بررسی تطبیقی-قیاسی زبان الگو فضای سبز تاریخی شهر تهران (موردپژوهی: باغ مسعودیه، باغ فرحآباد، باغ نگارستان)
الموضوعات :
حلما حبیبی خوزانی
1
,
علی اکبری
2
1 - کارشناسارشد معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد یادگار امام خمینی (ره) شهرری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد یادگار امام خمینی (ره) شهرری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. * (نویسنده مسئول)
تاريخ الإرسال : 08 الجمعة , ذو الحجة, 1440
تاريخ التأكيد : 22 الأحد , شوال, 1441
تاريخ الإصدار : 13 الجمعة , ذو الحجة, 1442
الکلمات المفتاحية:
باغ نگارستان,
باغ مسعودیه,
باغ فرحآباد,
فضای سبز شهری,
زبان الگو,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: باغهای درونشهری، از آن حیث که محیط طبیعی اما دستساخت انسان است و واجد نظامهای متعدد معنایی و استعاری، کارکردی و حسی-تجربی است، یکی از غنیترین فضاهای ساختهشده در شهرهای ایران است. خوانش فضای سبز شهری تاریخی با هدف خلق ساختاری که طی زمان پاسخگوی نیازهای مادی و معنوی مخاطبانش باشد، میتواند مبنای برنامهریزی پاسخده به ضرورتهای عملکردی جدید در شهرسازی مدرن باشد. در این پژوهش با فرض اینکه باغ ایرانی دارای زبان الگوی قابل خوانش و قابلتعمیم در سنت باغسازی ایران است، تلاش شده تا ضمن احصای آن زبان الگو در ساختار باغهای مسعودیه، فرحآباد و نگارستان، میزان تطبیقپذیری آنها با نظریة زبان الگو بررسی و درنهایت قویترین ساختار از میان نمونهها شناسایی شود.روش بررسی: در این پژوهش نوع تحقیق نظری است، مبانی فلسفی پژوهش، تفسیری، رویکرد تحقیق کیفی و طرح تحقیق قیاسی-تطبیقی خواهد بود. روش تحلیل دادهها، قیاس و تطبیق زوجی سلسهمراتبی و ابزار گردآوری دادهها، مطالعات کتابخانهای و پژوهشهای میدانی است.یافتهها: در سطح ساختارهای سازندة باغ ایرانی، ساختار کالبدی با وزن ۴۲۸/۰ حائز اهمیت بیشتری نسبت به ساختارهای عملکردی با وزن ۳۳۴/۰ و کیفیت فضایی با وزن ۲۳۸/۰ است. در برآیند کلی و در مجموعِ وزن نهایی تطبیقپذیری زبان الگوی باغها، باغ مسعودیه با وزن ۴۳۶/۰، باغ فرحآباد با وزن ۳۴۵/۰ و باغ نگارستان با امتیاز ۲۱۹/۰ قرار میگیرند.نتیجهگیری: احصای مؤلفههای زبان الگوی فضای سبز شهری تاریخی از کاراترین ابزارها به بازشناسی و بازآفرینی کیفیتی است که میتوان از این طریق، زبان آن معماری را بر اساس نیازهای امروز بازتولید کرد.
