مدیریت ریسک مخاطرات زیستمحیطی از طریق بیمه
الموضوعات :
اسماء حمزه
1
(استادیار پژوهشکده بیمه، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
تاريخ الإرسال : 04 الثلاثاء , ربيع الثاني, 1443
تاريخ التأكيد : 26 الجمعة , شوال, 1443
تاريخ الإصدار : 04 الخميس , ذو الحجة, 1444
الکلمات المفتاحية:
بیمه زیست محیطی,
مدیریت ریسک,
ریسک زیست محیطی,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: ریسک زیستمحیطی از لحاظ تجربی، شامل احتمال و شدت یک رویداد بالقوه است که تأثیر نامطلوبی بر محیط زیست دارد. ریسک زیستمحیطی ممکن است علاوه بر وارد کردن خسارت به محیط زیست، منجر به آسیب به اشخاص یا اموال آن‌ها نیز شود. لذا صنعت بیمه در پاسخ به ویژگی‌های پیچیده و واقعی ریسک آلودگی زیستمحیطی، روش های جدیدی را برای حل مسئله این پدیده خاص در جهان، توسعه داده است. بیمه زیستمحیطی به عنوان ابزاری برای به عهده گرفتن مسئولیت مخاطرات زیستمحیطی ناشی از فعالیت‌های صنعتی می‌باشد که در آن چه فرد بیمه‌شده و چه شخص ثالث، با هدف پوشش خسارات مرتبط به آن‌ها، مشخص می‌شوند. این نوع بیمه یک راهکار بازار محور برای کاهش هزینه‌های عملیاتی شرکت‌ها، کاهش هزینه‌های دولتی و پیشرفت در توسعه اقتصادی می‌باشد.
روش بررسی: در این پژوهش از روش توصیفی، اکتشافی و توضیحی استفاده می‌شود. پس از تبیین ابعاد موضوع و ارائه نمایی کلی از انواع ریسک‌ها و خسارت‌های ناشی از مخاطرات زیستمحیطی، سعی شد تا با تکیه بر تجارب بین‌المللی انواع پوشش‌های زیستمحیطی استخراج گردد. جهت دستیابی به نتایج مورد نظر، به بررسی و تحلیل محتوا اسناد مکتوب و تجارب مستندشده بین‌المللی پرداخته شد.
یافته‌ها: الزامات و ساختارهای موردنیاز برای ارائه انواع پوشش‌های بیمه زیست محیطی در کشور هنوز مهیا نیست. پیاده‌سازی بیمه‌گری مقدماتی در بیمه مسئولیت آلودگی زیستمحیطی به غلبه بر برخی از مشکلات، نیاز دارد. این مشکلات معمولاً به عواملی مرتبط است که فرایند بیمه‌گری را پیچیده می‌کنند. با توجه به اینکه در حال حاضر پژوهش منجسم در این زمینه در کشور انجام نشده است، این پژوهش به بررسی ریسک‌ها و انواع پوشش‌های بیمه زیستمحیطی در بازار بیمه جهان می‌پردازد تا نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق راه‌گشای مدیران و کارشناسان در ارتقاء شناخت و تلاش برای ارائه این پوشش باشد.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: برای گسترش ظرفیت بیمه‌گری در بیمه مسئولیت آلودگی زیستمحیطی و کاهش ریسک جبران خسارت بیمه‌گران، این پژوهش انجام شد تا بتواند جهت استفاده در بازار بیمه کشور و کاهش آسیب‌های اقتصادی ناشی از آن کمک‌کننده باشد. لذا، تقسیم‌بندی انواع ریسک زیستمحیطی، قابلیت بیمه شدن ریسک زیست محیطی، انواع پوشش بیمه زیست محیطی، نمونه‌هایی از مدل‌های ارزیابی و قیمت‌گذاری ریسک زیست محیطی و روش‌های انتقال ریسک آن بیان گردید.
المصادر:
Lotf Alipour, Mohammad Reza, Fallahi, Mohammad Ali, Bastam, Morteza (2013) "Investigation of environmental issues and prediction of carbon dioxide emissions in Iran's economy", Scientific Quarterly of Applied Economic Studies of Iran, 3, 81-109. (In Persian)
Parsa, Priya, Sadeghi, Zain al-Abidin, Jalai Esfandabadi, Seyyed Abdul Majid (2014). "Analysis of the growth of environmental productivity of production factors using the distance function in the provinces of Iran", Scientific Quarterly of Applied Economic Studies of Iran, 4, 1-24. (In Persian)
Aon’s Commercial Risk Solutions Environmental Insurance Market Update 2019.
