ارزیابی وضعیت پایداری در کلان‌شهر اهواز با استفاده از روش جای پای اکولوژیک
الموضوعات :
محمد رحیم رهنما
1
(
استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده ادبیات، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
)
سید مصطفی حسینی
2
(
دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
)
تاريخ الإرسال : 11 الأحد , رمضان, 1436
تاريخ التأكيد : 11 الأربعاء , شعبان, 1437
تاريخ الإصدار : 16 الخميس , صفر, 1443
الکلمات المفتاحية:
جای پای اکولوژیک,
ظرفیت زیستی,
توسعه پایدار,
کلان‌شهر اهواز,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: یکی از مهم‌ترین شروط ارتقا کیفیت زندگی در حال و آینده، دست‌یابی به توسعه‌ای پایدار در سطح جامعه است. توسعه پایدار مفهومی پیچیده و مبهم بوده که همواره با روش‌های مختلفی مورد سنجش قرار گرفته است. امروزه بهترین روش تعیین میزان پایداری جوامع، بررسی اثرات فعالیت‌های انسان بر طبیعت است. بر این اساس، در این پژوهش با بررسی وضعیت جای پای اکولوژیک و ظرفیت زیستی شهر اهواز، وضعیت پایداری در این شهر مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.
روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر از لحاظ هدف کاربردی است که با استفاده از روش توصیفی تحلیلی انجام شده است. در این پژوهش ابتدا جای پای اکولوژیک و ظرفیت زیستی کلان‌شهر اهواز تعیین گردید، سپس وضعیت این کلان‌شهر با شرایط جهان، آسیا و ایران از نظر جای پای اکولوژیک و ظرفیت زیستی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از تحقیق نشان داد که سرانه جای پای مصرف در شهر اهواز برابر با 4/1 هکتار و برای کل شهر 356/1542298 هکتار و سرانه ظرفیت زیستی در این شهر برابر با 406/0 هکتار و برای کل شهر 1/444751 هکتار است که در این بین سهم جای پای مصرف در بخش حمل و نقل با 69/0 هکتار و سهم جای پای آب با 006/0 هکتار به ترتیب بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین سهم را در جای پای اکولوژیک کلی شهر اهواز دارند.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که جای پای اکولوژیک شهر اهواز نسبت به سطح جهانی 85/47 درصد، نسبت به آسیا 9/20 درصد و نسبت به کشور 46/47 درصد و ظرفیت زیستی این شهر نسبت به جهان 18/77 درصد، نسبت به آسیا 48/50 درصد و نسبت به کشور 87/49 درصد کم‌تر است.
المصادر:
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Eva, D., Javier, F., Salvador, O., and et al. 2012. Carbon and ecological footprints as toolsfor evaluating the environmental impact of coal mine ventilation air. EcologicalIndicators, No. 18, pp. 126–130.
Kitzes, J., Moran, D., Galli, A., Wada, Y., and Wackernagel, M. 2009. Interpretation and application of the Ecological Footprint: a reply to Fiala (2008). Ecol. Econ. No. 68, pp. 929–930.
Wackernagel, M., Schulz, B., Deumling, D., Linares, A.C., Jenkins, M., Kapos, V., Monfreda, C., Loh, J., Myers, N., Norgaard, R., and Randers, J. 2002. Tracking the ecological overshoot of the human economy. PNAS Vol. 99, No.14, pp. 9266–9271.
Bin, G., Parker, P., 2012. Measuring buildings for sustainability: comparing the initial and retrofit ecological footprint of a century home—The REEP House. Appl. Energy No. 93, pp. 24–32.
Walsh, C., O’Regan, B., and Moles, R. 2009. Incorporating methane into Ecological Footprint analysis: a case study of Ireland. Ecol. Econ. No. 68, pp. 1952–1962.
Zhao, S., Li, Z., Li, W. 2005. A modified method of Ecological Footprint calculation and its application. Ecol. Model. No.185, pp. 65–75.
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Galli, A. 2015. On the rationale and policy usefulness of Ecological Footprint Accounting: The case of Morocco. Environmental science & policy, No.48, pp. 210-224.
González-Vallejo, P., Marrero, M., and Solis Guzman, J. 2015. The ecological footprint of dwelling construction in Spain. Ecological Indicators, No. 52, pp.75-84.
Liu, M., Zhang, D., Min, Q., Xie, G., and Su, N. 2014. The calculation of productivity factor for ecological footprints in China: A methodological note. Ecological Indicators, No.38, pp.124-129.
