مکان‌یابی ایستگاه‌های آتش‌نشانی با به کارگیری مدلAHP و روش فازی (مطالعه موردی: شهر اصفهان)
الموضوعات :
1 - استاديار گروه مهندسی نقشه¬برداری، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه مهندسی عمران و نقشه برداری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: آتش‌نشانی, فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی, سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی, منطق فازی, اصفهان,
ملخص المقالة :
یکی از مراکز خدماتی که نقش عمده‌ای در شهر داشته و ضامن ایمنی بیشتر برای حیات بشری است، مرکز آتش‌نشانی است. مکان‌یابی به عنوان یکی از تحلیل‌های مکان‌محور تأثیر فراوانی در کاهش هزینه‌های ایجاد و راه‌اندازی فعالیت‌های مختلف شهری بخصوص مکان‌یابی ایستگاه‌های آتش‌نشانی دارد. در این مطالعه با روشی نوین به مکان‌یابی ایستگاه‌های آتش‌نشانی در شهر اصفهان پرداخته شده است. در روش پیشنهادی ابتدا با بررسی عوامل مؤثر در مکان‌یابی ایستگاه‌های آتش‌نشانی، لایه‌های رقومی موردنظر ایجاد و وارد محیط GIS گردید، سپس با به کارگیری مدلAHP ، به مکان‌یابی محل مناسب ایستگاه‌های آتش‌نشانی پرداخته شد. در این بین، استاندارد سازی لایه ها به روش فازی که یکی از روش‌های مهم در استاندارد سازی داده‌های مکان‌محور بشمار می‌آید، صورت گرفت. بر اساس نتایج حاصله، بیشترین نواحی شناسایی شده برای استقرار ایستگاه‌های آتش‌نشانی در مناطق شمال غربی منطقه مورد مطالعه قرار دارند که تمرکز جمعیت و واحدهای تجاری- اقتصادی در آنها نسبت به مناطق مرکزی کمتر است. به طور کل، متوسط اندازه نواحی شناسایی شده به طور متوسط برابر با 500 متر مربع بدست آمد، که می‌بایست برای انتخاب هر یک، به نوع، شدت فعالیت و گستره‌ی عملیاتی آنها در تعامل با سایر ایستگاه‌های آتش‌نشانی توجه شود. از بین کاربری‌های شهری پنج کاربری عمده در ارتباط با مکان ایستگاه‌های آتش‌نشانی از نظر نوع همسایگی ناسازگار شناخته شده‌اند که از بین آنها ضابطه کاربری‌های بهداشتی و درمانی با 37 درصد وزن نرمال بیشترین نقش و ترمینال بین شهری با 6 درصد وزن نرمال کمترین نقش را در مکان‌یابی ایستگاه‌های آتش نشانی ایفا نمودند.
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