المصادر:
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Stronach, D., 1979. The Royal Garden at Pasargadae: Evolution and Legacy, translated by Kamyar Abdi, Asar Quarterly Journal 22-23: 54-75. (In Persian)
Pope, A., 1992. Persian Architecture, translated by Gholamhossein Sadri Afshar, 10th edition, Tehran: Farhangan. (In Persian)
Pirnia, M. K., 1995. Persian Gardens, Abadi (15): 4-9. (In Persian)
HeidarNattaj, V., Mansouri, S. A., 2009. A Critical Study on the Chaharbagh Theory in Creation of the Persian Gardens, Bāgh-e Nazar 6 (12): 17-30. (In Persian)
Barati, N., Aehashemi, A., Miniator Sajadi, A., 2018. Iranian Worldview and Axial Pattern in Persian Garden, Manzar 9 (41): 6-15. (In Persian)
Hamzenejad, M., Saatadjoo, P., Ansari, M., 2014. A Comparative Study of Iranian Gardens in Sassanid and Islamic Era Based on Described Heavens, Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies 3 (5): 57-79. (In Persian)
Wilber, D. N., 2005. Persian Gardens and Garden Pavilions, translated by Mahindokht Saba, Tehran: Scientific Cultural Publications, p. 103. (In Persian)
Alemi, M., 2012. Symbolism in Persian Garden; the Sense of Nature in the Royal Safavid Gardens, Manzar 3 (17): 6-13. (In Persian)
Naeima, Gh., 2006. Persian Garden, Tehran: Payam Publications, p. 24, 223-250. (In Persian)
Shahcheraghi, A., 2011. Paradise Paradigm, An Introduction to the Recognition and Reclamation of the Persian Garden, 2nd edition, Tehran: Jahad-e Daneshgahi Press, p. 47, 65-85. (In Persian)
Pakzad, J., 2010. The Feast of Thoughts in Urbanism, form Space to Place, Vol 3, Tehran: Ārmānshahr, p. 249. (In Persian)
Alexander, C., Neis, H., Alexander, M. M. 2013. Battle for the Life and Beauty of the Earth, New York، Oxford University Press. 1.
Akbari, A., 2013. From Mathematics to Structuralism in Architecture, Ketāb-e Māh-e Honar, Vol. 180, pp. 22-28. (In Persian)
Afhami, R., 2009. Architectural Drawing and Nothing more, Ketāb-e Māh-e Honar, Vol 134, pp. 4-10. (In Persian)
Sabri, C. R., Akbari, A., 2013. The Concept of Order: Christopher Alexander and the New Science, SOFFEH 61: 34-44. (In Persian)
Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S., Silverstein, M., Jacobson, M., Fiksdahl-King, I., & Shlomo, A., 1977. A Pattern Language، Towns, Buildings, Construction. New York، Oxford University Press, P. X, 541-1152.
Salingaros, N. A., 1999. “The Structure of Pattern Languages”, Architectural Research Quarterly (4), 149-161.
Masoudi, A., 2003. Study and Analysis of Iranian Gardens in the Desert Region, PhD thesis, Tehran: Islamic Azad University, Science & Researches Branch, p. 191. (In Persian)
Soltanzadeh, H., 2000. “Form Chahartagh to Chahrbagh”, Journal of Architecture & Culture 1 (1), p. 58. (In Persian)
Medghalchi, L.; Ansari, M.; Bemanian, M., 2014. “Spirit of Place in Persian Garden”, Bāgh-e Nazar 11 (28): 25-38. (In Persian)
Daneshdoost, Y., 1990. Persian Garden, Asar, Issue 18-19, pp. 214-224. (In Persian)
Alexander, C., 2017. The Linz Café. Trans by: Cyrus Reza Sabri, Ali Akbari, Tehran: Parham Naghsh, p. 18. (In Persian)
Alexander, C., 2017. The Nature of Order, An Essay on the Art of Building and the Nature of the Universe, trans. by: Cyrus Reza Sabri and Ali Akbari, Tehran: Parham Naghsh, p. 11. (In Persian)
Alexander, C., 1979. The Timeless Way of Building. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 17.