Saraei., M.A, Zareei, A. 2011. Study of Ecological Capital with EF Index: Case Study, Iran, Geography and environmental planning, 22(1), 97-106. (In Persian)
Shakor., A, Qureishi., B, Lashkari., Lashkari., M, Jafari., M, 2011. Evaluation and evaluation of how tourism is sustainable in the lost paradise of Bavan Mamasani using ecological footprint model, Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography Quarterly, No. 3, 57-67. (In Persian)
Wackernagel, M., Rees, W.E. 1996. Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, Canada.
Zhang, G.B., and Wang, A.Z. 2007. The ecological footprint of middle China in 2004.Ecology and Environment, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 598–601 (in Chinese. (
Wackernagel, M. 2013. Letter to the Editor: comment on Ecological Footprint policy? Land use as an environmental indicator. J. Ind. Ecol., http://dx.doi.org/10.1 111/ jiec. 12094
Rees, W.E., and Wackernagel, M. 2013. The shoe fits, but the footprint is larger than earth. PLoS Biol. No. 11 (11) e1001701, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pbio. 1001 701.
Wackernagel, M., Monfreda, C., Schulz, N.B., and et al. 2004. Calculating national andglobal ecological footprint time series: resolving conceptual challenges. LandUse Policy, No. 21, pp. 271–278.
Chambers, N., Simmons, C., and Wackernagel, M. 2001. Ecological Footprint Analysis:Towards a Sustainability Indicator for Business. Earthscan Publications Ltd.,London.
Van den Bergh, J.C.J.M., and Verbruggen, H. 1999. Spatial sustainability, trade and indica-tors: an evaluation of the ‘ecological footprint’. Ecological Economics No. 29, pp. 61–72.
Gharakhluo, M., Hataminezhad, H., Baghvand., A. Yalve., M. 2013. Urban Sustainable Development Assessment with Regard to Footprint Ecological Method (Case Study: Kermanshah City), Human Geography Research Quarterly, 45(2), 105-120. (In Persian)
Rahnama, M.R., Ebadinia, F. 2015. Analysis of Sustainable Transportation in Mashhad Using Ecological Footprint, Journal of Geography and environmental Hazards, 3(3), 93-106. (In Persian)
Pezzetta,W.E., Drossman H. 2005.The Ecological Footprint of the Colorado College: An Examination of Sustainability. http://www2.coloradocollege.edu/ Sustainability/ Eco Footprint.
Management and Planning Organization of Khuzestan Province, 2013. Statistical Yearbook of Khuzestan Province, (In Persian).
Samadpour, P., Faryadi., SH., 2008. Determination of Ecological Footprints of Dense and High-Rise Districts, Case Study of Elahie Neighborhood-Tehran, Journal of environmental studies, 34(45), 63-72. (In Persian)
Deputy of Planning and Development of Ahvaz Municipality, 2011. Ahvaz City Statistics, Public Relations and International Affairs Publications of Ahvaz Municipality. (In Persian)
Hosseinzadeh Dalir, K., Sasanpour., F. 2006. Ecological method in the sustainability of metropolises, with a view to the metropolis of Tehran. Geographical Research Quarterly, No. 3, 83-101. (In Persian)
_||_
Morse, S. 2008. Post sustainable development. Sustainable development, No.I6, 341352(http://www.interscience.wiley.com).
Maleki, S., Damanbagh., S. 2013. Evaluation of sustainable development indexes with emphasis on physical and social indexes and urban services (A case study of Ahvaz city), Journal of urban structure and function studies, 1(3), 29-54. (In Persian)
Jomepour, M., Hataminejad, H., Shahanavaz, S. 2013. An Investigation on Sustainable Development in Rasht County Using Ecological Footprint, Human Geography Research Quarterly, 45(3), 191-208. (In Persian)
Eva, D., Javier, F., Salvador, O., and et al. 2012. Carbon and ecological footprints as toolsfor evaluating the environmental impact of coal mine ventilation air. EcologicalIndicators, No. 18, pp. 126–130.
Kitzes, J., Moran, D., Galli, A., Wada, Y., and Wackernagel, M. 2009. Interpretation and application of the Ecological Footprint: a reply to Fiala (2008). Ecol. Econ. No. 68, pp. 929–930.
Wackernagel, M., Schulz, B., Deumling, D., Linares, A.C., Jenkins, M., Kapos, V., Monfreda, C., Loh, J., Myers, N., Norgaard, R., and Randers, J. 2002. Tracking the ecological overshoot of the human economy. PNAS Vol. 99, No.14, pp. 9266–9271.
