• الصفحة الرئيسية
  • بررسی و مقایسه آزمایش‌ها و مدل‌های ریاضی انتشار گازهای سنگین

شارک

عنوان URL للمقالة


رقم المقالة : JEST-1611-3126 (R2) زيارة : 83 الصفحة: 169 - 184

10.30495/jest.2019.21912.3126

نوع المخطوط: ابحاث

بررسی و مقایسه آزمایش‌ها و مدل‌های ریاضی انتشار گازهای سنگین

الموضوعات :

نرجس همتی علم 1 (دانشجوی دکتری، پژوهشکده فناوری های شیمیایی، سازمان پژوهشهای علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران، ایران.)
اسلام کاشی 2 (استادیار مهندسی شیمی، پژوهشکده فناوری های شیمیایی، سازمان پژوهشهای علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
راضیه حبیب پور 3 (استادیار شیمی فیزیک، پژوهشکده فناوری های شیمیایی، سازمان پژوهشهای علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران، ایران.)

تاريخ الإرسال : 12 السبت , صفر, 1438 تاريخ التأكيد : 23 الأربعاء , شوال, 1440 تاريخ الإصدار : 17 السبت , ربيع الأول, 1443

الکلمات المفتاحية: انتشار گاز سنگین, CFD, آزمایش‌‌های انتشار گاز, مدل‌های انتشار گاز, مدل‌های اغتشاش,

ملخص المقالة :

زمینه و هدف :رهایش و پراکندگی ابر گازهای سمی و آتشگیر در جو یکی از حوادث حائز اهمیت در ایمنی فرآیندهاست. پیش بینی نحوه انتشار گازها پس از رهایش آن ها به عنوان یک حادثه خطر زا برای جمعیت های انسانی مجاور صنایع یا محیط زیست برای کاهش خسارات ناشی از آن دارای اهمیت ویژه ای می باشد. آنالیز ریسک معمولاً با نرم افزارهایی که بر پایه آزمایش های تجربی و روش های ریاضی استوارند، انجام می شوند.روش بررسی: برای به دست آوردن مدل ها و ارزیابی مدل های ارائه شده چندین آزمایش در تحقیقات مختلف انجام گرفته است. آزمایش های انجام یافته در زمینه انتشار گاز را می توان به دو دسته اصلی آزمایش های میدانی و آزمایش های در تونل باد تقسیم بندی کرد. از جمله آزمایش های میدانی مهم می توان به آزمایش های Kit Fox، Thorney Island ، Coyote اشاره کرد. آزمایش های گروه PREP، EMU از جمله آزمایش های صورت گرفته ی مهم در تونل باد می باشند. در بسیاری از موارد به دلیل آن که حادثه بیشتر در فضای باز رخ می دهد، بررسی انتشار گاز در فضای باز بدون حضور مانع و یا در حضور مانع به نمایندگی از ساختمان ها و تجهیزات فرآیندی انجام یافته است. در برخی از مطالعات نیز انتشار گاز در فضای بسته و ساختمان های بزرگ صورت گرفته است. در مدل‌سازی انتشار گاز، ابتدا مدل های ساده با عنوان مدل های جعبه ای، مدل های پلوم پایدار، مدل های انتگرالی و بعد مدل های پیشرفته تر مانند مدل های لاگرانژی و مدل های لاگرانژی گوسی ارائه شده است. در سال های اخیر نیز استفاده از روش های دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی مورد توجه است. مدل های LES، RANSوDNS از جمله مدل های بکار برده شده در روش CFD می باشند.یافته ها: گازها و سناریوهای رهایش گوناگونی در کارهای یاد شده مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته اند. از دیگر موارد تاثیر گذار بر انتشار گاز می توان به توپوگرافی محل رهایش و بستر انتشار گاز اشاره کرد که در آزمایش ها و شبیه سازی های عددی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته اند.بحث و نتیجه گیری: در زمان استفاده و استناد به آزمایش ها و مدل‌های ارائه شده، تا حد ممکن بایستی شرایط سناریو با آزمایش و مدل نزدیک باشد. از این شرایط می‌توان به نوع گاز، بستر انتشار گاز، نحوه برون ریزی و نشت گاز ( آنی یا پیوسته) و شرایط محیطی دیگر اشاره کرد.

