• الصفحة الرئيسية
  • Depositional environment and microfacies analysis: An example of the Asmari Formation in West Zagros Basin, Lorestan province (Iran)

شارک

عنوان URL للمقالة


رقم المقالة : IJES-2007-1510 (R3) زيارة : 167 الصفحة: 94 - 114

10.30495/ijes.2021.681578

نوع المخطوط: ابحاث

Depositional environment and microfacies analysis: An example of the Asmari Formation in West Zagros Basin, Lorestan province (Iran)

الموضوعات :

Mohammad Rajabi 1 , Saeedeh Senemari 2 , Mahnaz Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi 3 , Maryamnaz Bahrammanesh Tehrani 4

1 - Department of Geology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
3 - Department of Geology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Geological Survey of Iran, Head of Control and Assessment Center, Tehran, Iran

تاريخ الإرسال : 03 الجمعة , ذو الحجة, 1441 تاريخ التأكيد : 09 الجمعة , جمادى الثانية, 1442 تاريخ الإصدار : 19 الخميس , شعبان, 1442

الکلمات المفتاحية: Asmari Formation, microfacies, Lorestan, Zagros, Biostratigraphy,

ملخص المقالة :

The carbonate sequence of the Asmari Formation is the most important oil reservoir formed in the Zagros Basin, southwestern Iran. In order to interpret the sedimentary environment, the Makhmal-Kuh and Kaka-Reza sections in the Lorestan province were investigated. These sections were compared with some other outcrops in the Zagros Basin. Twenty one genera and species were identified in the Makhmal-Kuh section, and 20 genera and species in the Kaka-Reza section. Among foraminifera, Miogypsina sp ., Amphistegina sp., Elphidium sp., Operculina sp., Nephrolepidina sp., Eulepidina sp., Heterostegina sp., Nummulites fichtelli, Nummulites vascus and Nummulites intermedius are the most important species. Based on the identification of co-occurrence taxa, two assemblage zones are introduced in the Makhmal-Kuh section, and one faunal assemblage zone in the Kaka-Reza section. Petrographic analysis also led to the recognition of twelve microfacies types in the Makhmal-Kuh section and five microfacial types in the Kaka-Reza section. Based on these microfacial types, three sub-environments were determined in the Makhmal-Kuh section and two settings in the Kaka-Reza section: Outer ramp, in the aphotic zone, dominated by planktic foraminifera, bryozoan, and echinoids; the mid ramp, in the oligophotic zone, characterized with benthic foraminifera and planktic foraminifera; the shallower waters of the mesophotic-euphotic zone dominated by benthic foraminifera and coralline red algae in the inner ramp. Therefore, the depositional sub-environments along with biotic assemblages represent warm waters of tropical regions under photic variable conditions in a homoclinal ramp. Based on the distribution of co-occurrence fossils, the Asmari Formation is dated as Rupelian to the Aquitanian.

المصادر:


  1. Adams C, Bourgeois E (1967) Asmari biostratigraphy. Geological and Exploration Division. Iranian Oil Offshore Company.
    2.
  2. Adams CG, Gentry AW, Whybrow PJ (1983) Dating the terminal Tethyan event. Utrecht Micropaleontological Bulletins 30: 273–298.
    3.
  3. Aghanabati A (2004) Geology of Iran. Geological survey of Iran, Tehran.
    4.
  4. Aguirre J, Riding R, Braga JC (2000) Diversity of coralline red algae: origination and extinction patterns from the Early Cretaceous to the Pleistocene. Paleobiology 26: 651–667.
    5.
  5. Alavi M (2004) Regional stratigraphy of the Zagros fold–thrust belt of Iran and its proforeland evolution. American Journal of Science 304: 1–20.
    6.
  6. Allahkarampour Dill M, Vaziri-Moghaddam H, Seyrafian A, Behdad A (2017) Oligo-Miocene carbonate platform evolution in the northern margin of the Asmari intra-shelf basin, SW Iran. Marine and Petroleum Geology.
    7.
  7. Amiri Bakhtiar H, Taheri A, Vaziri-Moghaddam H (2010) Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Isfahan , Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran Correspondenceavaziri7304@gmail.com
    Maastrichtian facies succession and sea-level history of the Hossein-Abad, Neyriz area, Zagros Basin. Historical Biology 23 (2-3): 145–153.
    8.
  8. Amirshahkarami M, Vaziri-Moghaddam H, Taheri A (2007) Sedimentary Facies and sequence stratigraphy of the Asmari Formation at the Chaman-Bolbol-Zagros basin. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 29: 47–59.
    9.
  9. Baceta JI, Pujalte V, Bernaola G (2005) Paleocene coralgal reefs of the western Pyrenean basin, northern Spain: new evidence supporting an earliest Paleogene recovery of reefal systems. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 224:117–143.
    10.
  10. Bahr A, Jimenez-Espejo FJ, Kolasinac N, Grunert P, Hernández-Molina FJ, Rohl U, Voelker AHL, Escutia C, Stow DAV, Hodell D, Alvarez-Zarikian CA (2014) Deciphering bottom current velocity and paleoclimate signals from contourite deposits in the Gulf of Cadiz during the last 140 kyr: an inorganic geochemical approach. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 15 (8): 3145–3160.
    11.
  11. Baratian M, Arian MA, Yazdi A (2020) Petrology and Petrogenesis of Siah Kooh Volcanic Rocks in the Eastern Alborz. Geosaberes 11: 349-363
    12.
  12. Bassi D, Hottinger L, Nebelsick JH (2007) Larger foraminifera from the upper Oligocene of the Venetian area, north-east Italy. Paleontology 50:845–868.
    13.
  13. Beavington-Penney SJ, Racey A (2004) Ecology of extant nummulitids and other larger benthic foraminifera: applications in paleoenvironmental analysis. Earth Science Reviews 67: 219–265.
    14.
  14. Bolli HM (1966) Zonation of Cretaceous to Pliocene Marine Sediments Based on Planktonic Foraminifera. Boletin Informativo Asociacion Venezolana de Geologia, Mineria y Petroleo 9: 3–32.
    15.
  15. Boudagher-Fadel MK (2008) Evolution and geological significance of larger benthic foraminifera, Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    16.
  16. Brandano M, Frezza V, Tomassetti L, Cuffaro M (2009) Heterozoan carbonates in oligotrophic tropical waters: the Attard member of the lower coralline limestone formation (Upper Oligocene, Malta). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 274: 54–63.
    17.
  17. Cahuzac B, PoignantA (1997) An attempt of biozonation of the European basin, by means of larger neritic foraminifera. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 168: 155–169.
    18.
  18. Caron M (1985) Cretaceous Planktonic Foraminifera. In: Boli et al (eds) Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 17–86.
    19.
  19. Daneshian J, Ramezani Dana L (2007) Early Miocene benthic foraminifera and Biostratigraphy of the Qom Formation, Deh Namak, Central Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 29: 844–858.
    20.
  20. Dunham RJ (1962) Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture, American Association of Petroleum Geologist Memories 1:108–121.