Alexander, C., 2017. The Nature of Order: The Process of Creating Life, translated by: Sabri, R C; Akbari A., Tehran: Parham Naghsh, Ali p. 11. (In Persian)
HeidarNattaj, V., Rezazadeh, E., 2016. The Complex of Water, plant and Nazargâh Looking for an Archetype of Persian Garden, Manzar, Vol 7, Issue 33, pp. 48-55. (In Persian)
Bani-masoud, A., 2011. Iranian Contemporary Architecture, 4th edition, Tehran: Honar-e Me’mari Gharn, p. 76. (In Persian)
E’etemad al Saltaneh, M. H., 1988. Merāt al Boldān, Tehran: University of Tehran Press, p 850. (In Persian)
Haji Ghasemi, K., 2015. Ganjnameh, Palaces & Gardens, Tehran: Shahid Beheshti Univesriy Press, p. 104-278. (In Persian)
Ayatollahzadeh Shirazi, B., 2000. The Restoration Plan of the Historic Complex of Masoudiyeh Garden, Tehran: Cultural Heritage Organization Press, p. 2. (In Persian)
Ghobadian, V., Ghobadian, S., 2018. Architetcure in Naseri’s Dar Al-Khlalafa, Tehran: Eleme Me’mar Publications, p. 147. (in Persian)
Documentation Center of Cultural Heritage Organization, Documents and specifications of Tehran Gardens, the entries of “Negarestan Garden” & “Farah Abad Garden’, accessible at: 2019. 01. 30. (In Persian)
Najmi, N., 1994. Tehran in History, Tehran: Gutenberg. (In Persian)
Nobakht, M B, 2017, Advanced Research Method, 5th edition, Tehran: Jahade Daneshgahi.
Akbari, A., Ezeddin Lou, F., Habibi Khouzani, H. 2019. Living Structure of Tehran’s Gardens, Qazvin: Jahad Daneshgahi. (In Persian)
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Goudarzi, V., 2017. An analysis of Iranian Gardening since the Beginning of the Achaemenid Dynasty to the End of the Pahlavi Era, International Journal of Urban & Rural Management 16 (48): 377-394. (In Persian)
Stronach, D., 1979. The Royal Garden at Pasargadae: Evolution and Legacy, translated by Kamyar Abdi, Asar Quarterly Journal 22-23: 54-75. (In Persian)
Pope, A., 1992. Persian Architecture, translated by Gholamhossein Sadri Afshar, 10th edition, Tehran: Farhangan. (In Persian)
Pirnia, M. K., 1995. Persian Gardens, Abadi (15): 4-9. (In Persian)
HeidarNattaj, V., Mansouri, S. A., 2009. A Critical Study on the Chaharbagh Theory in Creation of the Persian Gardens, Bāgh-e Nazar 6 (12): 17-30. (In Persian)
Barati, N., Aehashemi, A., Miniator Sajadi, A., 2018. Iranian Worldview and Axial Pattern in Persian Garden, Manzar 9 (41): 6-15. (In Persian)
Hamzenejad, M., Saatadjoo, P., Ansari, M., 2014. A Comparative Study of Iranian Gardens in Sassanid and Islamic Era Based on Described Heavens, Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies 3 (5): 57-79. (In Persian)
Wilber, D. N., 2005. Persian Gardens and Garden Pavilions, translated by Mahindokht Saba, Tehran: Scientific Cultural Publications, p. 103. (In Persian)
Alemi, M., 2012. Symbolism in Persian Garden; the Sense of Nature in the Royal Safavid Gardens, Manzar 3 (17): 6-13. (In Persian)
Naeima, Gh., 2006. Persian Garden, Tehran: Payam Publications, p. 24, 223-250. (In Persian)
Shahcheraghi, A., 2011. Paradise Paradigm, An Introduction to the Recognition and Reclamation of the Persian Garden, 2nd edition, Tehran: Jahad-e Daneshgahi Press, p. 47, 65-85. (In Persian)
Pakzad, J., 2010. The Feast of Thoughts in Urbanism, form Space to Place, Vol 3, Tehran: Ārmānshahr, p. 249. (In Persian)
Alexander, C., Neis, H., Alexander, M. M. 2013. Battle for the Life and Beauty of the Earth, New York، Oxford University Press. 1.
