سنجش و ارزیابی ابعاد کالبدی تابآوری شهری در برابر زلزله (مطالعه موردی: منطقه 7 شهر تهران)
الموضوعات :صدیقه لطفی 1 , عامر نیک پور 2 , فاطمه اکبری 3
1 - استاد گروه جغرافیا برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.
2 - دانشیارگروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری،دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: منطقه 7 تهران, زلزله, مدل تاپسیس, مدل FANP, تابآوری کالبدی,
ملخص المقالة :
موضوع ایمنی شهرها در برابر مخاطرات طبیعی یکی از اهداف اصلی برنامه ریزی شهری است، لذا پژوهش در خصوص تابآوری شهری و شناخت میزان تاب آوری آنها در مقابل مخاطرات طبیعی بسیار ضروری است. مطالعه حاضر به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و به لحاظ روش توصیفی - تحلیلی است.. برای تجزیه تحلیل داده‌ها از مدل‌های FANP و تاپسیس و نرم افزارهای SPSS ,Excel, DECISION SUPER ,وGIS ARC استفاده شد. بدین منظور پس از مرور بر متون نظری و تجربی مرتبط شاخص‌های تبیین کننده تابآوری کالبدی شناسایی و انتخاب شدند. ابتدا تحلیل عاملی با شاخص‌های منتخب انجام شد تا ابعاد نشانگر موضوع مورد بررسی، شناسایی و استخراج شوند. در مرحله بعد از روش تحلیل شبکه‌ای استفاده شد تا ضریب اهمیت نسبی شاخص‌های تبیین کننده تابآوری کالبدی محاسبه شود. درنهایت از مدل تاپسیس جهت تحلیل داده‌ها و محاسبه میزان تابآوری منطقه 7 شهر تهران استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی نشان داد که می توان 14 شاخص را در 5 عامل خلاصه کرد در این میان عامل اول و دوم بیشترین تاثیر را در تابآوری کالبدی منطقه 7 شهر تهران داشتند. با جای‌گذاری و بارهای عاملی بدست آمده از تحلیل عاملی در فرآیند شبکه ضریب اهمیت شاخص‌ها بدست آمد به طوری که شاخص‌های دسترسی به معابر دارای عرض مناسب و دسترسی به فضای سبز با ضریب110/0 بیشترین تاثیر را بر تابآوری کالبدی منطقه 7 شهر تهران داشتند.
References
- Ainuddin, S., Routray, Jayant Kumar.2012, Community resilience framework for an earthquake in Baluchistan, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2, 25-36.
-Asadzadeh, A., Kötter, T., & Zebardast, E. (2015). An augmented approach for measurement of disaster resilience using connective factor analysis and analytic network process (F’ANP) model. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 14, 504-518.
-AghaMohammadi, Ali and Ghiasvand, Abolfazl (2014), Resilience; Risk Management Approach, Tehran: Supreme National Defense University [In Persian].
-Azizi, Mohammad Mehdi, Reza Akbari (2008) Urban planning considerations in measuring the vulnerability of cities to earthquakes, using the method of hierarchical hierarchy analysis and geographic information system, Journal of Fine Arts, No. 34, pp. 36-25 [In Persian].
-Bahreini, Hossein (1996), Land use planning in earthquake-prone areas, a case study of the cities of Manjil Loshan and Rudbar, Islamic Revolutionary Housing Foundation: Tehran [In Persian].
-Burton.2012. The Development of Metrics for Community Resilience to Natural Disasters, Ph.D. Thesis, Geography college of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina.
-Cutter, S. L., Johnson, L. A., Finch, C., & Berry, M. (2007). The US hurricane coasts: increasingly vulnerable? Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 49(7), 8-21.
-Cutter, S. L., Christopher G. Burton, and Christopher T. Emrich. (2010). “Disaster Resilience Indicators for Benchmarking Baseline Conditions.” Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management 7(1): 1-22.
-Cangelosi, E. (2015). Reshaping space and relation: Urban gardening in a time of crisis. Partecipazione e conflitto, 8(2), 392-416. Doi: 10. 1285/i20356609v8i2p392.
-Dadashpour, Hashem; Adeli, Zeinab (2015), Measuring Resilience Capacities in Qazvin Urban Complex, Scientific and Research Quarterly Journal of Crisis Management, Volume 4, Number 2, pp. 73-84 [In Persian].
-Godschalk, D. R. (2003). Urban hazard mitigation: creating resilient cities. Natural hazards review, 4(3), 136-143.
- Fallah, Masoud; Masoud, Mohammad; Bonyadi, Naser & Ghalehnouei, Mahmoud. (2019) Explaining the flexible urban space indicators in coastal cities using Delfi model (A case study od Ramsar and Babolsar), Quarterly Journal of New perspectives in Human Geography, Volume 12. Number 1, Pp. 741-763. [In Persian].
