تحلیل شکل‌گیری تعاملات اجتماعی در مسکن روستایی اقلیم معتدل و مرطوب با استفاده از روش چیدمان فضا در مسکن جلگه‌ای گیلان
الموضوعات :مهرداد رازجو 1 , مهرداد متین 2 , عقیل امامقلی 3
1 - پژوهشگر دکتری تخصصی معماری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار معماری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار معماری، واحد ابهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ابهر، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية:
ملخص المقالة :
چکیده ازدیاد جمعیت، کثرت تنوعات اجتماعی و فرهنگی و در نتیجه کنار گذاشته شدن الگو‌های بومی در طراحی مسکن، ضرورت انجام پژوهش در زمینه رابطه تعاملات اجتماعی و نوع طراحی مسکن را دو چندان کرده است. معماری حاشیه خزر، از نمونه‌های بسیار کارآمد معماری بومی در اقلیم معتدل و مرطوب ایران است که در تعامل و رابطه تنگاتنگ با عوامل محیطی طبیعی و انسانی مانند جغرافیا، اقلیم، اقتصاد، فرهنگ و شرایط اجتماعی به خوبی پاسخگوی کلیه نیازهای اقلیمی، فرهنگی و اجتماعی ساکنین بومی بوده است. سؤال اصلی مقاله حاضر این است که مسکن روستایی اقلیم معتدل و مرطوب در فضای جلگه ای گیلان چگونه بر شکل گیری تعاملات اجتماعی منطقه تاثیرگذار بوده است؟ فرضیه ای را که برای پاسخگویی به سؤال اصلی مقاله در پی آزمون آن هستیم این است که به نظر می‌رسد معماری بومی اقلیم معتدل و مرطوب ایران به دلیل آن که در تعامل متقابل با عوامل محیط طبیعی و انسانی شکل گرفته است نوع خاصی از تعاملات اجتماعی را نیز شکل داده است. روش پژوهش مورد استفاده در مقاله، توصیفی- تحلیلی و برای تبیین یافته های مقاله نیز از نرم افزارهای تخصصی و تکنیک چیدمان فضا استفاده شده است. نمونه‌های مورد مطالعه به صورت غیر تصادفی انتخــاب گردیده و با استفاده از تکنیک چیدمان فضا نمودار توجیهی برای هر نمونه ترسیم و سپس به وسیله روشهای نرم افزاری، مؤلفه‌های تعاملات اجتماعی در سه مقیاس خرد، میانی و کلان، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نتایج به دست آمده نشان می‌دهد که الگوی مسکن روستایی جلگه ای گیلان، دارای ساختار یک لایه و از عمق کمی برخوردار است. ایوان و تالار در معماری خانه‌های روستایی اقلیم معتدل و مرطوب، فضاهایی اجتماع‌پذیر بوده بیشترین ارتباط بین خانه و فضای بیرون از طریق ایوان و دسترسی به سایر فضاها نیز از طریق ایوان و سپس تالار انجام می‌شود. ایوان کم‌عمق و هم‌پیوند‌ترین عنصر فضایی است که وظیفه ارتباطی بین فضای بیرونی و سایر فضاها را داشته و تالار در مرتبه بعدی قرار می‌گیرد. تالار با قرار گیری در عمق میانه و ارتباط کمتر با دیگر فضاها، فضایی نیمه‌خصوصی و مناسب جهت مناسبات و تعاملات اجتماعی را فراهم می‌آورد. Abstract Population growth, plurality of social and cultural diversity and as a result, abandoning canvas patterns in the design of housing, has done the need for research on the relationship between social interactions and the type of housing design is twofold. The Caspian margin architecture is one of the most effective examples of native architecture in the moderate and humid climate of Iran which interacts and closely interacts with natural and human environmental factors like geography, climate, economics, culture, and social conditions, it has responded well to all the climatic, cultural and social needs of indigenous inhabitants. The main question of the present article is that rural housing in a moderate and humid climate in the plain space of Gilan how has the region affected the formation of social interactions? The hypothesis we are testing to answer the main question of the article is that the architecture of the moderate and humid climate of Iran seems to be due to its interaction with natural and human factors, a particular type of interactions Social has also shaped. The research method used in the article is descriptive-analytical and for the explanation of the findings of the article, specialized software and space layout techniques have been used. The samples were randomly selected and using space layout technique, a graph of justification was drawn for each sample, and then by software methods, the components of social interaction in three macro, middle and macro scales were investigated. The results show that the rural housing model of Gilan plain has a single-layer structure with a small depth. Porch and Hall in the architecture of rural houses in a moderate and humid climate, Spaces are social the greatest connection between the home and the outside through the porch and access to other spaces is also done through the porch and then the hall. The porch is the diminutive and interconnected element of space which has a duty to communicate between outer space and other spaces and the hall is next. The hall is located in the middle depth and less connected with other spaces, provides a semi-private space suitable for social relationships and interactions.
