بررسی اثربخشی آموزش مهارت‌های شناختی- عاطفی بر کاهش گرایش به رفتارهای خشونت‌آمیز دانش‌آموزان پسر مقطع متوسطه
الموضوعات :
آرزو دلفان بیرانوند
1
(دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی تربیتی دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران)
رسول کردنوقابی
2
(دانشیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران)
شهریار مرادی
3
(دکتری روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: دانش‌آموزان پسر, پرخاشگری و خشونت, مهارت‌های شناختی/ عاطفی, نوجوانی,
ملخص المقالة :
این پژوهش باهدف بررسی اثربخشی آموزش مهارت‌های شناختی- عاطفی در کاهش گرایش به رفتارهای خشونت‌آمیز دانش‌آموزان مقطع متوسطه صورت گرفته است. طرح این پژوهش از نوع آزمایشی به شیوۀ پیش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل همۀ دانش‌آموزان پسر دورۀ متوسطۀ استان‌های تهران و همدان که در سال تحصیلی 92- 1391 مشغول به تحصیل بودند. برای انتخاب نمونه در مرحلۀ اول از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای و در مرحلۀ دوم، از روش جایگزینی تصادفی سود برده شد. همچنین به‌منظور افزایش ضریب اطمینان ازنظر کنترل افت آزمودنی‌ها، برای هر گروه 20 در نظر گرفته شد و به شیوه جایگزینی تصادفی افراد در چهار گروه 20 نفری قرار گرفتند. ابتدا پرسش‌نامه خشونت بین فردی (CTS) بر روی دانش‌آموزان مدارس انتخاب‌شده در استان‌های تهران و همدان اجرا شد. سپس، تعداد 80 نفر (هر استان 40 نفر) از آن‌ها که بالاتر از خط برش قرار داشتند انتخاب و به‌صورت تصادفی در گروه‌های آزمایش گروه آزمایش 1 و 2) و گواه (گروه 1 و 2) قرار داده شدند. برنامۀ آموزش مهارت‌های شناختی - عاطفی در قالب یک دورۀ 10 جلسه‌ای (جلسات گروهی 90 دقیقه‌ای) اجرا شد. ابزارهای مورداستفاده در این پژوهش شامل مقیاس‌های خشونت بین فردی (1979 Straus,)، هوش‌بهر هیجانی (Bar-On, 1997)، مقیاس کنترل عواطف (Williams, Chambless, Ahrens, 1997) و نسخه دوم مقیاس شیوه مقابله با تعارض رحیم (Rahim,1997) بودند. نتایج تحلیل کوواریانس نشان داد که آموزش مهارت‌های شناختی – عاطفی به دانش‌آموزان مقطع متوسطه باعث افزایش مهارت‌های خودآگاهی، کنترل خشم و حل مسئله می‌شود. همچنین نتایج بیانگر آن است که آموزش مهارت‌های شناختی – عاطفی بر کاهش گرایش به رفتارهای خشونت‌آمیز (کلامی و عملی) دارای تأثیر مثبت و معنادار است.
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