Bin, G., Parker, P., 2012. Measuring buildings for sustainability: comparing the initial and retrofit ecological footprint of a century home—The REEP House. Appl. Energy No. 93, pp. 24–32.
Walsh, C., O’Regan, B., and Moles, R. 2009. Incorporating methane into Ecological Footprint analysis: a case study of Ireland. Ecol. Econ. No. 68, pp. 1952–1962.
Zhao, S., Li, Z., Li, W. 2005. A modified method of Ecological Footprint calculation and its application. Ecol. Model. No.185, pp. 65–75.
National Footprint Accounts 2016 (Data Year 2012); World Development Indicators, The World Bank (2016); U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, Retrieval 2017/02/09 from http://www.footprint network.org /content/documents/ecological footprint nations.
Galli, A. 2015. On the rationale and policy usefulness of Ecological Footprint Accounting: The case of Morocco. Environmental science & policy, No.48, pp. 210-224.
González-Vallejo, P., Marrero, M., and Solis Guzman, J. 2015. The ecological footprint of dwelling construction in Spain. Ecological Indicators, No. 52, pp.75-84.
Liu, M., Zhang, D., Min, Q., Xie, G., and Su, N. 2014. The calculation of productivity factor for ecological footprints in China: A methodological note. Ecological Indicators, No.38, pp.124-129.
Saraei., M.A, Zareei, A. 2011. Study of Ecological Capital with EF Index: Case Study, Iran, Geography and environmental planning, 22(1), 97-106. (In Persian)
Shakor., A, Qureishi., B, Lashkari., Lashkari., M, Jafari., M, 2011. Evaluation and evaluation of how tourism is sustainable in the lost paradise of Bavan Mamasani using ecological footprint model, Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography Quarterly, No. 3, 57-67. (In Persian)
Wackernagel, M., Rees, W.E. 1996. Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, Canada.
Zhang, G.B., and Wang, A.Z. 2007. The ecological footprint of middle China in 2004.Ecology and Environment, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 598–601 (in Chinese. (
Wackernagel, M. 2013. Letter to the Editor: comment on Ecological Footprint policy? Land use as an environmental indicator. J. Ind. Ecol., http://dx.doi.org/10.1 111/ jiec. 12094
Rees, W.E., and Wackernagel, M. 2013. The shoe fits, but the footprint is larger than earth. PLoS Biol. No. 11 (11) e1001701, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pbio. 1001 701.
Wackernagel, M., Monfreda, C., Schulz, N.B., and et al. 2004. Calculating national andglobal ecological footprint time series: resolving conceptual challenges. LandUse Policy, No. 21, pp. 271–278.
Chambers, N., Simmons, C., and Wackernagel, M. 2001. Ecological Footprint Analysis:Towards a Sustainability Indicator for Business. Earthscan Publications Ltd.,London.
Van den Bergh, J.C.J.M., and Verbruggen, H. 1999. Spatial sustainability, trade and indica-tors: an evaluation of the ‘ecological footprint’. Ecological Economics No. 29, pp. 61–72.
Gharakhluo, M., Hataminezhad, H., Baghvand., A. Yalve., M. 2013. Urban Sustainable Development Assessment with Regard to Footprint Ecological Method (Case Study: Kermanshah City), Human Geography Research Quarterly, 45(2), 105-120. (In Persian)
Rahnama, M.R., Ebadinia, F. 2015. Analysis of Sustainable Transportation in Mashhad Using Ecological Footprint, Journal of Geography and environmental Hazards, 3(3), 93-106. (In Persian)
Pezzetta,W.E., Drossman H. 2005.The Ecological Footprint of the Colorado College: An Examination of Sustainability. http://www2.coloradocollege.edu/ Sustainability/ Eco Footprint.
Management and Planning Organization of Khuzestan Province, 2013. Statistical Yearbook of Khuzestan Province, (In Persian).
Samadpour, P., Faryadi., SH., 2008. Determination of Ecological Footprints of Dense and High-Rise Districts, Case Study of Elahie Neighborhood-Tehran, Journal of environmental studies, 34(45), 63-72. (In Persian)
Deputy of Planning and Development of Ahvaz Municipality, 2011. Ahvaz City Statistics, Public Relations and International Affairs Publications of Ahvaz Municipality. (In Persian)
Hosseinzadeh Dalir, K., Sasanpour., F. 2006. Ecological method in the sustainability of metropolises, with a view to the metropolis of Tehran. Geographical Research Quarterly, No. 3, 83-101. (In Persian)
