بررسی پالایش خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین به‌وسیله گیاه آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.)
الموضوعات :
محمد جعفری
1
(
استاد دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
)
اسفندیار جهانتاب
2
(
گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فسا، فسا، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات).
)
مهدی معمری
3
(
دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران..
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: کمپوست زباله شهری, بیوچار, گیاه‌پالایی, آفتابگردان,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: فلزات سنگین یکی از جدی ترین مشکلات زیست محیطی است که در سراسر دنیا در حال گسترش می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی پالایش خاک های آلوده به فلزات سنگین به وسیله گیاه آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) تحت دو ماده بهساز طبیعی شامل کمپوست زباله شهری و بیوچار (هر کدام در سه سطح 0، 1 % و 2 % وزنی) انجام شد. روش بررسی: طرح به صورت آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 5 تکرار انجام شد. در پایان دوره کشت، اندم های هوایی و زیرزمینی گیاهان برداشت و برخی از خصوصیات مهم در خاک و عناصر موجود در گیاهان اندازه گیری شد. مقدار کل فلز سنگین سرب با استفاده از دستگاه ICP-OES اندازه گیری شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل آماری اطلاعات اندازه گیری شده از آزمون تجزیه واریانس در نرم افزار SPSS استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که بین کاربرد تیمارهای مورد استفاده در این تحقیق در غلظت کادمیم، سرب، روی، کروم و نیکل اندام‌های هوایی و ریشه آفتابگردان و مقدار کادمیم کل و تبادلی خاک اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود دارد. تیمارهای کمپوست زباله شهری و بیوچار باعث افزایش جذب فلزات سنگین کادمیم، سرب، روی و کروم در خاک توسط گیاه آفتابگردان شدند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج تحقیق حاضر، به طورکلی می توان بیان کرد که گونه آفتابگردان بر اساس مقادیر شاخص های TF، BCF و BAC می‌تواند به عنوان یک گیاه مناسب برای گیاه پالایی خاک های آلوده منطقه از طریق فرآیند گیاه تثبیتی معرفی شود. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، گیاه آفتابگردان، می تواند به عنوان جذب کننده آلاینده ها استفاده شود و در خاک های آلوده به فلزات سنگین توصیه می شود.
- Ahmadi, B., 2012. The role of heavy metals in human health. July 20 2012. available at: Resources heavy metals.
- Gaur, A., Adholeya, A., 2004. Prospects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. Curr sci, 86: 528-534.
- Cunningham, SD., Berti, WR., Huang, J.W., 1995. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils. Trends Biotechnol, 13: 393–397.
- Chorom, M., Alizadeh, A., 2009. Comparison of synthetic chelates and compost at enhancing phytoextraction of Cd, Ni and Pb from contaminated soil under canola cultivation. Journal of Soil and Water (Agricultural Sciences and Technology), 23 (2): 20-29. (In Persian)
- Hamzei, E., Lakzian, A., Astaraie, A., Fotovat, A., 2013. Effect of biochar and sewage on soil cadmium concentration and growth of Vicia plant. The 3rd National Conference on Integrated Water Management, September 20 and 21, 2013. Sari Agricultural and Natural Resources University. (In Persian)
- Moslehi, A., Fekri, M., Fotovat, A., 2015. Effects of Urban Waste Compost and EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) on the planting of different levels of lead and cadmium by sunflower. Soil Science Researches (Soil and Water Sciences). 28 (2): 34-23. (In Persian)
- Jun, J., Ren-kou, X. Tian-yu, J.B., Zhuo, L., 2012. Immobilization of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) by the addition of rice straw derived biochar to a simulated polluted Ultisol. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 229– 230: 145– 150.
- Wang, M.C., Chen, Y.T., Chen, S.H., Chang Chien, S.W., Sunkara, S.V., 2012. Phytoremediation of pyrene contaminated soils amended with compost and planted with ryegrass and alfalfa. Chemosphere, 87: 217–225.
- Feng, L., Zhang, L., Feng, L., 2014. Dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil amended with sewage sludge compost. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation.
- Khajehpour, M.R., 1997. Production of industrial plants. University Jihad University of Isfahan. 250 pages. (In Persian)
- APHA, AWWA, WEF. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington, 19 Pp.
- Rodojvic, M., Bashkin, V.N., 1999. "Practical Environmental Analysis", the Royal Society of Chemistry, 466p.
- Du Laing, G., Tack F.M.G., Verloo, M.G., 2003. Performance of selected destruction methods for the determination of heavy metals in reed plants Phragmites australis. Jour. Analyt. Chim. Acta. 49: 191–198.
- Yoon, J., Cao, X., Zhou, Q., Ma, L.Q, 2006. Accumulation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in native plants growing on a contaminated Florida site. Science of the Total Environment, 368: 456–464.
- Rezaeian, A., 2014. Effect of Biochar and mycorrhiza on absorption, transport and accumulation of cadmium in the peppermint plant. Master's thesis, Faculty of Agriculture. University of Shahrod. (In Persian)
- Meers, E., Ruttens, A., Hopgood, M.J., Samson, D., Tack, F.M.G., 2005. Comparison of EDTA and EDDS as potential soil amendments for enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals. Chemosphere, 58:1011–1022.