Ha, M., & Schleiger, R. (2021). Types of Environmental Hazards. https://bio.libretexts.org/@go/page/31632.
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Lakritz, T.,(2019). “Top 9 deadliest manmade disasters in the past 50 years”. Insider.
Zulqader, Majid (2013). "Environmental Liability Insurance and Risks (Part I)", Research Institute of Human Sciences and Cultural Studies, Comprehensive Portal of Human Sciences. (In Persian)
Tehrani, Mahnaz (2013b), environmental risk management through insurance, the first national conference on environmental protection and planning, Hamadan. (In Persian)
Behrosh, Mehdi and Mehdi, Atefeh, (2014). "Environmental pollution insurability in the light of the principles of international environmental law", the third national conference on sustainable agriculture and natural resources, Tehran, https://civilica.com/doc/417005 (In Persian)
Gandami, Sinai, (2014). "Environmental insurance in the oil and gas industry", Tehran University master's thesis. (In Persian)
Hatami Sharifabadi, Saleh, Mousavifard, Reza, Malkouti, Seyed Kazem (2015), "Comparative analysis of the role of insurance in environmental risk management", the second conference on environmental sciences, engineering and technologies, Tehran, https://civilica. com/doc/585126. (In Persian)
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Boire, G., (2007). “Environmental Insurance Products UNEP Finance Initiative SVP”. Marsh Environmental Practice.
Misheva, I., (2015). “The Underwriting Process in the Environmental Pollution Liability Insurance for Enterprises with Hazardous Waste Production”. Economic Alternatives, (4), 34-46.
Sukhorukova, I. V., & Chistyakova, N. A. (2020). “Mathematical model for assessing environmental risk”. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 828, No. 1, p. 012027). IOP Publishing.
March (2020). Environmental Liability Insurance Market Recap, https://www.marsh.com/au/services/insurance-market-and-placement/insights/environmental-liability-insurance-market-recap-2020.html.
NAIC (2021). Environmental Insurance, https://content.naic.org/cipr_topics/topic_environmental_insurance.htm.
Tehrani, Mahnaz (2013a), environmental liability insurance. (In Persian)
Setreg Dareh Shui, Majid. Abidpour, Mahmoud. Delavi, Mohammad Reza (2004), "Risk Management", first edition, Brin Academic Institute. (In Persian)
Khaqani Borojni, Mateen (2012). "Compensation for environmental damage in Iranian law and international conventions". Master's thesis, Allameh Mohaddes Nouri Institute of Higher Education, Faculty of Economics. (In Persian)
Ukela (2013). Environmental damage compensation. Insurer’s perspectives, Willis.
Warman, C., (2016) “Managing Environmental Risks and Liabilities-Environmental impairment Liability Insurance” , Marsh, Environmental Practice Leader for EMEA.
Jones, S., K.,(2001). “Environmental pollution insurance: A fluid and ever-changing market”.
Boggs, C., J., (2008). “Pollution and Remediation Legal Liability”.
, K.E., (2006). “Property Transactions & Environmental Risk Using Environmental Insurance to Make a Deal Work”. http://www.aon.com/environmental.
OECD (2003). “Insurance: a Comparative Analysis of the Role of Insurance in the Management of Environment-Related Risks”, The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France.
Brownfield Technology Support Center (1999). “Assessment of environmental liability insurance options for cleanup activities”.
, G A., (1996). Basics of environmental insurance (Moscow:: Nauka) 192 p.
Hagendorff B, Hagendorff J, Keasey K, Gonzalez A., (2014). The risk implications of insurance securitization: the case of catastrophe bonds. J Corp Finan 25:387–402.
Bantwal VJ, Knreuther HC., (2000). A cat bond premium puzzle? J Psychol Finance Markets 1(1):76–9.
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Lotf Alipour, Mohammad Reza, Fallahi, Mohammad Ali, Bastam, Morteza (2013) "Investigation of environmental issues and prediction of carbon dioxide emissions in Iran's economy", Scientific Quarterly of Applied Economic Studies of Iran, 3, 81-109. (In Persian)
Parsa, Priya, Sadeghi, Zain al-Abidin, Jalai Esfandabadi, Seyyed Abdul Majid (2014). "Analysis of the growth of environmental productivity of production factors using the distance function in the provinces of Iran", Scientific Quarterly of Applied Economic Studies of Iran, 4, 1-24. (In Persian)
Aon’s Commercial Risk Solutions Environmental Insurance Market Update 2019.