Akbari, A., 2013. From Mathematics to Structuralism in Architecture, Ketāb-e Māh-e Honar, Vol. 180, pp. 22-28. (In Persian)
Afhami, R., 2009. Architectural Drawing and Nothing more, Ketāb-e Māh-e Honar, Vol 134, pp. 4-10. (In Persian)
Sabri, C. R., Akbari, A., 2013. The Concept of Order: Christopher Alexander and the New Science, SOFFEH 61: 34-44. (In Persian)
Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S., Silverstein, M., Jacobson, M., Fiksdahl-King, I., & Shlomo, A., 1977. A Pattern Language، Towns, Buildings, Construction. New York، Oxford University Press, P. X, 541-1152.
Salingaros, N. A., 1999. “The Structure of Pattern Languages”, Architectural Research Quarterly (4), 149-161.
Masoudi, A., 2003. Study and Analysis of Iranian Gardens in the Desert Region, PhD thesis, Tehran: Islamic Azad University, Science & Researches Branch, p. 191. (In Persian)
Soltanzadeh, H., 2000. “Form Chahartagh to Chahrbagh”, Journal of Architecture & Culture 1 (1), p. 58. (In Persian)
Medghalchi, L.; Ansari, M.; Bemanian, M., 2014. “Spirit of Place in Persian Garden”, Bāgh-e Nazar 11 (28): 25-38. (In Persian)
Daneshdoost, Y., 1990. Persian Garden, Asar, Issue 18-19, pp. 214-224. (In Persian)
Alexander, C., 2017. The Linz Café. Trans by: Cyrus Reza Sabri, Ali Akbari, Tehran: Parham Naghsh, p. 18. (In Persian)
Alexander, C., 2017. The Nature of Order, An Essay on the Art of Building and the Nature of the Universe, trans. by: Cyrus Reza Sabri and Ali Akbari, Tehran: Parham Naghsh, p. 11. (In Persian)
Alexander, C., 1979. The Timeless Way of Building. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 17.
Alexander, C., 2017. The Nature of Order: The Process of Creating Life, translated by: Sabri, R C; Akbari A., Tehran: Parham Naghsh, Ali p. 11. (In Persian)
HeidarNattaj, V., Rezazadeh, E., 2016. The Complex of Water, plant and Nazargâh Looking for an Archetype of Persian Garden, Manzar, Vol 7, Issue 33, pp. 48-55. (In Persian)
Bani-masoud, A., 2011. Iranian Contemporary Architecture, 4th edition, Tehran: Honar-e Me’mari Gharn, p. 76. (In Persian)
E’etemad al Saltaneh, M. H., 1988. Merāt al Boldān, Tehran: University of Tehran Press, p 850. (In Persian)
Haji Ghasemi, K., 2015. Ganjnameh, Palaces & Gardens, Tehran: Shahid Beheshti Univesriy Press, p. 104-278. (In Persian)
Ayatollahzadeh Shirazi, B., 2000. The Restoration Plan of the Historic Complex of Masoudiyeh Garden, Tehran: Cultural Heritage Organization Press, p. 2. (In Persian)
Ghobadian, V., Ghobadian, S., 2018. Architetcure in Naseri’s Dar Al-Khlalafa, Tehran: Eleme Me’mar Publications, p. 147. (in Persian)
Documentation Center of Cultural Heritage Organization, Documents and specifications of Tehran Gardens, the entries of “Negarestan Garden” & “Farah Abad Garden’, accessible at: 2019. 01. 30. (In Persian)
Najmi, N., 1994. Tehran in History, Tehran: Gutenberg. (In Persian)
Nobakht, M B, 2017, Advanced Research Method, 5th edition, Tehran: Jahade Daneshgahi.
Akbari, A., Ezeddin Lou, F., Habibi Khouzani, H. 2019. Living Structure of Tehran’s Gardens, Qazvin: Jahad Daneshgahi. (In Persian)