تحلیل محرک‌های کلیدی اثرگذار بر مشارکت شهروندان در حفاظت از محیط‌زیست شهری با رویکرد آینده‌پژوهی (مطالعه موردی: شهرکرد)
الموضوعات :
علی اکبر عنابستانی
1
,
پرنیان شیخی
2
1 - استاد گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 - کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: شهرکرد, مشارکت شهروندان, آینده‌پژوهی, محیط‌زیست شهری,
ملخص المقالة :
مشارکت شهروندی یکی از عوامل اساسی در موفقیت طرح‌های شهری است وسیله‌ای است برای دستیابی به اهداف توسعه انسانی و یک ارزش مستقل در توسعه جوامع شهری به‌حساب می‌آید. میزان مشارکت شهروندان بستگی به عوامل و متغیرهای گوناگونی ازجمله بنیان‌های اجتماعی، آگاهی شهروندی، رضایت شهروندان و ... دارد. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی محرک‌های اثرگذار بر مشارکت شهروندان در حفاظت از محیط‌زیست شهری در شهرکرد است. روش تحقیق به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و ازنظر روش‌شناسی توصیفی_تحلیلی است به‌نحوی‌که ابتدا با روش دلفی عوامل شناسایی و پس از اعتبار بخشی آن توسط کارشناسان در قالب پرسشنامه میک‌مک مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفته است و برای این کار از روش‌های اعتبارسنجی در تطبیق داده‌ها با رویکرد آینده‌پژوهی توسط خبرگان و کارشناسان شهری کمک گرفته است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که از بین شاخص‌های ۲۳ گانه، توجه به فرهنگ‌سازی و افزایش آگاهی شهروندان در حفظ محیط‌زیست (رضایت عمومی جامعه، افزایش آگاهی‌های عمومی، کاهش تضادهای بین رشد اقتصادی و امنیت زیست‌محیطی، انتشار فرهنگ حفظ محیط‌زیست و...) و توجه به موضوع مشورت و مشارکت شهروندان در حفظ محیط‌زیست (اطلاع‌رسانی به مردم، استقبال شهرداری از مشارکت، ارائه پیشنهادها و نظرات به مدیران شهری، مدنظر قرارداد افکار عمومی و...) به عنوان محرک کلیدی در اولویت قرار گرفت و پس از آن برخورداری از دانش محیط‌زیستی، اطلاع از مفهوم توسعه پایدار، حقوق محیط‌زیست، مکان‌یابی صنایع و استاندارهای زیست‌محیطی، افزایش آگاهی‌های محیط‌زیستی شهروندان از طریق رسانه‌ها (آگاهی از وظایف و حقوق خود در قبال محیط‌زیست، آگاهی از وظایف و حقوق محیط‌زیست، ارتقای کیفیت محیطی، تقویت اخلاق زیست‌محیطی و...) و توجه به موضوع حفاظت و استفاده پایدار از منابع در شهرها (کاهش مداخلات انسانی مخرب، حفظ منافع نسل‌های آینده، آسیب‌شناسی برنامه‌های توسعه و...) می‌تواند بستری مناسب برای ارتقای مشارکت شهروندان در حفاظت از محیط‌زیست شهری شهرکرد فراهم نماید.
1. Adhami, A., & Akbarzadeh, E. (2008). Investigating Cultural Factors Affecting Environmental Conservation in Tehran (Case Study: Districts 5 and 18). Shushtar Journal of Social Sciences, 5(12), 37-62. [In Persian] https://www.sid.ir/paper/170183/fa
2. Akabayashi, A. (2003): Report of the project strategies for social consensus building on the policies concerning Advanced Medical Technologies. Tokyo: Fuji research Institute Corporation
3. Alavi, K. (2014). Society and Economy in the City. Tehran: Sokhan Publications. [In Persian]
4. Albert, C. (2010): Participatory Scenario Development for Supporting Transitions towards Sustainability. Berlin: Governing Social-Ecological Change.