- Habibi, Kiomars; Meshgini, Abolfazl; Asgari, Ali; Nazari Adli, Saeed (2008), Determining the effective structural factors in the vulnerability of Zanjan's ancient urban fabric using GIS and Fuzzy Logic, Journal of Fine Arts, Volume 33, Number 33, pp. 27-36 [In Persian].
-Klein, R. J., Nicholls, R. J., & Thomalla, F. (2003). Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept? Global environmental change part B: environmental hazards, 5(1), 35-45.
-Kobe city council. (2008). Lessons Learned from the great Hanshin Awaji earthquake case, Kobe, Japan.
- Langarneshin, Ali; Arghan, Abas & Karakehabadi, Zainab. (2019) Measuring the indicators and patterns affecting the resilience of urban fabrics (A case study of northern Janatabad, Tajrish and Ferdoosi, Tehran) Quarterly Journal of New perspectives in Human Geography, Volume 11. Number 3, Pp. 245-270. [In Persian].
- Mayunga, J. S. (2007). Understanding and applying the concept of community disaster resilience: a capital-based approach. Summer academy for social vulnerability and resilience building, 1(1), 1-16.
-Mousavi, Seyedeh Fatemeh (2005), Urban Planning Measures to Reduce the city's Vulnerability to Earthquake, Study Example: Chalous City, Master's Thesis in Urban and Regional Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology [In Persian].
-Normandin, J. M., Therrien, M. C., & Tanguay, G. A. (2010, June). City strength in times of turbulence: strategic resilience indicators. In Proc. of the Joint Conference on City Futures, Madrid (pp. 4-6).
-Rezaei, Mohammad Reza (2010), Explaining the resilience of urban communities to reduce the effects of natural disasters (earthquakes); a case study of Tehran metropolis, doctoral dissertation in geography and urban planning, Tarbiat Modares University [In Persian].
-Rafieian, Mojtaba; Rezaei, Mohammad Reza; Asgari, Ali; Parhizkar, Akbar and Shayan, Siavash (2011), Explaining the concept of Taiwan and its indexing in community-based accident management (CBDM), Journal of Spatial Planning and Planning, Volume 85, Number 4, pp. 19-41 [In Persian].
-Shia, Ismail; Habibi Kiomars; Torabi, Kamal (2010), Investigating the Vulnerability of Earthquakes to Earthquakes Using Reverse Hierarchical Analysis (IHWP) and GIS, Case Study of District 6 of Tehran Municipality, 4th Congress of Islamic Geographers, Zahedan [In Persian].
-Sharifzadegan, Mohammad Hossein; Fathi Hamid (2008). Design and Application of Spatial Models for Seismic Vulnerability Assessment and Analysis in Urban Planning and Management, Safa Magazine, Volume 17, Number 46, 124-109 [In Persian].
-Sharifnia, Fatemeh (2012) Investigating the Relationship between Urban Land Use and Earthquake Resilience and Providing Strategies for Urban Planning Case Study: District 10 of Tehran, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran [In Persian].
-Trondheim R. J, (2002). Reducing Disaster Vulnerability through Local Knowledge and capacity: The Case of Earthquake prone rural communities in India and Nepal. Dr.ing Thesis, Norwegian University of science and Technology, Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art Department of Town and Regional Planning.
-Verrucci, E., Rossetto, T., Twigg, J., & Adams, B. J. (2012, September). Multi-disciplinary indicators for evaluating the seismic resilience of urban areas. In Proceedings of 15th world conference earthquake engineering, Lisbon.
-Zabrdast, Esfandiar (2007), In the Journal of Urban Planning Methods, Faculty of Urban Planning, Campus of Fine Arts, University of Tehran [In Persian].
-Zabrdast, Esfandiar (2012), Application of FANP model in urban planning, Journal of Fine Arts - Architecture and Urban Planning, Volume 19, Number 2, pp. 23-38 [In Persian].
- ZandMoghadam, Mohahmadreza (2018), Investigating the location of crisis management bases in zone 11 of Tehran Municipality, Quarterly Journal of New perspectives in Human Geography, Volume 10. Number 4, Pp. 295-314. [In Persian].
- Zangiabadi, Ali; Mohammadi, Jamal; Safaei Homayoun and Qaed Rahmati, Safar (2008) Analysis of urban vulnerability indicators against earthquake risk Case study: Isfahan Housing, Journal of Geography and Development, Volume 6, Number 12, pp. 79-61 [In Persian].
-Ziari, Keramatullah; Darab Khani, Rasoul (2010) A Study of Urban Tissue Vulnerability to Earthquake, Study: District 11 of Tehran Municipality, Journal of Geographical Research, Volume 25, Number 4, pp. 48-25 [In Persian].
