Optical Kerr Nonlinear Performance of Metal-Cap Wedged-Shape Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide
الموضوعات :
Majlesi Journal of Telecommunication Devices
Hossein Rahimi
1
,
Mahmoud Nikoufard
2
,
Mojtaba Dehghani Firouzabadi
3
1 - Department of Electrical Engineering, , College of Technical, Khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomein, Iran
2 - Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
3 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
تاريخ الإرسال : 16 السبت , جمادى الأولى, 1444
تاريخ التأكيد : 23 الثلاثاء , رجب, 1444
تاريخ الإصدار : 09 الأربعاء , شعبان, 1444
الکلمات المفتاحية:
nonlinear coefficient,
Plasmonic,
Kerr effect,
Fig. of Merit,
confinement factor,
effective area,
Wedge shape,
ملخص المقالة :
This paper aims to investigate the enhancement of Kerr nonlinear performance caused by more optical confinement and longer propagation length due to different metal-cap wedge-shaped hybrid plasmonic waveguide geometric parameters. In this work, we will focus on Kerr nonlinear effect, and analyze how the different waveguide geometries can enhance this effect. Our theoretical investigation shows that the presented nonlinear wedge-shaped hybrid plasmonic waveguide structure with a wedge-shaped gap is suitable for photonic integrated circuits based on the hybrid plasmonic passive waveguide, and is a suitable candidate for the photonic devices at nano-scales with nonlinearity. It is also found that the investigated structure can have a longer propagation length of 2120 mm at a 10 nm thick nonlinear dielectric. The minimum effective mode area of the investigated structure is 0.0263 mm2 and the maximum nonlinear coefficient is . Also, the confinement factor of the DDMEBT layer is calculated by changing the wedge angle . It is found that the surface mode has a maximum confinement factor of 0.33 when . The modal and nonlinear properties of the hybrid plasmonic waveguides were analytically determined as well by using the finite element method (FEM). Simulation results show that the wedge-shaped hybrid plasmonic waveguide provides good performance for nonlinear applications such as optical switching at the optical wavelength of .
المصادر:
Oulton RF, Sorger VJ, Genov DA, Pile DF, Zhang X. “A hybrid plasmonic waveguide for subwavelength confinement and long-range propagation”. nature photonics. 2008 Aug;2(8):496-500.
Dai D, He S. “A silicon-based hybrid plasmonic waveguide with a metal cap for a nano-scale light confinement”. Optics express. 2009 Sep 14;17(19):16646-53.
Wu M, Han Z, Van V. “Conductor-gap-silicon plasmonic waveguides and passive components at subwavelength scale”. Optics Express. 2010 May 24;18(11):11728-36.
Sutherland RL. Handbook of nonlinear optics second edition, revised and expanded. OPTICAL ENGINEERING-NEW YORK-MARCEL DEKKER INCORPORATED-. 2003;82.
Kauranen M, Zayats AV. “Nonlinear plasmonics”. Nat Photonics 6 (11): 737–748.
Barnes WL. “Surface plasmon–polariton length scales”: a route to sub-wavelength optics. Journal of optics A: pure and applied optics. 2006 Mar 21;8(4):S87.
Kumar S, Kumar P, Ranjan R. “A metal-cap wedge shape hybrid plasmonic waveguide for nano-scale light confinement and long propagation rang”. Plasmonics. 2022 Feb;17(1):95-105.
Pile DF, Ogawa T, Gramotnev DK, Okamoto T, Haraguchi M, Fukui M, Matsuo S. “Theoretical and experimental investigation of strongly localized plasmons on triangular metal wedges for subwavelength waveguiding”. Applied Physics Letters. 2005 Aug 8;87(6):061106.
Boltasseva A, Volkov VS, Nielsen RB, Moreno E, Rodrigo SG, Bozhevolnyi SI. “Triangular metal wedges for subwavelength plasmon-polariton guiding at telecom wavelengths” Optics express. 2008 Apr 14;16(8):5252-60.
