الگوی توزیع مکانی کیفیت آب رودخانه پیرغار با استفاده از شاخص کیفیت آب -(NSFWQI) و سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)
الموضوعات :
رسول زمانی احمدمحمودی
1
(دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران. * (مسول مکاتبات))
فاطمه قائدامینی
2
(کارشناسی ارشد بوم‌شناسی آبزیان، گروه شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران)
مریم نجفی
3
(کارشناسی مهندسی بهداشت محیط، شرکت آب و فاضلاب استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، ایران.)
تاريخ الإرسال : 25 الأربعاء , محرم, 1438
تاريخ التأكيد : 03 الأربعاء , ذو القعدة, 1438
تاريخ الإصدار : 09 الأربعاء , رمضان, 1442
الکلمات المفتاحية:
استان چهارمحال وبختیاری,
NSFWQI,
رودخانه پیرغار,
GIS,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: با توجه به اهمیت رودخانه پیرغار و همچنین تخلیه آلاینده های مختلف به آن، بررسی کیفی آب رودخانه پیرغار لازم و ضروری به نظر می رسد. از طرفی پهنه بندی آلودگی و ارایه تصویر صحیح از وضعیت کیفی آب های سطحی توسط سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) باعث می گردد تا هر گونه تصمیم گیری مدیریتی که اثرات محیط زیستی آن به صورت مستقیم یا غیرمستقیم متوجه آب های سطحی کشور باشد، با آگاهی بیش تری اتخاذ گردد.روش بررسی: به همین منظور نمونه های آب از 5 ایستگاه در طول مسیر رودخانه در بهمن ماه 94 برداشت شد و پارامترهای کیفی آب شامل: pH، کدورت، دما، DO، BOD، TS، نیترات، فسفات و کلی فرم مدفوعی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. نمونه برداری، آماده سازی و آنالیز نمونه ها، طبق روش استاندارد متد انجام پذیرفت. داده های حاصل با استانداردهای جهانی مقایسه شد و بر اساس شاخص NSFWQI مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت و سپس مسیر رودخانه با استفاده از نرم افزار GIS پهنه بندی گردید.یافته ها: براساس نتایج شاخص NSFWQIکیفیت آب رودخانه پیرغار در همه ایستگاه ها در وضعیت های متوسط تا خوب قرار دارد. در بهترین وضعیت، شاخص کیفی NSFWQI مربوط به ایستگاه اول با عدد 78 بوده و پایین ترین مقدار مربوط به ایستگاه پنجم با شاخص کیفی 66 می باشد. درنتیجه، آلودگی از ایستگاه 1 به سمت ایستگاه های بعدی بیش تر شده و کیفیت آب کاسته شده است.بحث و نتیجه گیری: در نتیجه جهت مدیریت اصولی آب این رودخانه باید تمهیداتی اندیشیده شود و برنامه پایش کیفی آب در آن استمرار یابد.
المصادر:
Srebotnjak, T., Carr, G., de Sherbinin, A. and Rickwood, C., 2012. A global Water Quality Index and hot-deck imputation of missing data. Ecological Indicators, 17, pp.108-119.
Ng, A.W.M., Perera, B.J.C. and Tran, D.H., 2006. Improvement of river water quality through a seasonal effluent discharge program (SEDP). Water, air, and soil pollution, 176(1-4), pp.113-137.
Xu, H., Zheng, H., Chen, X., Ren, Y. and Ouyang, Z., 2016. Relationships between river water quality and landscape factors in Haihe River Basin, China: Implications for environmental management. Chinese Geographical Science, 26(2), pp.197-207.
Arpine, H. and Gayane, S., 2016. Determination of background concentrations of hydrochemical parameters and water quality assessment in the Akhuryan River Basin (Armenia). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 94, pp.2-9.
Dos Santos Simões, F., Moreira, A.B., Bisinoti, M.C., Gimenez, S.M.N. and Yabe, M.J.S., 2008. Water quality index as a simple indicator of aquaculture effects on aquatic bodies. Ecological indicators, 8(5), pp.476-484.
Oram, PG, B., 2012 .The Water Quality, monitoring the Quality of surface waters. http:// www.water-research.net.
