بررسی روند تغییرات کمی سیمای سرزمین در استان کرمانشاه مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیر قره سو و مرگ (سال های 1984، 2000 و 2016)
الموضوعات :فاطمه مردانی یاقوتی 1 , مهرداد خانمحمدی 2 , پیمان کرمی 3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان.
3 - دکتری محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ملایر.
الکلمات المفتاحية: "حوزه آبخیز قره سو و مرگ, "استان کرمانشاه, "تکه تکه شدن, "کاربری اراضی, "تغییرات سیمای سرزمین,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: سرعت تغییر اکوسیستم ها در سال های اخیر چنان بوده که امکان سازگاری موجودات زنده با تغییرات محیطی به سختی صورت می گیرد و این عارضه ناشی از عدم توجه به تغییرات کاربری اراضی و بهرهبرداری از منابع طبیعی است. هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی روند تغییرات کمی سیمای سرزمین در حوزه آبخیز قره سو و مرگ در استان کرمانشاه است.روش بررسی: به منظور پایش تغییرات از تصاویر ماهواره لندست در تاریخ های ETM+) 2000 ،(TM) 1984) و 2016 (OLI-TIRS) استفاده شد. طبقهبندی با استفاده از روش شبکه عصبی مصنوعی (MLP) انجام گرفت. پوشش موجود در هفت طبقه تقسیم شد. متریکهای Patch Density) PD ،(Number of Patch) NP ،PLAND) و Edge Density) ED)در سطح کلاس،Contagion) CONTAG ،(Largest Patch Index) LPI ،NP) و Shannon's diversity index) SHDI) در سطح سیمای سرزمین برای منطقه مورد مطالعه محاسبه گردید. یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج، بیشترین درصد پوشش منطقه در سالهای مورد مطالعه مربوط به اراضی کشاورزی و سپس مراتع متوسط است. تعداد لکههای اراضی کشاورزی در بازه زمانی 2000-1984 به علت تبدیل مراتع متوسط به اراضی کشاورزی افزایش و در بازه زمانی 2016 -2000 به دلیل تبدیل به مراتع متوسط با نرخ کمتر کاهش یافته و همچنین تعداد لکههای جنگلی در بازه زمانی اول به علت تبدیل به مراتع متوسط کاهش و در بازه زمانی دوم افزایش یافته است. بحث و نتیجه گیری: بررسی متریکهای سیمای سرزمین بیانگر افزایش پیوستگی سیمای سرزمین، کاهش تکه تکه شدگی و تنوع در بازه زمانی اول است و در مقابل در بازه زمانی دوم کاهش پیوستگی، افزایش تکه تکه شدگی و تنوع دیده می شود. با توجه به اینکه، روند تغییرات سیمای سرزمین در دو بازه زمانی متفاوت است؛ به طور کلی می توان ذکر کرد که تکهتکه شدن و تنوع سیمای سرزمین کمتر و پیوستگی لکه های آن بیشتر شده است.
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- Salajeghe, B., Monavari, S.M., Karbassi, A., Khorasani, N., Shariat, S.M., 2011. Study on Land Degradation in Kish Island Using Landscape Metrics and Changes Detection. Environmental Researches. pp. 99-110. (In Persian)
- Zeinivand, H., 2015. Analysis of the effects of precipitation amounts on daily runoff in Gharesou basin in Kermanshah Province. Iran. Iranian Journal of EcoHYDROLOGY. Vol. 1(2), pp. 143-152.
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- Lu, D., Weng, Q., 2007. A survey of image classification methods and techniques for improving classification performance. International journal of Remote sensing. Vol. 28(5), pp. 823-870.
- Mas, J.F., Velázquez, A., Díaz-Gallegos, J.R., Mayorga-Saucedo, R., Alcántara, C., Bocco, G., Castro, R., Fernández, T., Pérez-Vega, A., 2004. Assessing land use/cover changes: a nationwide multidate spatial database for Mexico. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 5(4), pp. 249-261.
