تحلیلی بر تداوم حیات میراث صنعتی در فرایند بازکاربری تطبیقی مبتنی بر ابعاد پایداری محیطی
الموضوعات :
میلاد اجلالی دیز
1
,
مهسا دلشاد سیاهکلی
2
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه معماری، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه معماری، مرکز تحقیقات مطالعات بافت های تاریخی، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
الکلمات المفتاحية: بازکاربری, تطبیق پذیری, احیا, میراث صنعتی ایران, هویت شهری.,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: عملکرد بنای تاریخی ممکن است در پی بروز تغییرات در هنجارهای اجتماعی و اقتصادی دستخوش دگرگونی‌های بسیاری شود، از این رو کارکردپذیری در انطباق با نیازهای جامعه، محرکهای اقتصادی و اجتماعی را در پی خواهد داشت. هدف این مطالعه، تبیین شاخص‌های بازکاربری منطبق با تغییر کاربری میراث صنعتی به کاربری فرهنگی با تأکید بر پایداری محیطی است. در مرحله بعد، سنجش نوع و میزان تأثیر شاخص‌های استخراج شده در تغییرکاربری بناهای صنعتی برای تداوم حیات آنها ارزیابی می‌شود.
روش بررسی: روش تحقیق این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی و با استفاده از تکنیک‌های توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام شده است. در این راستا، با بررسی ادبیات و پیشینه موضوع، چارچوب نظری تحقیق تدوین و شاخص‌های اصلی تبیین گردید. در مرحله میدانی، جهت تحلیل نوع روابط و اولویت بندی مولفه‌ها و شاخص‌ها، از تحلیل پرسشنامه محقق ساخته متخصصین با استفاده از روش های ترکیبی تئوری تصمیم گیری چند معیاره فازی بر اساس (DANP) DEMATEL و به صورت فازی مثلثی انجام شد. در گام بعدی، از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبیAHP جهت سنجش میزان تأثیر هر یک از ابعاد پایداری محیطی در تغییرکاربری بناهای صنعتی استفاده شد.
یافته ها: آنچه در تحلیل چگونگی فرآیند کارکردپذیری بناهای تاریخی صنعتی مورد توجه گرفت، غلبه تمرکز بر جنبه‌های اقتصادی با کمترین توجه به جنبه‌های زیست محیطی می باشد. این اولویت‌بندی می تواند به دلیل تأثیرات آشکار و مستقیم عوامل اقتصادی و اجتماعی در کوتاه‌مدت و همچنین عدم آگاهی نسبت به تأثیرات زیست محیطی در دراز مدت انجام باشد.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاکی از آن است که از میان سه بعد پایداری محیطی (اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست محیطی) در فرایند کارکردپذیری نمونه بناهای تاریخی صنعتی تطبیقی، بعد اقتصادی بیشترین و بعد زیست محیطی کمترین میزان توجه را به خود اختصاص داده اند. علت این امر را می توان در عدم توجه به شاخص های "احیا و حفاظت از منظر" در بعد زیست محیطی جست که به طور مستقیم می تواند بر شاخص های بعد اجتماعی چون "تداوم هویت" و "دلبستگی به مکان" نیز تاثیر منفی گذاشته و در پی آن شاخص های بعد اقتصادی را به چالش بکشد. از این رو به نظر می رسد تعادل بخشی بین سه بعد پایداری محیطی باعث تداوم حیات موفق تر در بناهای تاریخی تطبیق پذیر می گردد.
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