تدوین دوره روانشناسی مثبت بافتاری و مقایسه اثربخشی آن با دوره آموزش مهارتهای زندگی در کاهش نگرشهای ناکارآمد و بهبود کیفیت زندگی دانشجویان
الموضوعات :
عطا طهرانچی
1
,
محدثه کیوانی
2
1 - 1. استادیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا (ع)، مشهد، ایران
2 - دکترای مشاوره، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: بهزیستی, دانشجویان, روانشناسی مثبت بافتاری, کیفیت زندگی, مهارتهای زندگی, نگرشهای ناکارآمد.,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف اصلی این پژوهش تدوین مداخله ای بر اساس روانشناسی مثبت بافتاری و بررسی اثربخشی آن بر نگرش های ناکارآمد و شاخص های کیفیت زندگی و شادمانی است. در این مطالعه روش پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی می باشد. جامعه آماری شامل دانشجویان ساکن مشهد است. مجموعا هفتاد و دو نفر پس از رضایت آگاهانه به صورت داوطلبانه در این پژوهش شرکت کردند و به صورت تصادفی و برابر در سه گروه برنامه روانشناسی مثبت بافتاری، آموزش مهارتهای زندگی و گروه کنترل قرار گرفتند. شرکت کنندگان در دو مقطع پیش آزمون و پس آزمون به پرسشنامه کیفیت زندگی سازمان بهداشت جهانی (Bonomi et al, 2000)، سیاهه رواندرمانی مثبت (Rashid, 2008)، و مقیاس نگرشهای ناکارآمد (Power et al. 1994) پاسخ دادند. یافته ها نشان دادند که هر دو مداخله اثربخشی بیشتری نسبت به گروه کنترل در کاهش نگرش های ناکارآمد و افزایش نمره کلی کیفیت زندگی، سلامت جسمانی، سلامت روانی، سلامت اجتماعی، و شاخص های شادمانی شامل زندگی لذت گرا، معناگرا و بااشتیاق داشتند. همچنین شرکت کنندگان در برنامه روانشناسی مثبت بافتاری نسبت به برنامه مهارتهای زندگی عملکرد بهتری در کاهش نگرشهای ناکارآمد و افزایش شاخص های شادمانی شامل زندگی لذت گرا، معناگرا و بااشتیاق؛ و افزایش کیفیت زندگی شامل سلامت روانی، سلامت جسمانی و روابط اجتماعی داشتند. در پایان می توان نتیجه گیری کرد که برنامه روانشناسی مثبت بافتاری مبتنی بر مدل بهزیستی اثربخشی مطلوبی در بهبود کیفیت زندگی و بهزیستی دانشجویان دارد. یافته ها نتایج کاربردی برای درمانگران در جمعیت عمومی و بالینی دارد.
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