مطالعهی تطبیقی معماری مساجد معاصر تبریز، بر پایه معیارهای طراحیِ منتج از مفاهیم دینی
الموضوعات :بهناز منتظر 1 , جمال الدین سهیلی 2
1 - دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قزوین، قزوین، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: مؤلفههای معماری, مفاهیم دینی, شهر تبریز, مطالعهی تطبیقی, مساجد معاصر,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: در طی تاریخ، مساجد همواره ابعاد مختلفی از کالبد، کارکرد و معنا را به خود اختصاص دادهاند. این 3 پارامتر، همچون لایههایی بر روی یکدیگر قرارگرفتهاند که فقدان هریک، میتواند بر کاراییِ مساجد معاصر، نسبت به کاراییِ الگوهای کهن، لطمه واردکند. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی و ارزیابی تطبیقی نمونههای معاصر، در راستای مدل مفهومی پژوهش، مبنی بر معیارهای تأثیرگذار بر الگوهای طراحی معماری بهواسطهی مفاهیم دینی در مساجد پرداخته است. روش بررسی: به منظور استخراج مولفه های معماری منتج از مفاهیم دینی، از روش گردآوری اطلاعات به صورت مطالعات کتابخانه ای و اسنادی با روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی بهره گرفته شده است؛ تا بدین ترتیب، ارتباط مفاهیم دینی با پارامترهای معماریِ مؤثر در هر 3 بُعد مشخص گردد. در گام دوم، پس از تدوین مدل مفهومی پژوهش، به ارزیابی میدانی (سال 97) و امتیازبندیِ مؤلفههای معماری در جامعه نمونه (مساجد منتخب معاصر تبریز) که به کمک نمونه گیری هدف دار توسط متخصصان و خبرگان این حوزه انتخاب شده ، پرداخته شده است. یافته ها: مولفه های طراحی معماری مساجد در راستای مفاهیم دینی را می توان در 3 حیطه ی مولفه های کارکردی (ورودی شاخص، همجواری، مکان یابی و طراحی فضاهای مختلف)، مولفه های معنایی (خوانایی، تعلق به مکان و سلسله مراتب) و مولفه های کالبدی (جهت، توجه به نور و طراحی مناسب محراب، گنبد، مناره و صحن) طبقه بندی نمود. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با ارزیابی میزان تاثیرپذیری مساجد معاصر تبریز در هر یک از سه بُعد، می توان دریافت که به زیرمولفه وجودِ "فضاهای مختلف" در بُعد کارکردی، زیرمولفه "تعلق به مکان" در بُعد معنایی و زیرمولفه "نور" در بُعد کالبدی بیشترین توجه شده است. همچنین نتایج نشان میدهد که معماری مساجد معاصر تبریز، از بُعد معناییِ الگوها، نسبت به 2 بُعد دیگر، بیشترین تبعیت را داشتهاند. همچنین مسجد امام رضا(ع) دارای بیشترین تطابق با الگوها از منظر الگوهای طراحی معماریِ مبتنی بر مفاهیم دینی می باشد.
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- Haji babayi, M., & Aslani malayeri, E., Shaabani, E., 2010, Mosque and politics in the Seljuk era with emphasis on the media and propaganda function of the mosque, Studies in Islamic History, 2(6), pp. 29. (In Persian)
- Boroumand Alam, A., 2005, An Introduction to the Status of the Mosque in Islamic Civilization, Tehran: Prayer Statement Publications, pp. 17. (In Persian)
- Jamalzadeh, N., & Aminian, M., 2013, The Role of Mosques in the Victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, Journal of Communication Culture Studies, 14(24), pp. 164. (In Persian)
- Taheri Savad Kouhi, Y., 2010, Designing a Mosque Management Model with Emphasis on Islamic Texts, Tehran: Asre Mandegar, pp. 117. (In Persian)
- Shaterian, R., 2011, Architectural Analysis of Iranian Mosques, Tehran: NoPardazan Publications, pp. 4 & 195 & 390. (In Persian)
- Hosseinmardi, H., & Moradi, N., 2007, A Look at Contemporary World Mosques, Abadi Quarterly, Vol 54, pp. 42-59. (In Persian)
- Zolfagharzade, H., 2001, Articles Collection of the Past, Present and the Future of Mosque, Tehran: Art University, pp. 314 & 316. (In Persian)
- Zomorshidi, H., 1995, Mosque in Iranian Architecture, Tehran: Keyhan Publication. (In Persian)
- Mahdavinezhad, J., & Mashayekhi, M., & Bahrami, M., 2014, Patterns of Mosque Design in Contemporary Architecture, Journal of Islamic Architecture Research, vol 5, pp. 216. (In Persian)
- Mahdavinezhad, M. J., & Mashayekhi, M., 2010, Mosque Design Requirements Based on Socio-Cultural Functions, Armanshahr Journal, vol 5, pp. 65-78. (In Persian)
- Sadegh Falahat, M., 2005, The Role of Physical Design in the Sense of the Place in Mosque, Journal of Fine Arts, vol 22, pp. 35-42. (In Persian)
- Doosti Motlagh, P., 2009, Entry History Review, Armanshahr Journal, vol 2, pp. 92. (In Persian)
- Moeenifar, M., & Shojaee, E., 2015, Improvement of Entrance Landscape with the Purpose of Promoting the Invitation Sense, City Landscape Research, vol 3, pp. 53. (In Persian)
- Soltanzadeh, H., 2005, Entrance spaces in Iranian traditional architecture, Tehran: Office of Cultural Research, pp. 15 & 106. (In Persian)
- Beheshti, S., 2010, Iranian Mosque at the Ascension of the Believer, Tehran: Daily Publications. (In Persian)
- Khodayii, Z., Taghvaee, A. A., 2011, Personality of Islamic City; Emphasizing on the Physical Dimensions of Islamic City, Studies of Islamic Iranian City, pp. 108. (In Persian)
- Noghrekar, A. H., 2008, Introduction to Islamic Identity in Architecture, Tehran: Sima Payam Design and Publishing Company.
