridotite Partial Melting from Thermodynamic Models of Minerals and Melts. III. Controls on Isobaric Melt Production and the Effect of Water on Melt Production, Journal of Petrology 40: 831-851.
    35.
  35. Mollai H, Dabiri R, Torshizian, Habib Allah, Pe-piper G, Wang WE. (2021) Upper Neoproterozoic garnet-bearing granites in the Zeber-Kuh region from east central Iran micro plate: Implications for the magmatic evolution in the northern margin of Gondwanaland. Geologica Carpathica 72(6):461-81.
    36.
  36. Hooshmandzadeh AS, Alavi M, Haghipor AS (1357) geological evolution of the phenomenon TORUD (from the Precambrian to the present Covenant), published by the Geological Survey, 138 p.
    37.
  37. Humphreys MCS, Blundy JD, Sparks SJ (2006) Magma evolution and opensystem processes at shiveluch volcano: insights from phenocryst zoning, Journal of Petrology 47 (12): 2303-2334.
    38.
  38. Ionov DA, Griffin WI, o’reilly SY (1997) Volatile-bearing minerals and lithophile trace elements in the upper mantle, Chemical Geology 141: 153-184.
    39.
  39. Irvine TN, Baragar WRA (1971) A guide to chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 8: 523-548.
    40.
  40. Jahn BM, Wu F, Lo CH, Tsa ICH (1999) Crust–mantle interaction induced by deep subduction of the continental crust: geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic evidence from post-collisional mafic–ultramafic intrusions of the northern Dabie Complex, central China. Chemical Geology 157: 119-146.
    41.
  41. Jarrard RD (1986) Relations among subduction parameters, Reviews of Geophysics 24(2):217-284.
    42.
  42. Jung D, Keller J, Khorasani R, Marcks C, Baumann A, Horn P (1984) Petrology of the Tertiary magmatic activity in the northern Lut area, east Iran, Neues Jahrb, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, Band 160: 417-467.
    43.
  43. Kasmin VG, Tikhonova NF (2008) Cretaceous–Paleogene Back-Arc Basins in the Iran–Afghanistan–Pamirs Segment of the Eurasian Active Margin. Doklady Earth Sciences 422(7):1018-1020.
    44.
  44. Keray P, Vine FJ (1996) Global Tectonics. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
    45.
  45. Kovalenko VI, Naumov VB, Girnis AV, Dorofeeva VA, Yarmolyuk VV (2010( verage Composition of Basic Magmas and Mantle Sources of Island Arcs and Active Continental Margins Estimated from the Data on Melt Inclusions and Quenched Glasses of Rock, Journal of Petrology 18:1-26.
    46.
  46. Kurt MA, Alpaslan MC, Göncüoĝlu MC, Temel A (2008) Geochemistry of late stage medium to high-K calcalkaline and shoshonitic dykes in the Ulukişla Basin (Central Anatolia, Turkey): petrogenesis and tectonic setting, Geochemistry International 46:1145–1163.
    47.
  47. Le Roex AP, Dick HJB, Erlank AJ, Reid AM, Frey FA, Hart SR (1983) Geochemistry, mineralogy and petrogenesis of lavas erupted along the south west Indian ridge between the Bouvet triple junction and 11 degrees east, Journal of Petrology 24: 267-318.
    48.
  48. LeBas MJ, LeMaitre RW, Streckeisen A, Zanettin B (1986) A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram, Journal of Petrology 27:745-750
    49.
  49. Lonergan L, White N (1997) Origin of the Betic-Rir mountion belt, Tectonic 16(3):504-522,
    50.
  50. Mckenzie DP, ONiins RK (1995) The source regions of ocean island basalts, Journal of Petrology 36: 133-159.
    51.
  51. Meng L, Li Zh, Chen H, Li X, Wang X (2012) Geochronological and geochemical results from Mesozoic basalts in southern South China Block support thefl at-slab subduction model.  Lithos 132-133: 127-140.
    52.
  52. Middelmost EAK (1994) Naming materials in the magma / igneous rock system .Longman Groun u. k., 73-86.
    53.
  53. Morrison GW (1980) Characteristics and tectonic setting of the shoshonite rock association. Lithos 13: 97–108.
    54.