Ha, M., & Schleiger, R. (2021). Types of Environmental Hazards. https://bio.libretexts.org/@go/page/31632.
The national work health and safety, and workers compensation authority, https://www.comcare.gov.au/safe-healthy-work/prevent-harm/psychosocial-hazards.
Lakritz, T.,(2019). “Top 9 deadliest manmade disasters in the past 50 years”. Insider.
Zulqader, Majid (2013). "Environmental Liability Insurance and Risks (Part I)", Research Institute of Human Sciences and Cultural Studies, Comprehensive Portal of Human Sciences. (In Persian)
Tehrani, Mahnaz (2013b), environmental risk management through insurance, the first national conference on environmental protection and planning, Hamadan. (In Persian)
Behrosh, Mehdi and Mehdi, Atefeh, (2014). "Environmental pollution insurability in the light of the principles of international environmental law", the third national conference on sustainable agriculture and natural resources, Tehran, https://civilica.com/doc/417005 (In Persian)
Gandami, Sinai, (2014). "Environmental insurance in the oil and gas industry", Tehran University master's thesis. (In Persian)
Hatami Sharifabadi, Saleh, Mousavifard, Reza, Malkouti, Seyed Kazem (2015), "Comparative analysis of the role of insurance in environmental risk management", the second conference on environmental sciences, engineering and technologies, Tehran, https://civilica. com/doc/585126. (In Persian)
Agharezi, Mustafa. Ghanborund, Hamid. Jafarian Dioklaei, Marzieh (2016). Insurance as a mechanism for environmental risk management, 24th National Insurance and Development Conference, Tehran. (In Persian)
UNEP Finance Initiative. (2003). “Risk, the Environment, and the Role of the Insurance Industry”. Geneva: UNEP.
OECD (2004), “Environmental Risks and Insurance A Comparative Analysis of the Role of Insurance in the Management of Environment-Related Risks”, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264105522-2-en.
Boire, G., (2007). “Environmental Insurance Products UNEP Finance Initiative SVP”. Marsh Environmental Practice.
Misheva, I., (2015). “The Underwriting Process in the Environmental Pollution Liability Insurance for Enterprises with Hazardous Waste Production”. Economic Alternatives, (4), 34-46.
Sukhorukova, I. V., & Chistyakova, N. A. (2020). “Mathematical model for assessing environmental risk”. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 828, No. 1, p. 012027). IOP Publishing.
March (2020). Environmental Liability Insurance Market Recap, https://www.marsh.com/au/services/insurance-market-and-placement/insights/environmental-liability-insurance-market-recap-2020.html.
NAIC (2021). Environmental Insurance, https://content.naic.org/cipr_topics/topic_environmental_insurance.htm.
Tehrani, Mahnaz (2013a), environmental liability insurance. (In Persian)
Setreg Dareh Shui, Majid. Abidpour, Mahmoud. Delavi, Mohammad Reza (2004), "Risk Management", first edition, Brin Academic Institute. (In Persian)
Khaqani Borojni, Mateen (2012). "Compensation for environmental damage in Iranian law and international conventions". Master's thesis, Allameh Mohaddes Nouri Institute of Higher Education, Faculty of Economics. (In Persian)
Ukela (2013). Environmental damage compensation. Insurer’s perspectives, Willis.
Warman, C., (2016) “Managing Environmental Risks and Liabilities-Environmental impairment Liability Insurance” , Marsh, Environmental Practice Leader for EMEA.
Jones, S., K.,(2001). “Environmental pollution insurance: A fluid and ever-changing market”.
Boggs, C., J., (2008). “Pollution and Remediation Legal Liability”.
, K.E., (2006). “Property Transactions & Environmental Risk Using Environmental Insurance to Make a Deal Work”. http://www.aon.com/environmental.
OECD (2003). “Insurance: a Comparative Analysis of the Role of Insurance in the Management of Environment-Related Risks”, The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France.
Brownfield Technology Support Center (1999). “Assessment of environmental liability insurance options for cleanup activities”.
, G A., (1996). Basics of environmental insurance (Moscow:: Nauka) 192 p.
Hagendorff B, Hagendorff J, Keasey K, Gonzalez A., (2014). The risk implications of insurance securitization: the case of catastrophe bonds. J Corp Finan 25:387–402.
Bantwal VJ, Knreuther HC., (2000). A cat bond premium puzzle? J Psychol Finance Markets 1(1):76–9.
