Effect of 8 weeks selected Spark Motor Program on brain derived neurotrophic factor in intellectually disabled educable boys
الموضوعات : Journal of Physical Activity and Hormones
Hamid Arvin
1
(PhD candidate in Motor behavior and motor development, Department of Motor behavior, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran)
Latifeh Tavakol
2
(BS in Exercise physiology, Department of Exercise physiology, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: BDNF, Intellectually disabled, Spark training,
ملخص المقالة :
Introduction: Intellectually disabled is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a key neurotrophin regulating synaptic plasticity, neuronal differentiation and survival. The effect of exercise training on BDNF in intellectually disabled educable children is not well known. Thus the present study was conducted to examine the effect of 8 weeks selected Spark Motor Program on BDNF in intellectually disabled educable boys. Material & Methods: Twenty intellectually disabled educable boys participated in this study as the subject. The subjects were divided into experimental group (n=10) or control group (n=10) randomly. The experimental group was performed selected Spark Motor Program 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Results: The results showed that BDNF had not significant change after 8 weeks selected Spark Motor Program. Conclusions: In summary, Spark Motor Program that selected in this study had not significant effect on BDNF in intellectually disabled educable boys.
1. Faal Moghanlo H, Hosseini F, Mikaili Manee F. Effect of Spark Motor Program on the development of gross motor skills in intellectually disabled educable boys. J Birjand Univers Med Sci 2013; 20: 262-270.
2. Daily DK, Ardinger HH, Holmes GE. Identification and evaluation of mental retardation. Am Fam Physician 2000; 61: 1059-1067.
3. Kaneshiro NK. Intellectual disability. MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2016. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001523.htm.
4. Ghanizadeh A. Physical exercise and intermittent administration of lactulose may improve autism symptoms through hydrogen production. Med Gas Res 2012; 2: 19.
5. Anderson-Hanley C, Tureck K, Schneiderman RL. Autism and exergaming: effects on repetitive behaviors and cognition. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2011; 4: 129-137.
6. Mokhtari-Zaer A, Hosseini M, Boskabady MH. The effects of exercise on depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors as well as lung and hippocampus oxidative stress in ovalbumin-sensitized juvenile rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 248: 55-62.
7. Rubio-Arias JÁ, Marín-Cascales E, Ramos-Campo DJ, Hernandez AV, Pérez-López FR. Effect of exercise on sleep quality and insomnia in middle-aged women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Maturitas 2017; 100: 49-56.
8. Mak MK, Wong-Yu IS, Shen X, Chung CL. Long-term effects of exercise and physical therapy in people with Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2017; 13: 689-703.
9. Machado S, Filho ASS, Wilbert M, Barbieri G, Almeida V, Gurgel A, et al. Physical exercise as stabilizer for Alzheimer'S disease cognitive decline: Current status. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2017; 13: 181-184.
10. Lee IH, Seo EJ, Lim IS. Effects of aquatic exercise and CES treatment on the changes of cognitive function, BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF of persons with intellectual disabilities. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2014; 18: 19-24.
11. Balaratnasingam S, Janca A. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor: a novel neurotrophin involved in psychiatric and neurological disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 134: 116-124.
12. Riccio A, Ahn S, Davenport CM. Blendy JA, Ginty DD. Mediation by a CREB family transcription factor of NGF-dependent survival of sympathetic neurons. Science 1999: 286.
13. McAllister AK, Katz LC, Lo DC. Neurotrophins and synaptic plasticity. Annu Rev Neurosci 1999; 22: 295-318.
14. Chao MV. Neurotrophins and their receptors: a convergence point for many signalling pathways. Nat Rev Neurosci 2003; 4: 299-309.
15. Hashimoto K, Iwata Y, Nakamura K, Tsujii M, Tsuchiya KJ, Sekine Y, et al. Reduced serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in adult male patients with autism. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2006; 30: 1529-1531.
16. Ulrich DA. Test of gross motor development-2. Austin, T.X.: Prod-Ed Press; 2000.
17. Rezvankhah Golsefidi N, Emami Hashemi SA. Effect of Selected Spark Motor Program on anxiety of children with asperger. Physic Treat 2015; 5: 83-88.
18. Halepoto DM, Bashir S, A L-Ayadhi L. Possible role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in autism spectrum disorder: current status. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2014; 24: 274-278.
19. Seifert T, Brassard P, Wissenberg M, Rasmussen P, Nordby P, Stalknecht B, et al. Endurance training enhances BDNF release from the human brain. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010; 298: 327-377.
20. Ferris LT, Williams JS, Shen, CL. The effect of acute exercise on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and cognitive function. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39: 728-734.
21. Hillman CH, Erickson KI, Kramer AF. Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effect on brain and cognition. Nature Rev Neurosci 2008; 9: 58-65.
22. Ferrer I, Goutan E, Marin C, Rey MJ, Ribalta T. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Huntington disease. Brain Res 2000; 866: 257-261.
23. Mogi M, Togari A, Kondo T, Mizuno Y, Komure O, Kuno S, et al. Brain-derived growth factor and nerve growth factor concentrations are decreased in the substantia nigra in Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett 1999; 270: 45-48.
24. Chen B, Dowlatshahi D, MacQueen GM, Wang JF, Young LT. Increased hippocampal BDNF immunoreactivity in subjects treated with antidepressant medication. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 50: 260-265.
25. Shimizu E, Hashimoto K, Okamura N, Koike K, Komatsu N, Kumakiri C, et al. Alterations of serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in depressed patients with or without antidepressants. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54: 70-75.
26. Luger A, Deuster PA, Kyle SB, Gallucci WT, Montgomery LC, Gold PW, et al. Acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to the stress of treadmill exercise. Physiologic adaptations to physical training. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 1309-1315.
27. Chaldakov GN, Fiore M, Stankulov IS, Hristova M, Antonelli A, Manni L, et al. NGF, BDNF, leptin, and mast cells in human coronary atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. Arch Physiol Biochem 2001; 109: 357-360.
28. Pan W, Banks WA, Fasold MB, Bluth J, Kastin AJ. Transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor across the blood-brain barrier. Neuropharmacology 1998; 37: 1553-1561.