- Sharifi, M., Afyni, M., Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H., 2010. Effect of Sewage Sludge, Compost and Cow Manure on Growth and Yield and Fe, Zn, Mn and Ni Uptake in Tagetes Flower. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse CultureSoilless Culture Research Center, 1(2): 43-54. (In Persian)
- Khadivi Boroujeni, E., 2007. Effect of organic fertilizers on the chemical forms of heavy metals in soil and the absorption of these elements by wheat. MS.c thesises in Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology. (In Persian)
- Jalalipour, S., Gholam Ali Zadeh Ahangar, A., Lakzian, A., Ahmadzadeh, Gh., 2014. Effect of Biochar Application on Some Quantitative Characteristics of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Cadmium Contaminated Soils, Second National Conference on New Issues in Agriculture, Saveh, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch. (In Persian)
- Walker, D.J., Celemnte, R., Roig, A., Bernal, M.P., 2003. The effects of soil amendments on heavy metal bioavailability in two contaminated Mediterranean soils.
- Houben, D., Evrard, L., Sonnet, Ph., 2013. Beneficial effects of biochar application to contaminated soils on the bioavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn and the biomass production of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
- Allahdadi, I., Memari, A., Akbari, Gh.A., Lotfifar, O., 2011. Effect of Different Amounts of Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Soil Properties and Nutrient Concentration and Growth of Corn Yield. plant production technology, 11(1): 1-13. (In Persian)
_||_
- Ahmadi, B., 2012. The role of heavy metals in human health. July 20 2012. available at: Resources heavy metals.
- Gaur, A., Adholeya, A., 2004. Prospects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. Curr sci, 86: 528-534.
- Cunningham, SD., Berti, WR., Huang, J.W., 1995. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils. Trends Biotechnol, 13: 393–397.
- Chorom, M., Alizadeh, A., 2009. Comparison of synthetic chelates and compost at enhancing phytoextraction of Cd, Ni and Pb from contaminated soil under canola cultivation. Journal of Soil and Water (Agricultural Sciences and Technology), 23 (2): 20-29. (In Persian)
- Hamzei, E., Lakzian, A., Astaraie, A., Fotovat, A., 2013. Effect of biochar and sewage on soil cadmium concentration and growth of Vicia plant. The 3rd National Conference on Integrated Water Management, September 20 and 21, 2013. Sari Agricultural and Natural Resources University. (In Persian)
- Moslehi, A., Fekri, M., Fotovat, A., 2015. Effects of Urban Waste Compost and EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) on the planting of different levels of lead and cadmium by sunflower. Soil Science Researches (Soil and Water Sciences). 28 (2): 34-23. (In Persian)
- Jun, J., Ren-kou, X. Tian-yu, J.B., Zhuo, L., 2012. Immobilization of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) by the addition of rice straw derived biochar to a simulated polluted Ultisol. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 229– 230: 145– 150.
- Wang, M.C., Chen, Y.T., Chen, S.H., Chang Chien, S.W., Sunkara, S.V., 2012. Phytoremediation of pyrene contaminated soils amended with compost and planted with ryegrass and alfalfa. Chemosphere, 87: 217–225.
- Feng, L., Zhang, L., Feng, L., 2014. Dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil amended with sewage sludge compost. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation.
- Khajehpour, M.R., 1997. Production of industrial plants. University Jihad University of Isfahan. 250 pages. (In Persian)
- APHA, AWWA, WEF. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington, 19 Pp.
- Rodojvic, M., Bashkin, V.N., 1999. "Practical Environmental Analysis", the Royal Society of Chemistry, 466p.
- Du Laing, G., Tack F.M.G., Verloo, M.G., 2003. Performance of selected destruction methods for the determination of heavy metals in reed plants Phragmites australis. Jour. Analyt. Chim. Acta. 49: 191–198.
- Yoon, J., Cao, X., Zhou, Q., Ma, L.Q, 2006. Accumulation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in native plants growing on a contaminated Florida site. Science of the Total Environment, 368: 456–464.
- Rezaeian, A., 2014. Effect of Biochar and mycorrhiza on absorption, transport and accumulation of cadmium in the peppermint plant. Master's thesis, Faculty of Agriculture. University of Shahrod. (In Persian)
- Meers, E., Ruttens, A., Hopgood, M.J., Samson, D., Tack, F.M.G., 2005. Comparison of EDTA and EDDS as potential soil amendments for enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals. Chemosphere, 58:1011–1022.
- Sharifi, M., Afyni, M., Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H., 2010. Effect of Sewage Sludge, Compost and Cow Manure on Growth and Yield and Fe, Zn, Mn and Ni Uptake in Tagetes Flower. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse CultureSoilless Culture Research Center, 1(2): 43-54. (In Persian)
- Khadivi Boroujeni, E., 2007. Effect of organic fertilizers on the chemical forms of heavy metals in soil and the absorption of these elements by wheat. MS.c thesises in Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology. (In Persian)
- Jalalipour, S., Gholam Ali Zadeh Ahangar, A., Lakzian, A., Ahmadzadeh, Gh., 2014. Effect of Biochar Application on Some Quantitative Characteristics of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Cadmium Contaminated Soils, Second National Conference on New Issues in Agriculture, Saveh, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch. (In Persian)
- Walker, D.J., Celemnte, R., Roig, A., Bernal, M.P., 2003. The effects of soil amendments on heavy metal bioavailability in two contaminated Mediterranean soils.
- Houben, D., Evrard, L., Sonnet, Ph., 2013. Beneficial effects of biochar application to contaminated soils on the bioavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn and the biomass production of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
- Allahdadi, I., Memari, A., Akbari, Gh.A., Lotfifar, O., 2011. Effect of Different Amounts of Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Soil Properties and Nutrient Concentration and Growth of Corn Yield. plant production technology, 11(1): 1-13. (In Persian)