  54. Müller D, Groves DI (1997) Potassic Igneous Rocks and Associated Gold–Copper Mineralization. 3rd edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1–238.
    55.
  55. Nakamura N (1974) Determination of REE, Ba, Fe, Mg, Na and K in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 38:757-775.
    56.
  56. Nelson ST, Montana A (1992) sieve – textured plagioclase in volcanic rocks prodused by rapid decompression. American Mineralogist 77: 1242-1249.
    57.
  57. Niu Y (2014) Geological understanding of plate tectonics: Basic concepts, illustrations, examples and new perspectives.
    58.
  58. Niu Y, Bidaeu D, He`kinian R, Batiza R (2001) Mantle compositional control on the extent of mantle melting, crust production,gravity anomaly, ridge morphology, and ridgesegmentation: a case study at the mid-Atlantic ridge 33–358N, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 186:383-399.
    59.
  59. Northrup CJ, Royden LH, Burchfiel BC (1995) Motion of the Pacific Plate Relative to Eurasia and Its Potential Relation to Cenozoic Extension Along the Eastern Margin of Eurasia. Geology 23(8): 719-722.
    60.
  60. Peccerillo A (1992) Potassic and ultrapotassic rocks: compositional characteristics, petrogenesis, and geologic significance. Episodes 15: 243–251.
    61.
  61. Plat IP, England PC (1994) Convective removal of lithosphere beneath mountain belts: thermal and mechanical consequences. American Jourmal of Science 294: 307-336.
    62.
  62. Reuter M, Piller WE, Harzhauser M. Mandic O, Berning B (2007) The Oligo-Miocene Qom Formation (Iran): evidence for an early Burdigalian restriction of the Tethyan Seaway and closure of its Iranian gateways, International Journal of Earth Sciences 98(3):627-650
    63.
  63. Rock NMS (1991) Lamprophyres. Blackie, London, pp 1–285.
    64.
  64. Sarem MN, Abedini MV, Dabiri R, Ansari MR. (2021) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of basic Paleogene volcanic rocks in Alamut region, Alborz Mountain, north of Iran. Earth Sciences Research Journal 25(2):237-45.
    65.
  65. Schellart WP, Lister GS, Jessell MW (2002) Analogue modeling of assymetrical back-arc extension, Journal of the Virtual Explorer 7:25-42.
    66.
  66. Shelly D (1993) Igneous and metamorphic rocks under microscope classification features, microstructures and mineral preferred orientations. Chapman & Hall, London. PP 405.
    67.
  67. Shutoa K, Hiraharab Y, Ishimotob H, Aokic A, Jinbod A, Gotoe Y (2004) Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of the magma source beneath north Hokkaido, Japan: comparison with the back-arc side in the NE Japan arc. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 134: 57-75.
    68.
  68. Singer BS, Dungan MA, Layn GD (1995) Textures and Sr, Ba, Mg, Fe, K, and Ti compositional profiles in volcanic plagioclase: clues to the dynamics of calcalkaline magma chambers. American Mineralogist 80: 776-798.
    69.
  69. Stein S, Stein CA (1996) Thermo-mechanical evolution of oceanic lithosphere: Implications for the subduction processes and deep earthquake. – In: Bebout, G.E. Scholl, D.W., Kirby, S.H. & Platt, J.P. (eds), Subduction top to bottom. – Am. Geophys. Union Monogr 96:1–17.
    70.
  70. Stewart ML, Pearce TH (2004) Sieve-textured plagioclase in dacitic magma: Interference imaging results. American Mineralogist 89: 348-351.
    71.
  71. Sun SS, McDonough WF (1989) A chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implication for mantle composition and processes. In: Saunders AD, Norry MJ, (eds). Magmatism in oceanic basins. Geological Society London Special Publications 42. 313-345.
    72.
  72. Talusani VR (2010) Bimodal tholeiitic and mildly alkalic basalts from Bhir area, central Deccan Volcanic Province, India: Geochemistry and petrogenesis, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 189: 278-290.
