بررسی اثرات فعالیت‌های کشاورزی بر تجمع فلزات کادمیوم، کبالت و کروم در خاک
الموضوعات :
علی شهبازی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری رشته علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران.*(مسوول مکاتبات))
علیرضا سفیانیان
2
(دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان.)
نوراله میرغفاری
3
(دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان،)
تاريخ الإرسال : 04 الإثنين , رجب, 1437
تاريخ التأكيد : 05 الجمعة , رمضان, 1437
تاريخ الإصدار : 05 الخميس , ربيع الأول, 1442
الکلمات المفتاحية:
فاکتور آلودگی,
استان همدان,
تغییرات زمانی,
آزمون ANOVA,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: مقادیر زیادی مواد شیمیایی نظیر کودهای شیمیایی و حشره کش ها و همچنین لجن فاضلاب سالیانه در خاک های کشاورزی به کار برده می شود، چنین کاربردی ممکن است سبب افزایش غلظت فلزات سنگین در خاک شود. هدف از این مطالعه، تعیین اثر فعالیت های کشاورزی بر تجمع فلزات سنگین کادمیم، کبالت و کروم و تعیین روند تجمع این فلزات در خاک بوده است.روش بررسی: جهت انجام مطالعه، تعداد 97 نمونه خاک به روش سیستماتیک از زمین های کشاورزی با قدمت متفاوت در استان همدان واقع در غرب ایران در اواخر شهریورماه 1389، برداشت شد. آزمون تجزیه واریانس برای مقایسه غلظت فلزات در مزارع مختلف مورد استفاده قرار گرفت، با توجه به قدمت کشت ها و میانگین غلظت فلزات در هر کشت، روند تجمع فلزات سنگین مشخص شد. علاوه بر این، از شاخص فاکتور آلودگی برای مقایسه خطر آلودگی در کشت های مختلف استفاده شد.یافته ها: میانگین غلظت در کشت 20، 35 و 65 ساله برای فلز کادمیوم به ترتیب 14/0، 16/0 و 19/0، برای فلز کبالت به ترتیب 94/17، 05/18 و 79/20 و برای فلز کروم به ترتیب 89/58، 99/72 و 09/88 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم بود. نتایج نشان داد، طول مدت کشاورزی بر تجمع فلزات سنگین تاثیر داشته است. همچنین روند تجمع برای فلزات کادمیم کبالت و کروم نمایی بدست آمد.بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به این که خاک های کشاورزی از مسیرهای مهم انتقال فلزات سنگین به زنجیره غذایی انسان می باشند، پایش خاک هایی که بالقوه در معرض ورود فلزات سمی هستند ضروری است.
المصادر:
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Waisberg, M., Joseph, P., Hale, B. and Beyersmann, D. 2003. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis. Toxicology, 192(2-3), 95–117.
Sun, L., Zhang, Y., Sun, T., Gong, Z., Lin, X. and Li, H. 2006. Temporal-spatial distribution and variability of cadmium contamination in soils in Shenyang Zhangshi irrigation area, China. Journal enuironmental sciences, 18(6), 1241-1246.
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Khodakarami, L. 2009. Evaluation of non-point sources of agricultural pollution using GIS and RS [dissertation]. Isfahan: Isfahan University of Technology. (In Persian)
Abrahim, G. M. S. and Parker, R. J. 2008. Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand. Environ Monit Assess, 136(1-3), 227–238.
Al- Nakshabandi, G. A., Saqqar, M. M., Shatanawi, M. R., Fayyad, M. and Al-Horani, H. 1997. Some environmental problems associated with the use of treated wastewater for irrigation in Jordan. Agric Water Manag, 34(1), 81– 94.
Huang, S. W. and Jin, J. Y. 2008. Status of heavy metals in agricultural soils as affected by different patterns of land use. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 139(1-3), 317–327.
Li, P. J., Stagnitti, F., Xiong, X. and Peterson, J. 2009. Temporal and spatial distribution patterns of heavy metals in soil at a long-standing sewage farm. Environ Monit Assess, 149(1-4), 275–282.
Liu, W. H., Zhao, J. Z., Ouyang, Z. Y., Soderlund, L. and Liu, G. H. 2005. Impacts of sewage irrigation on heavy metal distribution and contamination in Beijing, China. Environment International, 31(6), 805 – 812.
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Yalcin, M. G., Battaloglu, R. and Ilhan, S. 2007. Heavy metal sources in Sultan Marsh and its neighborhood, Kayseri, Turkey. Environ Geol, 53(2), 399-415.