References
Abbaszadegan, mostafa(2002). The method of space placement in urban design process, looking at Yazd city.; Modireat shahri; Magazine. No9)in Persian(.
Abtahi, Hosein & Mahroozhan, Armen(1993). Engineering methods.Tehran. Qomes Publicatio)in Persian(.
Aghebatbrkheir, hamed& Moharrami, samin(2010). Rural Housing Design Case Study "Caspian Area". Tehran. Jamejam; Publicatio)in Persian(.
Altman, Arion)2003). Environment and social behaviors. Translation; Ali; Namaziyan, Tehran, Publicatio of SHahid Beheshty; Univercity)in Persian(.
Azimi, naser(2006). Encyclopedia of Guilan Culture and Civilization. Geophysics of Gilan. Rasht. Iliya; Publicatio)in Persian(.
Daneshpoor; abdolhadi& CHarkhchiyan; Maryam(2007). Public spaces and factors affecting collective life; Bagh nazar; Magazine. No6)in Persian(.
Fergas; jozef(1994). Psychology of Social Interaction: Interpersonal Behavior. Translator, Kheshayar Beygi& Mehrdad Firoozbakht. Tehran. Abjad; Publicatio)in Persian(.
GHanbaran; abdolhamid & Jafari, marziyeh(2014). Investigating the Factors Affecting the Promotion of Social Interactions among Residents of Residential Neighborhoods; Case Study; Neighborhood Darake of tehran. Tehran. Scientific Society of Architecture and Urban Development of Iran; Magazine no57)in Persian(.
Gorji, yoosef & Daneshvar, limiya(2010). Climate Impact on the Formation of Traditional Guilan Architecture Elements. Tehran. Arman shahr; Magazine. No4)in Persian(.
Grut, lhnda(1995). Research Methods in Architecture. Translation; Ali Reza Einifar. Tehran. Tehran University; Publicatio)in Persian(.
Hillier, bil(2002). Arbitrary art, or the need for an architectural analytical theory. Translation; Reza Masoodinejad.Abadi; Magazine. No14)in Persian(.
Holl, G. (1997). Hidden next. Translated; Manouchehr Tabibian. Tehran. Tehran University; Publicatio)in Persian(.
KHakpoor, mozhghan(2007). Architecture of Gilan Houses; Rasht; Iliya Publicatio)in Persian(.
KHodabakhshi, sahar & Samiee, amir & Arabi, roozbeh(2014). Application of space layout technique in architecture; National Conference on Architecture, Civil Engineering and Urban Development, Tabriz)in Persian(.
Kooper, Z. (2005). Philosophical Foundations and Psychology of Space Perception. Translation; Arash Arbab Jalfaee. Tehran.KHak; Publicatio)in Persian(.
Lang, yan(2002). Creation of architectural theory. Translation; Ali Reza Einifar. Tehran. Tehran University; Publicatio)in Persian(.
Memariyan, gholamhosein & Feyzi, Mohsen & Kamalpoor, hesam & Moosaviyan, mohammad farid(2012). Formation and spatial configuration of indigenous humans; Comparative Comparison of Arranging the Guest Space in Kerman's Traditional Houses. Maskan mohit roosta; Magazine. No138)in Persian(.
Memariyan, gholamhosein(2002). Syntax of architectural space. Soffeh; Magazine. No35.