    73.
  73. Tatsumi Y, Eggins S (1995) Subduction Zone Magmatism. Blackwell, Cambridge 1–211.
    74.
  74. Tatsumi Y, Hamilton DL, Nesbitt RW (1986) Chemical characteristics of fluid phase released from a subducted lithosphere and origin of arc magmas: Evidencefrom high-pressure experiments and natural rocks: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 29:293-309.
    75.
  75. Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1981) The composition and evolution of the continental crust: rare earth element evidence from sedimentary rocks, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 301:381-399.
    76.
  76. Tchameni R, Pouclet A, Penay J, Ganwa AA, Toteu SF (2006) Petrography and geochemistry of the Ngaondere Pan – African granitoids in Central North Cameroon: Implication for their sources and geological setting, Journal of African Earth Sciences 44:511-529.
    77.
  77. Temizel I, Arslan M (2008) Petrology and geochemistry of Tertiary volcanic rocks from the-Ikizce (Ordu) area, NE Turkey: Implications for the evolution of the eastern Pontide paleo-magmatic arc, Journal of Asian Earth Sciance 31:439-463.
    78.
  78. Turner Rh Mulhern B, Crisp R (2005) Impairment of executive abilities following a social category prime, current research in social psychology 11:29-38.
    79.
  79. Varekamp JC, Hesse A, Mandeville CW (2010) Back-arc basalts from the Loncopue graben (Province of Neuquen, Argentina), Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 197: 313-328.
    80.
  80. Verdel Ch (2009) Cenozoic geology of Iran: An intergrated study of extentional tectonics and related volcanism. In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of doctor of philosophy. California institute of technology Pasadena, California, pp. 287.
    81.
  81. Verdel Ch, Wernicke BP, Hassanzadeh J, Guest B (2011) A Paleogene extensional arc flare‐up in Iran, Tectonics 30(3):1-20.
    82.
  82. Vernon RH (2004) A Practical guide to rock microstructure.Cambridge, 594p.
    83.
  83. VonBlanckenburg F, Davies JH (1995) Slab breakoff: A model for syncollisional magmatism and tectonics in the Alps, Tectonics 14(1):120–131.
    84.
  84. Wang D, Zhou J, Qiu J (1991) The research status of shoshonitic series rocks. J Nanjing Univ (Earth Science) 4:321–328.
    85.
  85. Widdowson HG (1991) Aspects of Language Teaching. Oxford: OUP (1996). Teaching Language as Communication. Oxford: OUP. p 160.
    86.
  86. Widdowson M, Pringle MS, Fernandez OA (2000) A post K-T Boundary (Early Palaeocene) age for Deccan-type feeder dykes, Goa, India, Journal of Petrology 41:1177-1194.
    87.
  87. Woodhead J, Eggins S, Gamble J (1993) High-field strength and transition element systematics in island arc and back-arc basin basalts: evidence for multiphase melt extraction.
    88.
  88. Yazdi A, Ashja-Ardalan A, Emami MH, Dabiri R, Foudazi M (2019) Magmatic interactions as recorded in plagioclase phenocrysts of quaternary volcanics in SE Bam (SE Iran), Iranian Journal of Earth Sciences, 11(3): 215-224.
    89.
  89. Yazdi A, ShahHoseini E, Razavi R (2016) AMS, A method for determining magma flow in Dykes (Case study: Andesite Dyke). Research Journal of Applied Sciences, 11(3), 62-67
    90.
  90. Zhang Z, Xiao X, Wang J, Wang Y, Kusky TM (2008) Post-collisional Plio- Pleistocene shoshonitic volcanism in the western Kunlun Mountains, NW China: geochemical constraints on mantle source characteristics and petrogenesis, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 31:379-403.
    91.

سند

Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications

الروابط

المراكز ذات الصلة

دعامة

الصفحات الرسمية

حقوق هذا الموقع الإلكتروني مملوكة لنظام SANAD Press Management. © 1442-1446

الصفحة الرئيسية| دخول| معلومات عنا| اتصل بنا|
[English] [فارسی] [en] [fa]