5. Anabestani, A. A., & Hosseini, S. P. (2021). Analysis of Key Drivers Affecting the Acceptance of Community-Based Tourism in Rural Settlements with a Futures Studies Approach (Case Study: Shirvan County). Geography and Development Journal, 19(65), 171-202. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22111/j10.22111.2021.6531
6. Bartelmus, P. (2014): Indicators of sustainable development, Encyclopedia of Earth. Florida: (EOE). Bizikova, L., Rothman, D., Boardley, S., Mead, S., Kuriakose, A. Participatory Scenario Development and Future Visioning in Adaptation Planning: Lessons from experience Part I. 2008; Germany: International Institute for Sustainable Development.
7. Berry, J. (2001). Environment and Social Theory (H. Pouyan & N. Tookali, Trans., 1st ed.). Tehran: Environmental Protection Publications. [In Persian]
8. Binaei Bashi, M. (2011). The Role of Environmental Television Programs in Raising Awareness and Citizen Participation in Environmental Conservation in Tehran (Master's Thesis). Islamic Azad University, Tehran. [In Persian]
9. Boone, C. & Modarres, A. (2006): City and Environment. USA: Temple University Press.
10. Brent Lackey, S., Freshwater, D. & Rupasingha, A. (2002). Factors Influencing Local 10-Government Cooperation in Rural Areas: Evidence from the Tennessee Valley. Economic Development Quarterly, 16(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891242402016002004
11. Caille, F., Riera, J. L., Rodr´ıguez-Labajos, B., Middelkoop, H. & Rosell-Mel´e, A. (2007): Participatory scenario development for integrated assessment of nutrient flows in a Catalanriver catchment. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci, Vol.20, Issue.11, Pp. 1843-1855. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1843-2007 .
12. Carleton-Hug, A., & Hug, J.W. (2010). Challenges and opportunities for evaluating Environmental Education programs. Evaluation and program planning, 33,159-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2009.07.005
13. Dadash Oghli, D., Fakhrabadi, H., & Abdollahzadeh Hanji, N. (2020). Assessment of the Effects and Impacts of Tourism on Citizens' Attitudes and Quality of Life: A Case Study of Mashkinshahr. Tourism Space Quarterly, 8(31), 43-55. [In Persian] https://gjts.malayer.iau.ir/article_667697.html
14. Docherty, I., Goodlad, R., & Paddison, R. (2001): Civic culture, community and citizen participation in contrasting neighbourhoods. Urban studies, 38(12), 2225-2250. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43198196
15. Ebrahimi, M. (2004). Collection of Articles on Sustainable Cities, Urban Management. Tehran: Public and International Relations Office of Tehran Municipality. [In Persian]
16. Faryadi, S. (2008). Urban Environment; Municipalities and Rural Districts of the Ministry of Interior in the Encyclopedia of Urban and Rural Management (pp. 685-689). Tehran: Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology and Ministry of Interior. [In Persian]
17. Farzaneh Sadat Zaranji, Z. (2021). Investigating Citizen Participation in Urban Environmental Conservation. In Second International Conference and Fifth National Conference on Conservation of Natural Resources and Environment, Ardabil. [In Persian] https://civilica.com/doc/1248856
18. Fathi, S. (2014). Factors Affecting Citizen Participation in Urban Space Management and Development. Tehran: Sociological Studies. [In Persian]
19. Gholami, M. J., Eftakharnia, M., & Molazadeh, A. (2011). Economic and Environmental Assessment of Population Density Increase (Case Study: Region 5 of Tehran Municipality). In First Iranian Urban Economics Conference, December 2-3, 2011. [In Persian]
20. Ghorbani Nia, Z., & Saadat, M. (2013). The Role of Public Participation in Environmental Protection. In The First National Conference on Conservation, Support of the Environment, and Sustainable Development, Hamedan: Shahid Mofateh University. [In Persian]