- Pirnia, M., 1999, Introduction to Islamic Architecture of Iran Inside and Outside Urban Buildings, Gholamhossein Memarian, Tehran: Iran University of Science and Technology, pp. 4 & 67. (In Persian)
- Talebi, Z., 2001, Mosque as a base of social solidarity, Articles Collection of the Past, Present and the Future of Mosque, Tehran: Art University, pp. 183. (In Persian)
- Haghighat Naeeni, Gh., 2001, An Analysis of the Location and Pattern of New Mosque Settlements. Case Study: Tehran Region 6, Articles Collection of the Past, Present and the Future of Mosque, Tehran: Art University, pp. 254. (In Persian)
- Hellen Berand, R., 1998, Islamic Architecture, Translated by Iraj Etesam, Tehran: Urban Planning and Processing Company, pp. 42 & 92. (In Persian)
- Zargar, A., & Nadimi, H., Mokhtarshiahi, R., 2007, Architectural Guide of the Mosque, Tehran: Visible Publication, pp. 14. (In Persian)
- Baharudin, Athiqah & sabrina iamail, Alice, 2014, Communal mosques: Design functionality toward the development of sustainability for community, Procedia- Social and behavioral sciences, Vol.153: 106-120, p: 1.
- Hamzenezhad, M., & Arabi, M., 2014, A Study of Iranian Islamic Originality in Contemporary Modern Mosque, Case Study: Vali-e-Asr Mosque, Tehran: Quarterly Iranian Islamic Studies Journal, vol 15, pp. 49.
- Steele, F, The Dense of Place, Boston: CBI Publishing Company, 1981. (In Persian)
- Nasr, S. H., 1980, Islamic Thoughts on Nature, Tehran: Kharazmi Publications, pp. 114. (In Persian)
- Nasr, S. H., 1996, Islamic Art and Spirituality, translated by Rahim Qasemian, Tehran: Office of Religious Studies of Art, pp. 45. (In Persian)
- Navaee, K., 1997, The mosque is a perfect human icon, Articles Collection of the Past, Present and the Future of Mosque, Tehran: Art University, pp. 670. (In Persian)
- Fathi Azar, S., & Hamzenezhad, M., 2014, Semantics in the Mosque and the Church, Iranian Islamic Journal, pp. 53.
- Iman Talab, H., & Gerami, S., 2012, The Relationship between Meaning and Shape of Mosque Architecture Thought and Formology of Prayer, Islamic Art Studies, vol 16, pp. 78&79. (In Persian)
- Arjah. A., 2001, Encryption in Mosque, Articles Collection of the Past, Present and the Future of Mosque, Tehran: Art University, pp. 18&19. (In Persian)
- Mohammad Hejazi, M., 2001, Symbolism in mosque architecture, Articles Collection of the Past, Present and the Future of Mosque, Tehran: Art University, pp. 236. (In Persian)
- Hagh Talab, T., Karvan, F., 2012, Mosque, manifestation of sacred architecture, Haft Hesar Journal, vol 1, pp. 22. (In Persian)
- Pashaee, F., & Kahnamoueem N., 2001, Islam and Architecture of Mosque, Articles Collection of the Past, Present and the Future of Mosque, Tehran: Art University, pp. 109&110. (In Persian)
- Ardalan, L., & Bakhtiar, N., 1977, The Sense of Unity, Mythical Tradition in the Iranian Architecture, Translated by Hamid Shahrokh, Khak Publishing House, Isfahan, p: 73. (In Persian)
- Sajjadi, A., 1996, Evolution of the Mihrab, Tehran: Cultural Heritage Organization, pp. 240. (In Persian)
- Razavi, N., 2001, Mosque architecture; light music, Articles Collection of the Past, Present and the Future of Mosque, Tehran: Art University, pp. 325. (In Persian)
- Keshmiri, H., & Noshadi, Z., & Abbasi, M., 2013, Investigating Physics and Light Spiritual Concepts in Iranian Traditional Architecture, with a Look at Mosques and Houses, Sustainable Architecture and Urban Development Conference. (In Persian)
- Bemanian, M. R., & Nikoodel, F., 2014, A Study of Lighting Types and Lighting Methods in Qajar Mosques, Tehran: Islamic Architecture Research, pp. 61. (In Persian)