    21.
  21. Ehrenberg SN, Pickard NAH, Laursen GV, Monibi S, Mossadegh ZK, Svånå TA, Aqrawi AAM, McArthur JM, Thirlwall MF (2007) Strontium isotope stratigraphy of the Asmari formation (Oligocene - lower Miocene), Sw Iran. Journal of Petroleum Geology 30 (2): 107–128.
    22.
  22. Einsele G (2000) Sedimentary Basins. Evolution, Facies, and Sediment Budget. 2nd edition, London
    23.
  23. Embry A, Klovan J. (1971) A late Devonian reef tract on northeastern Banks Island. N.W.T. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 19 (4): 730–781.
    24.
  24. Falcon NL (1961) Major earth-Xexturing in the Zagros Mountain of southwest Iran. Journal of the Geological Society London 117: 367–376.
    25.
  25. Flügel E (2004) Microfacies analysis of limestone: analysis, interpretation and application. Springer, Berlin.
    26.
  26. Flügel E (2010) Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks. Analysis, Interpretation and Application. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
    27.
  27. Geel T (2000) Recognition of stratigraphic sequences in carbonate platform and slope deposits: empirical models based on microfacies analysis of paleogene deposits in southeastern Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 155: 211–238.
    28.
  28. GhasemShirazi B, Bakhshandeh L, Yazdi A (2014) Paleoecology of Upper Cretaceous Sediments in Central Iran, Kerman (Bondar- e Bido Section) Based on Ostracods. Marine Science 4 (2): 49-57
    29.
  29. Halfar J, Godinez-Orta L, Mutti M, Valdez-Holguin JE, Borges JM (2004) Nutrient and temperature controls on modern carbonate production: an example from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Geology 32: 213–216.
    30.
  30. Halfar J, Mutti M (2005) Global dominance of coralline red-algal facies: a response to Miocene oceanographic events. Geology 33: 481–484.
    31.
  31. Hallock P (1985) Why are larger Foraminifera large. Paleobiology 11:195–208.
    32.
  32. Hallock P, Glenn EC (1986) Larger foraminifera: a tool for paleoenvironmental analysis of Cenozoic carbonate depositional facies. Palaios 1: 55–64.
    33.
  33. Hallock P, Sheps K, Chaproniere GCH, Howell M (2006) A larger benthic foraminifers of the Marion Plateau, NE Australia (ODP Leg 194): comparison of faunas from bryozoan (Site 1193, 1194) and red-algal (Site 1196-98) dominated carbonate platforms. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results 194:1–31.
    34.
  34. Heydari E (2008) Tectonics versus eustatic control on supersequences of the Zagros Mountains of Iran. Tectonophysics 451: 56–70.
    35.
  35. Heydari E, Hassanzadeh J, Wade WJ, Ghazi AM (2003) PermianeTriassic boundary interval in the Abadeh section of Iran with implications for mass extinction. Part1. Sedimentology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology 193: 405–423.
    36.
  36. Hohenegger J (2000) Coenoclines of larger foraminifera. Micropaleontology 46: 127–151.
    37.
  37. Hottinger L (1983) Processes determining the distribution of larger foraminifera in space and time. Utrecht Micropaleont Bulletin 30:239–253.
    38.
  38. Hottinger L (1997) Shallow benthic foraminiferal assemblages as signals for depth of their deposition and their limitations. Bulletin of Society of Geology of France 168(4): 491–505.
    39.
  39. James GA, Wynd JG (1965) Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian oil consortium agreement area. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 49 (12): 2182–2245.
    40.
  40. Kalantari A (1986) Microfacies of carbonate rocks of Iran: National Iranian Oil Company, Geological Laboratory Publication, Tehran.
    41.
  41. Kimiagari M (2006) Biostratigraphy, microfacies and sequence stratigraphy of the Asmari Formation in the Gurpi Anticline (Lali area) to Khaviz Mountain (Behbahan area).Dissertation, University of Isfahan.
    42.
  42. Lacombe O, Bellahsen N, Mouthereau F (2011a) Fracture patterns in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt (Fars, Iran): Constraints on early collisional tectonic history and role of basement faults. Geological magazine 148 (5–6): 940–963.