21. Glucker AN., Driessen, P.P., Kolhoff, A. & Runhaar, H.A. (2013): Public participation in environmental impact assessment: why, who and how?. Environmental impact assessment review. No. 43, Pp. 104-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2013.06.003
22. Godet, M., Durance, Ph., & Gerber, A. (2008): Strategic Foresight La Prospective Use and Misuse of Scenario Building. LIPSOR Working Paper (#10), Paris
23. Heydari, A., Rahnama, M. R., Ajzashokouhi, M., & Kharazmi, O. A. (2016). Analysis of Spatial Environmental Changes in the Metropolitan Area of Mashhad Using the Natural Step Future Scenario Model. Geography and Environmental Sustainability, 6(18), 1-19. [In Persian] https://ges.razi.ac.ir/article_552.html
24. Hosseini, S. H., Ghodrati, H., Mireh, M., & Zangeneh, Y. (2013). Urban Sustainability Based on Civic Development: A Case Study of Sabzevar City. Geography and Environmental Sustainability, 2(6), 44-66. [In Persian] https://ges.razi.ac.ir/article_206.html
25. Kaberger, T. (2002). Making transport systems sustainable. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2(2), 547-574.
26. Kakavand, E. (2011). Strategies for Increasing Citizen Participation in Urban Development. In The Third National Conference on Urban Development, Tehran. [In Persian]
27. Kasymova, J. Gaynor, T.S. (2014): Effective Citizen Participation in Environmental Issues. Journal of State and Local Government Review, 46(2), 34-48. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24639168
28. Khajeh Shahkouhi, A., Najafi Kani, A. A., & Babaieyan, T. (2014). Examining Citizen Participation Levels in Peripheral Cities' Urban Management: A Case Study of Babol City. Journal of Spatial Planning, 4(12), 1-19. [In Persian] https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_7500.html
29. Mahamoudzadeh, A., Shakeryan, S., & Shahgholi, Z. (2013). Future Analysis Methods with a Strategic Approach. Isfahan: Pars Zia Publications. [In Persian]
30. Maleki, S., & Sarvestan, R. (2016). Assessment of Citizen Participation in Urban Areas' Services and Environment in Baghmolk. Urban Management Studies, 8(25), 26-38. [In Persian] https://journals.srbiau.ac.ir/article_9405.html
31. Martin, G. B. (1995): The tomato gene Pti1 encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is phosphorylated by Pto and is involved in the hypersensitive response. Cell, 83(6), 36-93. https://www.cell.com/fulltext/0092-8674(95)90208-2
32. Ma'rufi, A., Sajadi, Z., & Rezvian, M. T. (2019). Assessment of Participatory Scenario Planning in the Environmental Future Studies of Region 1 in Tehran. Geography and Environmental Sustainability, 9(2), 97-114. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.22126/ges.1970.1160
33. Mozafari, M. (2009). Urban Development for Participatory Management Planning. Tehran: Azmoon Publishing. [In Persian]
34. Nasiri, P., Leqaii, H., Khaladbarin, A., & Setari, Z. (2001). Managerial Perspectives on Problem Solving in Non-Governmental Environmental Organizations in Iran. Environmental Sciences and Technology, (11), 1-15. [In Persian] https://jest.srbiau.ac.ir/article_469.html
35. Navazi, S., Parak, M., & Salehi, E. (2018). Global Perspectives and International Experiences in the Field of Participatory Environmental Urban Planning. Environmental Research, 9(17), 5-16. [In Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20089597.1397.9.17.2.9
36. Nazemi, A. (2006). Futures Studies from Concept to Implementation. Center for Defense Sciences. [In Persian]
37. O'Campo, P., Wheaton, B., Nisenbaum, R., Glazier, R.H., Dunn, J.R. & Chambers, Ch. (2015): The Neighborhood Effects on Health and Well-being (NEHW) study. Health & Place, Vol.43, Issue.5, Pp. 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.11.001