المصادر:




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  1. Sklavounos and F. Rigas, "Validation of turbulence models in heavy gas dispersion over obstacles," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 108, pp. 9-20, 2004.
    2.
  2. Assael MJ, Kakosimos KE. Fires, explosions, and toxic gas dispersions: effects calculation and risk analysis: CRC Press; 2010.
    3.
  3. Rigas F, Konstandinidou M, Centola P, Reggio G. Safety analysis and risk assessment in a new pesticide production line. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 2003;16(2):103-9.
    4.
  4. Tauseef S, Rashtchian D, Abbasi S. CFD-based simulation of dense gas dispersion in presence of obstacles. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 2011;24(4):371-6.
    5.
  5. Meroney RN. CFD modeling of dense gas cloud dispersion over irregular terrain. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2012;104:500-8.
    6.
  6. Kashi E., Shahraki F., Rashtchian D, Mohebinia S., Investigation of gas dispersion and explosion in obstacle area with CFD analysis, Amirkabir 19(68)7. (In Persian)
    7.
  7. Kashi E, Mirzaei F, Mirzaei F. Analysis of Chlorine Gas Incident Simulation and Dispersion Within a Complex and Populated Urban Area Via Computation Fluid Dynamics. Advances in Environmental Science and Technology. 2015;1(1):49-58.
    8.
  8. Siddiqui M, Jayanti S, Swaminathan T. CFD analysis of dense gas dispersion in indoor environment for risk assessment and risk mitigation. Journal of hazardous materials. 2012;209:177-85.
    9.
  9. Cocchi G. Modeling instantaneous heavy gas releases with FDS5. Fire Safety Journal. 2014;69:89-98.
    10.
  10. Markiewicz M. A Review of Mathematical Models for the Atmospheric Dispersion of Heavy Gases. Part I. A Classification of Models. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S. 2012;19(3):297-314.
    11.
  11. Hanna S, Drivas P, Chang J. Guidelinesfor use of vapour cloud dispersion models. CCPS, AI Ch. E., New York; 1996.
    12.
  12. Havens J. Review of dense gas dispersion field experiments. Journal of loss prevention in the process industries. 1992;5(1):28-41.
    13.
  13. Briggs G, Britter R, Hanna S, Havens J, Robins A, Snyder W. Dense gas vertical diffusion over rough surfaces: results of wind-tunnel studies. Atmospheric Environment. 2001;35(13):2265-84.
    14.
  14. Hanna SR, Hansen OR, Dharmavaram S. FLACS CFD air quality model performance evaluation with Kit Fox, MUST, Prairie Grass, and EMU observations. Atmospheric Environment. 2004;38(28):4675-87.
    15.
  15. Barad ML. Project PRAIRIE GRASS, a field program in diffusion. Volume II. DTIC Document, 1958.
    16.
  16. Goldwire Jr H, Rodean H, Cederwall R, Kansa E, Koopman R, McClure J, et al. Coyote series data report LLNL/NWC 1981 LNG spill tests dispersion, vapor burn, and rapid-phase-transition. Volume 1.[7 experiments with liquefied natural gas, 2 with liquid methane, and one with liquid nitrogen]. Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA), 1983.
    17.
  17. Sklavounos S, Rigas F. Simulation of Coyote series trials—Part I:: CFD estimation of non-isothermal LNG releases and comparison with box-model predictions. Chemical Engineering Science. 2006-61(5):1434-43.
    18.
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    19.
  19. Crabol B, Roux A, Lhomme V. Interpretation of the Thorney Island Phase I trials with the box model CIGALE2. Journal of hazardous materials. 1987;16:201-14.
    20.
  20. Puttock J, Colenbrander G. Thorney Island data and dispersion modelling. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 1985;11:381-97.
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    25.
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    26.
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  27. Pramod Kumara A-AF. Performance Analysis of an Air Quality CFD Model in Complex Environments: Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation with EMU Observations. Building and Environment. 2016.
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  29. Rigas F, Sklavounos S. Simulation of Coyote series trials—Part II: A computational approach to ignition and combustion of flammable vapor clouds. Chemical Engineering Science. 2006;61(5):1444-52.
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