باروری ابرها از منظر حقوق بین الملل محیط زیست
الموضوعات :احمدرضا توحیدی 1 , وحید کوثری 2
1 - دانشیار گروه حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکده¬ی حقوق، دانشگاه قم. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشجوی دکتری دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه قم.
الکلمات المفتاحية: بارورسازی ابرها, دستکاری محیط زیست, خسارات زیست محیطی, کنوانسیون اِنمود, حقوق بنیادین بشری.,
ملخص المقالة :
در دهه های اخیر که موضوع تغییرات اقلیمی و بحث خشکسالی های منطقه ای قابل مشاهده شده است یکی از مباحث ناشی از رشد تکنولوژی، موضوع بارورسازی ابرها است که به منظور تاثیرگذاری روی ابرهای طبیعی با استفاده از مواد شیمیایی یا سایر ابزارها، جهت تحریک آنها به بارش به شکل باران یا برف، از نیمه دوم قرن بیستم میلادی از سوی برخی کشورها با دلایل مختلفی چون مبارز با کمبود آب وکنترل خشکسالی به کار گرفته شد. با توجه به رواج بارورسازی ابرها، صرف نظر از اهداف مختلف کشورها در این زمینه و فارغ از موافقان و مخالفان این اقدامِ زیست محیطی، ترسیم ابعاد حقوقی باروری ابرها در عرصهی بینالمللی، ضرورت مطالعه را تبیین می نماید لذا این نوشتار با توسل به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و گردآوری اطلاعات به صورت کتابخانهای درصدد شناساندن ابعاد حقوق بینالمللی و بررسی قواعد و مقررات بینالمللی حاکم بر این پدیده بر آمده است. برای دولتها در بارورسازی ابرها هم در محدودهی سرزمینی و هم فراسرزمینی آن تعهداتی در قالب اسناد، اصول بینالمللی زیست محیطی و نیز در رویههای قضایی بینالمللی، اعم از مستقیم یا غیرمستقیم وجود دارد که برخی صریح و برخی نیز به صورت ضمنی به باروسازی ابرها قابل تسری است و توجه به این قواعد سخت ونرم توسط سیاست گذاران کشور بایسته می باشد.
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