ارزش اکولوژیکی اکوسیستمهای در معرض خطر مانگرو
الموضوعات :
مریم مصلحی
1
(استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندر عباس، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
الکلمات المفتاحية: مانگرو, خطوط ساحلی, فعالیت بشری, ارزش اکولوژیکی,
ملخص المقالة :
هر اکوسیستمی با فراهم نمودن فواید و خدمات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم، زندگی جانداران را حمایت میکنند. در بین این اکوسیستمها، جنگلهای مانگرو یکی از پربارترین اکوسیستمها در این سیاره هستند. این جنگلهای جالب توجه، یکی از با ارزشترین اکوسیستمهای ساحلی است که نه تنها یک منبع غذایی برای انسان و جانوران فراهم میکند بلکه در حفاظت و ثبات خطوط ساحلی (با افزایش پیوستگی خاک)، جلوگیری از فرسایش و کنترل آب و هوا نقش عمدهای دارد و زیستگاهی مناسب برای تولیدمثل انواع متفاوتی از ماهیها، خرچنگها، دوزیستها و خانهای ایمن برای بعضی از پستانداران، پرندگان و بندپایان فراهم میکند. مانگرو مانند یک حصار در برابر بلایای طبیعی (سیکلونها، طوفان و تسونامی) عمل نموده و جایگاهی ایمن برای جوامع ساحلی فراهم میکند. باوجود کاربریهای حفاظتی، زیست‌محیطی و زیستگاهی که این جنگلها دارند همچنان در معرض تهدیدهای ناشی از دستاندازیهای انسانی قرار دارند که در نتیجه آن، تنوع گونهای و سطوح جنگلهای مانگرو در بسیاری از نواحی، با نرخ سریعی در حال کاهش است. بنابراین هدف از این تحقیق، آگاه نمودن محققین و ساکنین خطوط ساحلی از فواید اکولوژیکی (حفاظتی، زیست‌محیطی و زیستگاهی) جنگلهای مانگرو و بکارگیری استراتژی و مدیریت صحیح جهت حفظ این زیستگاههای کمیاب و ارزش مند از تخریب بیش تر میباشد. این مطالعه بهصورت مروری بر مطالعات منتشرشده انجام گرفت. بهمنظور حفاظت از اکوسیستمهای مانگرو در مقابل تخریب بیش تر، جذب سرمایهگذاریهای خصوصی و دولتی در جهت استفاده از فنآوریهای سبز مقرون بهصرفه همراه با آگاهسازی ساکنین ساحلی برای ایجاد یک استراتژی مدیریتی صحیح ضرورت دارد
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