بررسی تأثیر فساد و تحریم بر انتشار دی اکسید کربن و کاهش پوشش درختی کشورهای منتخب آسیایی:کاربردی از برآوردگر PCSE
الموضوعات : Environmental Economicsسمیه اعظمی 1 , زهرا مرادی 2 , شهرام فتاحی 3
1 - دانشیار، دانشگاه رازی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و تربیتی، گروه اقتصاد. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - کارشناس ارشد توسعه اقتصادی و برنامه ریزی، دانشگاه رازی، گروه اقتصاد.
3 - استاد، دانشگاه رازی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و تربیتی، گروه اقتصاد
الکلمات المفتاحية: تحریم, فساد, انتشار دی اکسید کربن, کاهش پوشش درختی و تخمین PCSE.,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف :امروزه بحران محیط زیست و تغییرات اقلیمی به مباحثی جهان‌شمول تبدیل شده‌اند. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین تأثیر فساد و تحریم بر کیفیت محیط زیست کشورهای منتخب آسیایی که فساد بالایی دارند و در دوره‌هایی تحت تأثیر تحریم قرار گرفته‌اند، انجام گرفته است. این کشورها شامل چین، ایران، اندونزی، پاکستان، عراق، میانمار، سوریه، لبنان و یمن هستند.
روش بررسی: روش پژوهش اقتصادسنجی پانل و بازه زمانی 2019-1991 است. شاخص‌های زیست‌محیطی مورد بررسی انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن و کاهش پوشش درختی هستند. در این پژوهش از ۹ تعریف مختلف برای متغیر تحریم استفاده شده است. نتایج با استفاده از روش PCSE تحلیل و بررسی شده‌اند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج آزمون هم انباشتگی بیانگر رابطه بلند مدت میان متغیرهای مدل است. نتایج تخمین به روشPCSE نشان می‌دهد که فساد به طور معنی‌داری موجب افزایش انتشار دی اکسید کربن و کاهش پوشش درختی می‌شود. از سوی دیگر، تحریم‌ها به طور معنی‌داری باعث کاهش پوشش درختی شده‌اند، اما تأثیر معنی‌داری بر افزایش انتشار دی اکسید کربن نداشته‌اند.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: این نتیجه که تحریم به طور معنی‌داری موجب افزایش انتشار دی اکسید کربن نشده است، ممکن است به مکانیسم ضد رشد اقتصادی تحریم‌ها بازگردد. به طور کلی، مبارزه با فساد و سیاست‌گذاری‌های دقیق در قبال تحریم‌ها می‌تواند به بهبود وضعیت زیست‌محیطی این کشورها کمک کند.
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