    43.
  43. Lacombe O, Grasemann B, Simpson G (2011b) Introduction: geodynamic evolution of the Zagros. Geological Magazine 148 (5–6): 689–691.
    44.
  44. Langer MR, Hottinger L (2000) Biogeography of selected ‘larger’ foraminifera. Micropaleontology 46:105–127.
    45.
  45. Laursen GV, Monibi S, Allan TL, Pickard NAH, Hosseiney A, Vincent B, Hamon Y, Van Buchem FSH, Moallemi A, Driullion G (2009) The Asmari Formation revisited: Changed stratigraphic allocation and new biozonation. First international petroleum conference & exhibition, Shiraz, Iran.
    46.
  46. Lintner M, Biedrawa B, Wukovits J, Wanek W, Heinz P (2020) Salinity-dependent algae uptake and subsequent carbon and nitrogen metabolisms of two intertidal foraminifera (Ammonia tepida and Haynesina germanica). Biogeosciences 17: 3723–3732.
    47.
  47. Loeblich AR, Tappan JH (1988) Foraminiferal Genera and their Classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold. 2 vols., New York.
    48.
  48. Maghfouri Moghaddam I, Roozpeykar A,Shirmohamadi G (2019) Biostratigraphy of early Oligocene-early Miocene benthic foraminifera in Lorestan Zone, south-west Iran. Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 48:925–935.
    49.
  49. Mateu-Vicens G, Hallock P, Brandano M (2008) A depositional model and palaeoecological reconstruction of the Lower Tortorian distally steepend ramp of Menorca. Palaios 23: 465–481.
    50.
  50. Miller KG, Kominz M, Wright JD, Mountain G (2005) The Phanerozoic Record of Global Sea-Level Change. Science 310(5752):1293–1298.
    51.
  51. Monjezi N, Amirshahkarami M, Amiri Bakhtiar H, Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi M, Mirzaee A (2019)  Palaeoecology and microfacies correlation analysis of the Oligocene–Miocene Asmari formation, in the Gachsaran oil field, Dezful Embayment, Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran. Carbonates and Evaporites 34 (4):1551-1568.
    52.
  52. Motiei H (1994) Stratigraphy of Zagros. Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran.
    53.
  53. Motiei H (1995) Petroleum geology of Zagros. Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran.
    54.
  54. NIOC (1992) Geological map of Khorramabad (1:250000). Geological Survey & Mineral Explorations of Iran (GSI)
    55.
  55. Parvaneh nejad Shirazi M, Davoudi Nezhad M, Ghalavand H (2012) Microfacies and sedimentary environment of the Oligo-Miocene sequence (Asmari Formation) in Khuzestan sub-basin, Zagros Basin, southwest Iran. International Research Journal of Geology and Minning 2: 16–24.
    56.
  56. Pomar L, Mateu-Vicens G, Morsilli M, Brandano M (2014) Carbonate ramp evolution during the late Oligocene (chattian), Salento peninsula, southern Italy. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 404: 109–132.
    57.
  57. Poorbehzadi K, Yazdi A, Sharifi Teshnizi E, Dabiri R (2019) Investigating of Geotechnical Parameters of Alluvial Foundation in Zaram-Rud Dam Site, North Iran. International Journal of Mining Engineering And Technology 1(1): 33-34
    58.
  58. Postuma J (1971) Manual of Planktonic Foraminifera. Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam
    59.
  59. Premoli Silva I, Verga D (2004) Practical Manual of Cretaceous Planktonic Foraminifera, In: Verga D, Rettori R (eds) International School on Planktonic Foraminifera.Universities of Perugia and Milano, Tipografia di Pontefelcino, Perugia, 283 p.
    60.
  60. Prothero DR (2003) Pacific coast Eocene-Oligocene marine chronostratigraphy: a review and an update. In: Prothero DR, Ivany LC, Nesbitt EA (eds) From Greenhouse to Icehouse: The Marine Eocene-Oligocene Transition.Columbia University Press, New York, 1–13.
    61.
  61. Racey A (1994) Biostratigraphy and Palaeobiogeographic significance of Tertiary Nummulitids (Foraminifera) from Northern Oman. In: Simmons MD (ed) Micropalaeontology and Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Middle East.Chapman and Hall, London, 343–369.
