طراحی و تدوین بسته توانمندسازی ارتباطی-اجتماعی با رویکرد تیچ و پکس و مطالعه اثربخشی آن بر بهداشت جنسی کودکان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم
الموضوعات :
سمیرا افتخاری
1
,
سعید رضایی
2
,
منصوره شهریاری احمدی
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روانشناسی و آموزش کودکان اشتثنایی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه روانشناسی و آموزش كودكان استثنایی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه روانشناسی و آموزش کودکان اشتثنایی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: اختلال طیف اتیسم, بهداشت جنسی, توانمندسازی ارتباطی-اجتماعی, رویکرد تیچ و پکس.,
ملخص المقالة :
کودکان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم به دلیل فقدان مهارتهای اجتماعی در معرض خطر آزار و اذیت جنسی هستند. لذا هدف از اين پژوهش طراحی و تدوین بسته توانمندسازی ارتباطی-اجتماعی با رویکرد تیچ و پکس و مطالعه اثربخشی آن بر بر بهداشت جنسی کودکان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم بود. طرح پژوهشی نیمه آزمایشی از نوع پیش آزمون – پس آزمون و پیگیری 1 ماهه با گروه کنترل بود. جامعۀ آماري این پژوهش شامل تمامی کودکان پسر مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم 6 تا 12 ساله شهر تهران در سال تحصیلی 1401-1400 از مدرسه ویژه اختلال اوتیسم بودند، از بین کل جامعه هدف به روش نمونهگیری در دسترس تعداد 40 نفر مبتلا به اوتیسم با استفاده از مقیاس تشخیص اوتیسم (Gilliam, 1995) انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش(20) و کنترل(20) قرار گرفتند. برای گروه آزمايشی، برنامه تدوین شده توانمندسازی ارتباطی-اجتماعی با رویکرد تیچ و پکس طی 7 جلسه 45 دقيقهاي اجرا شد در حاليکه گروه کنترل هیچ آموزشي دريافت نکردند. ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه بهداشت و رفتار جنسی کودکان طیف اتیسم (Eftekhari et al, 2022) بود. نتایج نشان داد که مداخله توانمندسازی ارتباطی-اجتماعی با رویکرد تیچ و پکس بر بهبود بهداشت و رفتار جنسی در مراحل پسآزمون و پیگیری تاثیر معنیدار داشته است (01/0P<). یافتههاي این پژوهش اطلاعات مفیدي را در ارتباط با بسته توانمندسازی ارتباطی-اجتماعی فراهم میکند و مشاوران و روانشناسان میتوانند براي بهبود بهداشت و رفتار جنسی درکودکان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم از این مداخله استفاده نمایند.
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