تأثیر درمان مرور زندگی مبتنی بر گرایش هستی-شناسی اسلامی بر انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی و تفکر قطعی‌نگر در سالمندان
الموضوعات :
1 - استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: مرور زندگی, انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی, سالمندی, تفکر قطعی‌نگر, هستی‌شناسی,
ملخص المقالة :
سالمندی، مسائل و مشکلاتی مانند انعطاف ناپذیری شناختی و تفکر قطعی نگر را به همراه دارد. با این وجود این موضوع کمتر مورد توجه پژوهشگران قرار گرفته است. بر این اساس هدف اصلی این پژوهش تعیین تأثیر درمان مرور زندگی مبتنی بر گرایش هستی شناسی اسلامی بر انعطاف پذیری شناختی و تفکر قطعی نگر در سالمندان بود. طرح پژوهش به صورت نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون- پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه سالمندان مرکز روزانه نگهداری از سالمندان شهر کرمانشاه بودند. پس از برگزاری پیش آزمون، تعداد 30 نفر از افرادی که کمترین نمرات را در پرسشنامه های انعطاف پذیری شناختی (Dennis & Vander wal, 2010) و بیشترین نمره را در پرسشنامه تفکر قطعی نگر (Younesi & Mirafzal, 2008) کسب کرده بودند، به روش در دسترس انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه (هر گروه 15 نفر) آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند. مداخله مرور زندگی مبتنی بر گرایش هستی شناسی اسلامی با فاصله یک هفته طی مدت سه ماه در 12 جلسه 45 دقیقه ای و هفته ای یک جلسه برگزار شد. بعد از کنترل اثر نمرات پیش آزمون، بین دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل از نظر این متغیرها تفاوت معنی داری مشاهده شد (05/0>P). در مرحله پس آزمون، میانگین نمرات انعطاف پذیری شناختی افزایش و تفکر قطعی نگر کاهش یافت. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، درمان مرور زندگی مبتنی بر گرایش هستی شناسی اسلامی، بر انعطاف پذیری شناختی و تفکر قطعی نگر تأثیر قابل توجهی دارد. بر این اساس، این رویکرد می تواند به عنوان یک ابزار مفید برای بهبود مسائل و کاستی های روان شناختی سالمندان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
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