De Temmerman, L., Vanongeval, L., Boon, W. and Hoenig, M. 2003. Heavy metal content of arable soil in Northern Belgium. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 148(1-4), 61-76.
Mantovi, P., Bonazzi, G., Maestri, E. and Marmiroli, N. 2003. Accumulation of copper and zinc from liquid manure in agricultural soils and crop plants. Plant and Soil, 250(2), 249-257.
Nicholson, F.A., Smith, S.R., Alloway, B.J., Carlton-Simith, C.,Chambers, B.J. 2003. An inventory of heavy metal input to agricultural soil in England and Wales, Scientific registration no: 1251.
Alloway, B. J. 1995. Soil processes and the behavior of metals. New York: Wiley.
Alloway, B. J. 1990. Heavy metals in soils. New York: Wiley, 368.
Palese, A. M., Pasquale, V., Celano, G., Figliuolo, G., Masi, S. and Xiloyannis, C. 2009. Irrigation of olive groves in southern Italy with treated municipal waste water: Effects of microbiological quality of soil and fruits Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment, 129, 43-51.
Panicker, P. V. R. C. 1995. Recycling of human waste in agriculture. In: Tandon, HLS (Ed.), Recycling of waste in Agriculture. Fert. New Delhi, India, 68-90.: Dev. Consultation Org.
Toze, S. 2006. Reuse of effluent water-benefits and risks. Agric. Water Management, 80(1-3), 147-159.
Misra, S. G. & Mani, D. 1991. Soil pollution. Ashish Publishing House. New Delhi, India. 8/81 Punjabi Bagh.
Bansal, O. P. 1998. Heavy metal pollution of soils and plants due to sewage irrigation. Indian J. Environ. Hlth, 40 (1), 51-57.
Dudka, S., Piotrowska, M. and Chlopecka, A. 1994). Effect of elevated concentrations of Cd and Zn in soil on spring wheat yield and the metal contents of the plants. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 76(3-4), 333-341.
Wong, S. C., Li, X. D., Zhang, G., Qi, S. H. and Min, Y. S. 2002. Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the Pearl River Delta, South China. Environmental Pollution, 119(1), 33-44.
McGrath, S. P. and Cunliffe, C. H. 1985. A simplified method for the extraction of the metals Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co and Mn from soils and sewage sludges. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 36(9), 794-798.
Waisberg, M., Joseph, P., Hale, B. and Beyersmann, D. 2003. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis. Toxicology, 192(2-3), 95–117.
Sun, L., Zhang, Y., Sun, T., Gong, Z., Lin, X. and Li, H. 2006. Temporal-spatial distribution and variability of cadmium contamination in soils in Shenyang Zhangshi irrigation area, China. Journal enuironmental sciences, 18(6), 1241-1246.
Cuihua, C., Shijun, N. and Chengjiang, Z. 2007. Assessing spatial-temporal variation of heavy metals contamination of sediments using GIS 3D spatial analysis methods in Dexing mines, Jiangxi province,China, IEEE.
Motasadi zarandi, S., Babran, S. 2009. Environmental strategies to achieve the goals of the 20-year vision document, The Scientific Journal of Strategy, 48, 101-122. (In Persian)
Taleb beidokhti, T., Dehghani, M. H., Kamal, A. 2009. Evaluation of effluent quality of wastewater treatment plants in Tehran, 12th National Congress On Environmental Health. (In Persian)
Khodakarami, L. 2009. Evaluation of non-point sources of agricultural pollution using GIS and RS [dissertation]. Isfahan: Isfahan University of Technology. (In Persian)
Abrahim, G. M. S. and Parker, R. J. 2008. Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand. Environ Monit Assess, 136(1-3), 227–238.
Al- Nakshabandi, G. A., Saqqar, M. M., Shatanawi, M. R., Fayyad, M. and Al-Horani, H. 1997. Some environmental problems associated with the use of treated wastewater for irrigation in Jordan. Agric Water Manag, 34(1), 81– 94.
Huang, S. W. and Jin, J. Y. 2008. Status of heavy metals in agricultural soils as affected by different patterns of land use. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 139(1-3), 317–327.
Li, P. J., Stagnitti, F., Xiong, X. and Peterson, J. 2009. Temporal and spatial distribution patterns of heavy metals in soil at a long-standing sewage farm. Environ Monit Assess, 149(1-4), 275–282.
Liu, W. H., Zhao, J. Z., Ouyang, Z. Y., Soderlund, L. and Liu, G. H. 2005. Impacts of sewage irrigation on heavy metal distribution and contamination in Beijing, China. Environment International, 31(6), 805 – 812.