38. Ohmer, M. L. (2007): Citizen participation in neigh boarhounds' organizations in poor communities and relationship to neighborhood and organizational collective efficacy, Journal of sociology and social Welfare, 38(12), 222-225. https://ums.srbiau.ac.ir/m/article_9405.html?lang=en
39. Palomo, R. (2011): Participatory Scenario Planning for Protected Areas Management under the Ecosystem Services Framework: the Doñana Social-Ecological System in Southwestern Spain. Ecology and Society, 16(1), 23-45. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26268839
40. Rahimi Bugar, Y., & Zare, A. (2019). Assessment of Citizen Participation in Environmental Health and Urban Health Determinants. In Fourth International Conference on New Horizons in Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment Sciences, Tehran. [In Persian] https://civilica.com/doc/908099
41. Rahimi, M., & Dashtimokhar, S. (2013). Investigating the Role of Citizen Participation in Urban Environmental Protection: A Case Study of Tehran City. In First National Conference on Geography, Urban Planning, and Sustainable Development, Tehran: Environmental Association of Koomeh, Industrial University. [In Persian]
42. Rahmani, B., & Majidi Khahmaneh, B. (2009). Factors Affecting Women's Participation in Urban Environmental Conservation, with an Emphasis on Ecofeminist Perspective (Case Study: Districts 6 and 8 of Tehran Municipality). Journal of Sources. [In Persian] https://www.sid.ir/paper/130427/fa
43. Rahnama, M. R., & Ma'roufi, A. (2015). Scenario Planning in Urban and Regional Studies (Concepts, Methods, and Experiences). Mashhad: Research Center for Islamic City Council of Mashhad. [In Persian]
44. Rezaeian, S., Joozi, S. A., & Malmasi, S. (2019). Investigating the Role of Citizen Participation in Urban Environmental Protection (Case Study: District 9 of Tehran Municipality). Environmental and Sustainable Development, 4(66), 59-70. [In Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.29809088.1398.4.66.5.2
45. Royo, S., Yetano, A. & Acerete, B. (2013): E-Participation and Environmental Protection: Are Local Governments Really Committed? Public Administration Review. 74(1), 87-98. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24029382
46. Sadaqat Nouri, H., & Bahraini, H. (2016). Citizen Participation in Urban Environmental Protection by Providing Solutions in Urban Planning (Case Study: Lavasan). Urban Management, 15(44), 289-320. [In Persian] file:///C:/Users/PC8/Downloads/28713943814.pdf
47. Safari, J. (2016). Investigating the Financial Factors Affecting the Implementation of Urban Regeneration Projects (Case Study: Shahr-e Kord City) (Master's Thesis). Mazandaran University, Babolsar. [In Persian]
48. Stevens, M.R., Berke, P.R. & Song, Y. (2010): Public Participation in Local Government Review of Development Proposals in Hazardous Locations. Does it Matter, and What Do Local.
49. Taghvaei, M., Babanasab, R., & Mousavi, Ch. (2009). An Analysis of Factors Affecting Citizen Participation in Urban Management (Case Study: Tabriz District 4). Journal of Urban and Regional Studies and Research, 1(2), 19-36. [In Persian] https://www.sid.ir/paper/153024/fa
50. Vessi, H. (2007). Obstacles to Public Participation in Environmental Protection. In The First Conference on Environmental System Planning and Management Engineering. [In Persian]
51. Wolch, J. R., & Newell, J. P. (2014): Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities ‘just green enough’. Landscape and urban planning, 125, Pp. 234-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017
52. Ziyari, K., Zandavi, S. M. A., Aghajani, M., & Moghadam, M. (2009). Examining Citizen Participation and Its Role in the Governance of Small Cities (Case Study: Golahdar, Varzaneh, and Hidaj Cities). Geography and Regional Development Journal, 7(13), 211-233. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.22067/geography.v7i13.8983