Moreno E, Rodrigo SG, Bozhevolnyi SI, Martín-Moreno L, García-Vidal FJ. “Guiding and focusing of electromagnetic fields with wedge plasmon polaritons”. Physical review letters. 2008 Jan 14;100(2):023901.
Diaz FJ, Li G, de Sterke CM, Kuhlmey BT, Palomba S. “Kerr effect in hybrid plasmonic waveguides”. JOSA B. 2016 May 1;33(5):957-62.
Zhong Q, Fourkas JT. “Optical Kerr effect spectroscopy of simple liquids”. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 2008 Dec 11;112(49):15529-39.
Baehr-Jones TW, Hochberg MJ. “Polymer silicon hybrid systems: A platform for practical nonlinear optics”. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2008 May 29;112(21):8085-90.
Enami Y, Derose CT, Mathine D, Loychik C, Greenlee C, Norwood RA, Kim TD, Luo J, Tian Y, Jen AY, Peyghambarian N. “Hybrid polymer/sol–gel waveguide modulators with exceptionally large electro–optic coefficients”. Nature Photonics. 2007 Mar;1(3):180-5.
Johnson PB, Christy RW. “Optical constants of the noble metals”. Physical review B. 1972 Dec 15;6(12):4370.
Johnson PB, Christy RW. “Optical constants of the noble metals”. Physical review B. 1972 Dec 15;6(12):4370.
Lin Q, Zhang J, Piredda G, Boyd RW, Fauchet PM, Agrawal GP. “Dispersion of silicon nonlinearities in the near infrared region.” Applied physics letters. 2007 Jul 9;91(2):021111.
Agrawal GP. Nonlinear fiber optics: its history and recent progress. JOSA B. 2011 Dec 1;28(12):A1-0.
Zhu J, Ozdemir SK, Xiao YF, Li L, He L, Chen DR, Yang L. “On-chip single nanoparticle detection and sizing by mode splitting in an ultrahigh-Q microresonator”. Nature photonics. 2010 Jan;4(1):46-9.
Arnold S, Keng D, Shopova SI, Holler S, Zurawsky W, Vollmer F. “Whispering gallery mode carousel–a photonic mechanism for enhanced nanoparticle detection in biosensing”. Optics Express. 2009 Apr 13;17(8):6230-8.
Leuthold J, Freude W, Brosi JM, Baets R, Dumon P, Biaggio I, Scimeca ML, Diederich F, Frank B, Koos C. “Silicon organic hybrid technology—A platform for practical nonlinear optics.” Proceedings of the IEEE. 2009 Jun 16;97(7):1304-16.
Afshar S, Monro TM. “A full vectorial model for pulse propagation in emerging waveguides with subwavelength structures part I: Kerr nonlinearity”. Optics express. 2009 Feb 16;17(4):2298-318.
Li G, de Sterke CM, Palomba S. Fig. of “merit for Kerr nonlinear plasmonic waveguides”. Laser & Photonics Reviews. 2016 Jul;10(4):639-46.
Firouzabadi MD, Nikoufard M, Tavakoli MB. “Modifying the Fig. of merit in hybrid plasmonic waveguide for Kerr nonlinear effect”. Indian Journal of Physics. 2020 May;94(5):713-8.
Afshar VS, Monro TM, de Sterke CM. “Understanding the contribution of mode area and slow light to the effective Kerr nonlinearity of waveguides.” Optics express. 2013 Jul 29;21(15):18558-71.
Li G, de Sterke CM, Palomba S. “Performance comparison of Kerr nonlinear plasmonic waveguide configurations”. InBragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides. Optical Society of America 2016 Sep 5 (pp. JM6A-20)..
Chu HS, Bai P, Li EP, Hoefer WR. “Hybrid dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguide-based power splitter and ring resonator: compact size and high optical performance for nanophotonic circuits”. Plasmonics. 2011 Sep;6(3):591-7.