    62.
  62. Rahaghi A (1980) Tertiary faunal assemblage of Qum-Kashan, Sabzewar and Jahrum areas. National Iranian Oil Company, Tehran.
    63.
  63. Rahmani A, Vaziri-Moghaddam H, Taheri A, Ghabeishavi A (2009) A model for the paleoenvironmental distribution of larger foraminifera of Oligocene–Miocene carbonate rocks at Khaviz Anticline, Zagros Basin, SW Iran. Historical Biology 21 (3–4): 215–227.
    64.
  64. Rasser M, Piller W (2004) Crustose algal frameworks from the Eocene Alpine foreland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 206: 21–39.
    65.
  65. Romero J, Caus E, Rossel J (2002) A model for the palaeoenvironmental distribution of larger foraminifera based on Late Middle Eocene deposits on the margin of the south Pyrenean basin. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 179: 43–56.
    66.
  66. Sadeghi R, Vaziri-Moghaddam H, Taheri A (2009) Biostratigraphy and Palaeoecology of the Oligo-Miocene succession in Fars and Khuzestan areas (Zagros Basin, SW Iran). Historical Biology 21 (1–2):17–31.
    67.
  67. Seyrafian A, Vaziri-Moghaddam H, Arzani N, Taheri A (2011) Facies analysis of the Asmari Formation in central and north-central Zagros basin, southwest Iran: biostratigraphy, paleoecology and diagenesis. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 28: 439–458.
    68.
  68. Shabafrooz R, Mahboubi A, Vaziri-Moghaddam H, Ghabeishavi A, Moussavi-Harami R (2015) Depositional architecture and sequence stratigraphy of the oligo–Miocene Asmari platform; Southeastern Izeh zone, Zagros Basin, Iran. Facies 61 (1): 1–32.
    69.
  69. Sherkati S, Letouzey J (2004) Variation of structural style and basin evolution in the central Zagros (Izeh zone and Dezful Embayment), Iran. Marine and Petroleum Geology 21:535–554.
    70.
  70. Sherkati S, Letouzey J, Frizon de Lamotte D (2006) The central Zagros fold-thrust belt (Iran): New insights from seismic data, field observation and sandbox modeling. Tectonics 25: 1–27.
    71.
  71. Stocklin J (1968) Structural history and tectonics of Iran: A review. American Association Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 52: 1229–1258.
    72.
  72. Taheri MR, Vaziri-Moghaddam H, Taheri A, Ghabeishavi A (2017) Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Oligo-Miocene Asmari formation in the Izeh zone (Zagros Basin, SW Iran). Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 69 (1): 59–85
    73.
  73. Thomas AN (1948) The Asmari Limestone of southwest Iran: National Iranian Oil Company, Tehran.
    74.
  74. van Buchem FSP, Allan TL, Laursen GV, Lotfpour M, Moallemi A, Monibi S, Motiei H, Pickard NAH, Tahmasbi AR, Vedrenne V, Vincent B (2010) Regional stratigraphic architecture and reservoir types of the Oligo-Miocene deposits in the Dezful Embayment (Asmari and Pabdeh formations) SW Iran. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 329: 219–263.
    75.
  75. Vaziri-Moghaddam H, Seyrafian A, Taheri A, Motiei H (2010) Oligocene-Miocene ramp system (Asmari Formation) in the NW of the Zagros basin, Iran: microfacies, paleoenvironment and depositional sequence. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 27: 56–71.
    76.
  76. Wynd JG (1965) Biofacies of the Iranian Oil Consortium Agreement area. Iranian Oil Operating Companies, Geological and Exploration Division, Report 1082.
    77.
  77. Yazdi A, Ashja-Ardalan A, Emami MH, Dabiri R, Foudazi M (2017) Chemistry of Minerals and Geothermobarometry of Volcanic Rocks in the Region Located in Southeast of Bam, Kerman Province. Open Journal of Geology 7(11): 1644-1653
    78.
  78. Ziegler M­A (2001) Late Permian to Holocene Paleofacies Evolution of the Arabian Plate and its Hydrocarbon Occurrences. GeoArabia 6 (3): 445–504.
    79.

سند

Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications

الروابط

المراكز ذات الصلة

دعامة

الصفحات الرسمية

حقوق هذا الموقع الإلكتروني مملوكة لنظام SANAD Press Management. © 1442-1446

الصفحة الرئيسية| دخول| معلومات عنا| اتصل بنا|
[English] [فارسی] [en] [fa]