Moosavi, Anahita & CHehreara, Maryam(2016). Museum of Rural Heritage of Guilan. Rasht. Cultural heritage organization of tourism and crafts)in Persian(.
Neman, Oscar(2015). Create a defenseless space. Translation; Faezeh Stoigi &Kaveh Saber. Tehran. Tahan; Publicatio)in Persian(.
Peyvastegar, Jacob & Heidary, Aliakbar, & kiyaee, Maryam(2016). Evaluation of the role of the yard in the performance of the house; Soffeh; Magazine. No73)in Persian(.
Rahnamaee, mohammadtaghi(2000). Regional design of Gilan and Mazandaran. Tehran. Urbanization and Architecture Studies and Research Center)in Persian(.
Rapaport(2012). Meaning of built environment: a non-verbal communication approach; Translation; Farah Habib; Tehran. Tehran Municipality's Technology and Communications Organization Publications)in Persian(.
Rapaport(2013). Anthropology of Housing. Translation; Khosrow Afzalian. Tehran.Ketabkadeh kasra; Publicatio)in Persian(.
Rismanchiyan, omid & Poordeihimi, shahram & Didehban, mohammad(2013). The relationship between "cognitive properties" and "configuration" of the artistic environment, an experiment in Dezful. Tehran. Motaleat memari iran; Magazine. no4)in Persian(.
Rismanchiyan, omid & Saymon, bel(2010).
Applied Knowledge of Space Layout Method in Understanding Urban Space Formation.Tehran. Honarhaye ziba; Magazine. No56)in Persian(.
Rismanchiyan, omid(2011). Strategic approach to pedestrian pedestrian management. Bagh nazar; Magazine. No8)in Persian(.
SHooltz(2012). Soul of the place. Translation; Mohammad Reza Shirazi. Tehran. Rokhdad no; Publicatio)in Persian(.
Taleghani, Mahmood(2010). Mohtasham talab House. The heritage of rural architecture in Gilan; West plain. Tehran. Moeen; Publicatio)in Persian(.
Taleghani, Mahmood(2011). Moosazadeh House. The heritage of rural architecture in Gilan; West plain. Tehran. Moeen; Publicatio)in Persian(.
Taleghani, Mahmood(2011). Tarabi House. The heritage of rural architecture in Gilan; West mountain. Tehran. Moeen; Publicatio)in Persian(.
Yazdanfar, abbas(2009). Analysis of spatial structure of Tabriz city in the range of the market using the spsyntex technique. Tehran. Rah& Sakhteman Magazine. No76)in Persian(.
Latin References
Amorim, L. (1997), The sector’s paradigm: Understanding modern functionalism and its effects in configuring domestic space, Proceeding of the 1th International Space Syntax Symposium, Apr, University College London, London.
Bustard, W. (1997), Space Evolution and Function in the Houses of Chaco Canyon, Proceedings of the 1th International Symposium on Space Syntax, London.
Erika, A. (2015), Physical integration and ethnic housing segregation, Proceedings of the 10th International Space Syntax Symposium, London.
Fanger, PO. (1972), Thermal comfort: analysis and applications in environmental engineering. New York, McGraw-Hill.
Hanson, J. (2003), Decoding of Homes and Houses. 1st Edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Hillier, B., Honson, J. & Graham, H. (1987), Ideas are in things: an Application of space syntax method to discovering house genotype, Environment and Planning B, Planning and Design.
Hillier, B. (2007), Space is the Machine, A Configurational Theory of Architecture, Space Syntax Laboratory, London.
Hillier, B., Hanson, J. &Peponis, J. (1987), Syntactic analysis of settlements. Architecture and Behavior 3.
Hilier, B. & Hanson, J. (1984), The Social Logic Of Space, Cambridge University Press, London.
Manum, B. (2009), A-graph complementary software for axial-line Analysis In: Proceeding of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden.
Hillier, B. (2007), Space is the machine, A configurational theory of architecture, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mostafa. A., F, Hassan. (2013), Mosque layout design:An analytical study of mosque layouts in the early Ottoman period, Frontiers of Architectural Research.
Steadman, P. (1983), Architectural Morphology: An Introduction to the Geometry of Building Plannin,1st Edn, Pion, London.