Abbasi, S.A, 2000. Water Quality Indices. Center for Pollution Control & Energy Technology Punditry University. 134 p.
Sharifinia, M., Imanpour, J. and Bozorgi, A., 2012. Ecological assessment of the Tajan River using feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates and biotic indices. Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology, 1(1), pp.80-95. (In Persain)
Samantray, P., Mishra, B.K., Panda, C.R. and Rout, S.P., 2009. Assessment of water quality index in Mahanadi and Atharabanki Rivers and Taldanda Canal in Paradip area, India. Journal of Human Ecology, 26(3), pp.153-161.
Parham, H., Jafarzadeh Haghighi fard, N., Dehghan, S., and Kiyan Ersi, F., 2007. Investigation of changes in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and some physical and chemical parameters in the behind the Karkheh dam and determination of its balance, Shahid Chamran University Journal of Science, 5, pp.117-125. (In Persian)
TAHMASEBI, S., AFKHAMI, M. and TAKDASTAN, A., 2011. Study of chemical, physical and microbial quality of Gargar River, SW, IRAN, using NSF Water Quality Index. Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences, 3(4), pp.55-64. (In Persain)
Boroujerdnia, A., Nabizadeh, R., Jafarzadeh Haghighi fard, N. and Afkhami, M., 2007. Investigation of water quality of Karun River using NSFWQI software program of Wilkes University and program designed in Iran, 10th National Congress on Environmental Health, Hamedan, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. (In Persian)
Shokuhi, R., Hosinzadeh, E., Roshanaei, G., Alipour, M. and Hoseinzadeh, S., 2012. Evaluation of Aydughmush dam reservoir water quality by National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI) and water quality parameter changes. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, 4(4), pp.439-450. (In Persain)
Fadaei, A., Shariat, S.M., Jafarzadeh Haghighi fard, N. and Sakian, MR., 2006. Simultaneous use of water quality index and GIS system as a management tool (Case study: Dez River in southwestern Iran, 7th International River Engineering Conference, Ahvaz, Water and Power Organization of Khuzestan Province, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. (In Persian)
Sato, K., Amano, K. and Yasuda, Y., 2000, September. Integrating GIS and Water Quality Model: A Case Study in a Volcanic Watershed in Japan. In 4 th International Conference on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling (GIS/EM 4): Problems, Prospects and Research Needs, Banff, Alberta, Canada.
Sánchez, E., Colmenarejo, M.F., Vicente, J., Rubio, A., García, M.G., Travieso, L. and Borja, R., 2007. Use of the water quality index and dissolved oxygen deficit as simple indicators of watersheds pollution. Ecological indicators, 7(2), pp.315-328.
Dos Santos Simões, F., Moreira, A.B., Bisinoti, M.C., Gimenez, S.M.N. and Yabe, M.J.S., 2008. Water quality index as a simple indicator of aquaculture effects on aquatic bodies. Ecological indicators, 8(5), pp.476-484.
Mirzai, M., Nazari, A. and Yari, A., 2005. The Quality Classification of Jajrood River's Area, Journal of Environmental Studies, 31(37), pp.17-26. (In Persain)
Nemati, M., 2007, Zoning of water quality and diversity of macroinvertebrates of Zayandehroud River, MSc Thesis in Environmental science, Faculty of natural science, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 125. (In Persian)
Pote, S.E., Singal, S.K. and Srivastava, D.K., 2012. Assessment of surface water quality of Godavari River at Aurangabad. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 9(1), pp.117-122.
Rahimi, D. and RANJBAR, D.M., 2012. Prioritization of Eco-tourism Attractions (The target villages of Charmahal O Bakhtiar province). Journal Urban - Regional Studies and Research, 4(14), pp.131-149. (In Persain)
Tiner, R.W., 1999. Vegetation sampling and analysis for wetlands, wetland indicators. A guide to wetland identification, delineation, classification and map in Boca Raton, CRC Press LLC. 248 p.
P.H.A., A.W.W.A., W. E. f., 2009. Standard Method for the examination of Water and Waste. A.D. Eaton, L. S. Clesceri and A. E. Greenberg (eds.), 20th edition. American Health Association, Washington, D.C.