- Pelletreau, A., 2004. Pricing soil degradation in uplands, the case of the Houay Pano catchment, Lao PDR. Internship Report. IRD-IWMI-NAFRI, Vientiane, Laos. 64p.
- Ustine, S.L., 2004. Remote sensing for natural resource management and environmental monitoring. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. 3rd Ed. Vol. 4, pp. 522.
- Xiao, D. N., Zhong, L. S. 1998. Ecological principles of landscape classification and assessment. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology. Vol. 9, pp. 217-231.
- Naveh, Z., Liberman, A., 1984. Landscape ecology: theory and application. Springer-Verlag New York, , Inc. NY, USA.
- Buyantuyev, A., Wu, J., Gries, C., 2010. Multiscale analysis of the urbanization pattern of the Phoenix metropolitan landscape of USA: Time, space and thematic resolution. Landscape and Urban Planning. Vol. 94(3), pp. 206-217.
- Salman Mahiny, A., 2007. Landscape metrics and erosion risk as two classes of quantitative Indicators for rapid environmental impact assessment. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Vol. 14(1), pp. 139-150. (In Persian)
- Ben-Dor, E., Chabrillat, S., Demattê, J.A.M., Taylor, G.R., Hill, J., Whiting, M.L. Sommer, S., 2009. Using imaging spectroscopy to study soil properties. Remote Sensing of Environment. Vol. 113, pp. S38-S55.
- Seto, K.C., Woodcock, C.E., Song, C., Huang, X., Lu, J., Kaufmann, R.K., 2002. Monitoring land-use change in the Pearl River Delta using Landsat TM. International Journal of Remote Sensing. Vol. 23(10), pp. 1985-2004.
- Deng, J.S., Wang, K., Hong, Y., Qi, J.G., 2009. Spatio-temporal dynamics and evolution of land use change and landscape pattern in response to rapid urbanization. Landscape and urban planning. Vol. 92(3-4), pp. 187-198.
- Alphan, H., Çelik, N., 2014. Mapping spatial variations of land cover in a coastal landscape using pattern metrics. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. Vol. 120, pp. 23-30.
- Arekhi, S., Fathizad, H., 2014. Analyzing landscape degradation using landscape ecological metrics, remote sensing and GIS (Case study: Doiraj watershed, Ilam province). Iranian Journal of Rangeland and Desert Research. Vol. 21(3), pp. 466-481. (In Persian)
- Salajeghe, B., Monavari, S.M., Karbassi, A., Khorasani, N., Shariat, S.M., 2011. Study on Land Degradation in Kish Island Using Landscape Metrics and Changes Detection. Environmental Researches. pp. 99-110. (In Persian)
- Zeinivand, H., 2015. Analysis of the effects of precipitation amounts on daily runoff in Gharesou basin in Kermanshah Province. Iran. Iranian Journal of EcoHYDROLOGY. Vol. 1(2), pp. 143-152.
- Matkan, A., Zeinivand, H., Bayat, B., Ghafouri Roozbahani, A., Mirbagheri, B., 2011. Simulation of Daily Stream Flow and the Effects of Land Use Changes Using WetSpa Model in GIS (Case Study: Mereg Watershed, Kermanshah Province, Iran). Iranian Journal of Remote Sencing & GIS. Vol. 4(1), pp. 1-18. (In Persian)
- Hosseini, M., Ghafouri, A.M., Bayat, B., 2012. Water balance simulation in Karkheh River Basin. Final Report of Research Project, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Tehran, Iran, 83 p. (In Persian)
- Maleki, A., Hesadi, H., Naderian, P., 2009. Site Selection of Artificial Rechange of Mereg Watershed Aquifer. Geographical Research. Vol 24(1), pp. 53-78. (In Persian)
- Barati GHahfarokhi, S., Soltani , S., KHajeddin , S.J., Rayegani, B., 2009. Investigation of Land Use Changes in Qale Shahrokh Basin Using Remote Sensing (1975 - 2002). Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Vol. 13(47), pp. 349-365. (In Persian)
- Arekhi, S., Fathizad, H., 2014. Evaluating the Efficiency of Four Artificial Neural Network Methods in Preparing Land Cover/Land Use Map Using ETM+ Data Case study: Doiraje, Mehran and Sarableh. Geography and Development Iranian Journal. Vol. 12(37), pp. 133-146. (In Persian)
- Lu, D., Mausel, P., Brondizio, E., Moran, E., 2004. Change detection techniques. International journal of remote sensing. Vol. 25(12), pp. 2365-2401.
