مروری بر بیماری های انسانی مربوط به آب های زیرزمینی و نقش عوامل هیدروژئولوژیک در تقابل با آن ها

الموضوعات :

نجات زیدعلی نژاد ¹ (کارشناس منابع آب شرکت آب منطقه‌ای لرستان، لرستان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
زهره رامک ² (کارشناس منابع آب شرکت آب منطقه‌ای لرستان، لرستان، ایران.)

تاريخ الإرسال : 14 الخميس , ذو القعدة, 1442 تاريخ التأكيد : 18 الأربعاء , جمادى الأولى, 1443 تاريخ الإصدار : 28 الخميس , جمادى الأولى, 1444

الکلمات المفتاحية: آلاینده, هیدروژئولوژی, عوامل بیماری‌زا, آبخوان, آب‌های زیرزمینی,

ملخص المقالة :

زمینه و هدف: علی رغم اینکه آب های سطحی نسبت به آب های زیرزمینی بیش تر در معرض آلودگی و عوامل بیماری زا قرار دارند، امروزه مشخص شده است آب های زیرزمینی نه تنها ممکن است عامل ایجاد بیماری در انسان باشند، بلکه می توانند باعث آلودگی آب های سطحی نیز شوند. با این وجود، تاکنون مطالعات اندکی بیماری های مربوط به آب های زیرزمینی را بررسی کرده اند. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی عوامل بیماری زا و بیماری های مربوط به آب های زیرزمینی و نقش عوامل هیدروژئولوژیک در تقابل با آن ها است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه از مقالات مختلف، به خصوص مطالعات موردی، که بیماری های مربوط به آب های زیرزمینی را بررسی کرده اند استفاده شد. یافته ها: آب های زیرزمینی ممکن است منشأ بسیاری از بیماری ها باشند که بر روی قسمت های مختلف بدن تأثیر می گذارند. بیماری های گوارشی، قلبی- عروقی، مغزی، تنفسی، اسکلتی، دندانی، چشمی، و روانشناختی همراه با حصبه، وبا، هپاتیت، گواتر، متاگلوبین، برونشیت، فلج اطفال، کم خونی، خونریزی داخلی، پیرشدگی، آلرژی، گلودرد، ورم ملتحمه، آنوسمی، التهاب و سوزش دهان، بیهوشی، اختلالات یادگیری، اختلالات رفتاری و بیش فعالی در کودکان، اختلال در باروری و رشد جنین، سندروم کودک آبی و نقص مادرزادی در نوزادان، سرطان و حتی مرگ ممکن است به دلیل آب های زیرزمینی رخ دهند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: شناخت سیستم های آب زیرزمینی می تواند در فهم عوامل بیماری زا و پالایش آن ها مفید باشد. در واقع، سیستم های آب زیرزمینی با خصوصیات هیدروژئولوژیک مختلف وجود دارند. در نظر گرفتن فاکتورهایی مانند جنس سازندهای زمین شناسی، عمق آبخوان و نقش عوامل انسانی،‌ مانند برداشت بی رویه از آب های زیرزمینی، می تواند مسئله را پیچیده تر،‌ و لزوم مطالعات هیدروژئولوژیکی را در خصوص خودپالایی بارزتر کند.

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