- Rafii, Y., Malekmohammadi, B., Abkar, A., Yavari, A., Ramezani Mehrian, M., Zohrabi, H., 2011. Environmental Change Detection of Wetlands and Protected Areas Using Multi Temporal Images of TM Sensor (Case Study: Neyriz Wetland, Iran). Journal of Environmental Studies. Vol. 37(57), pp. 1-12. (In Persian)
- McGarigal, K., Marks, B.J., 1995. FRAGSTATS: spatial pattern a Zohrabi nalysis program for quantifying landscape structure.
- Weng, Y.C., 2007. Spatiotemporal changes of landscape pattern in response to urbanization. Landscape and urban planning.Vol. 81(4), pp. 341-353.
- Başkent, E.Z., Kadioğullari, A.I., 2007. Spatial and temporal Dynamics of land use pattern in Turkey: A case study in İnegöl. Landscape and Urban Planning. Vol. 81(4), pp. 316-327.
- Huang, J., Lin, J., Tu, Z., 2010. Detecting spatiotemporal change of land use and landscape pattern in a coastal gulf region, southeast of China. Environment, Development and Sustainability. Vol. 12(1), pp. 35-48.
- Arekhi, S., 2015. Application of Landscape Metrics in Assessing Land Use Changes' Trend by Using Remote Sensing and GIS Case study: Dehloran Desert Area. Geography and Development Iranian Journal. Vol. 13(40), pp. 59-68. (In Persian)
- Bihamta Toosi, N., Safianian, A., Fakheran, S., 2014. Analysis of Land Cover Changes in the Central Part of Isfahan (Iran) Using Landscape Metrics. Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology. Vol. 2 (6), pp. 77-88. (In Persian)
- Herold, M., Couclelis, H. Clarke, K.C., 2005. The role of spatial metrics in the analysis and modeling of urban land use change. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. Vol. 29(4), pp. 369-399.
- Wu, J., 2000. Landscape ecology: Pattern, process, scale and grade, Beijing: Higher Education Press.
- Pabbot, H., 1969. Iran rangelands rehabitation and improve by botanical and ecological studies. translated by sheidaei, G. Natural resource Ministry publishing. Tehran. 219 p.
- Ggeitury, M., Ansari, N., Sanadgool, A., Heshmati, M., 2006. The effective factores of destruction in Kermanshah rangelands. Iranian Journal of Rangeland and Desert Research. Vol. 13(4), pp. 314-323. (In Persian)
- Mosayebi, M., Maleki, M., 2014. Change detection in land use using remote sensing data and GIS (Case study: Ardabil county). Journal of RS and GIS for Natural Resources. Vol. 5(1), pp. 75-86. (In Persian)
- Meshkini, A., Sajadi, J., Tafakori, A., 2011. The Effect of Public Lands and Housing Assignment Policy on Physical Development of Iran Cities (Case Study: Kermanshah City). Geography and Development Iranian Journal. Vol. 9(23), pp. 47-67. (In Persian)
- Brown, G.S., Rettie, W.J. Mallory, F.F., 2006. Application of a variance decomposition method to compare satellite and aerial inventory data: a tool for evaluating wildlife–habitat relationships. Journal of Applied Ecology. Vol. 43(1), pp. 173-184.