Clesceri, L.S., Greenberg, A.E. and Eaton, A.D., 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater APHA. AWWA, WEF, Monrovia, USA. 20th ed. United States of America: American Public Health Association. 34-38.
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 2007. Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: Summary table. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg. Manitoba.
WHO., 2004. World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality3th Edition Word Health Organization (WHO) Geneva, pp. 49-64.
EPA., 1996. Quality Criteria for Waters, Washington D. C. Landsape to Rivers capes: bridging the gap between research and conversation of stream fishes, Biosciences, 52, pp.483-498.
Ebrahimpour, S., Mohammadzadeh, H. and Mohammadi, E., 2011. Investigation of water quality of Zarivar wetland lake and its zoning using NSFWQI and OWQI quality indices and using geographical system, 4th Iran Water Resources Management Conference, Amirkabir University of Technology , PP. 1-11. (In Persian)
Dehghanzadeh, R., Aslani, H.A.S.A.N., Shams, A.F. and Ghoraishi, B., 2010. Giving Alternatives for Improvement of Qualitative Features of Mehran River in Tabriz for Reuse. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, 3(2), pp. 227-238. (In Persain)
Karimian, A., Jafarzadeh, N., Nabizadeh, R. and Afkhami, M., 2009. Application of GIS in river water quality zoning (case study, Zohre River), Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 11(1), pp. 244-250. (In Persian)
Ghazizadeh, N., Shehnizadeh, B., Shokoh, D. and Savari, S., 2011. Evaluation of Maroon River based on NSFWQI water quality index system, 5th conference and exhibition of environmental engineering, 2011, Tehran University, pp. 1-6. (In Persian)
Ramezani, M., Amirnezhad, R. and Asgharnia, H., 2012. Investigation of water quality of Talar River of Ghaemshahr using NSFWQI, Journal of Wetland Ecobiology, 4(14). pp. 31-43. (In Persian)
Ranjbar Jafarabadi, A., Amushahi, S. and Pourkhabaz, H., 2011. Evaluating water quality of Maroon River using NSFWQI and presenting solutions for decreasing pollution, 5th conference of environmental engeniring, Iran. (In Persian)
Nasirahmadi, K., Yousefi, Z. and Tarassoli, A., 2012. Zoning of water quality on Haraz river bases on national sanitation foundation water quality index. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 22(92), pp. 64-71. (In Persain).
Heydarinia, M., Moazed, H. and Hosseini Zarei, N., 2009. Classification of water quality of Karoon River from Molasani to Kootamir using with NSFWQI, 8th international conference of river engineering, Ahvaz, Iran. (In Persian)
Ho, K.C., Chow, Y.L. and Yau, J.T.S., 2003. Chemical and microbiological qualities of The East River (Dongjiang) water, with particular reference to drinking water supply in Hong Kong. Chemosphere, 52(9), pp.1441-1450.
Karimian, A., Jafarzadeh, N., Nabizadeh, R., Afkhami, M., 2006. Zoning water quality of Zohre River based on NSFWQI index, case study, Zohre River, International Journal of Water Engineering, pp. 18-24.
_||_
Srebotnjak, T., Carr, G., de Sherbinin, A. and Rickwood, C., 2012. A global Water Quality Index and hot-deck imputation of missing data. Ecological Indicators, 17, pp.108-119.
Ng, A.W.M., Perera, B.J.C. and Tran, D.H., 2006. Improvement of river water quality through a seasonal effluent discharge program (SEDP). Water, air, and soil pollution, 176(1-4), pp.113-137.
Xu, H., Zheng, H., Chen, X., Ren, Y. and Ouyang, Z., 2016. Relationships between river water quality and landscape factors in Haihe River Basin, China: Implications for environmental management. Chinese Geographical Science, 26(2), pp.197-207.
Arpine, H. and Gayane, S., 2016. Determination of background concentrations of hydrochemical parameters and water quality assessment in the Akhuryan River Basin (Armenia). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 94, pp.2-9.
Dos Santos Simões, F., Moreira, A.B., Bisinoti, M.C., Gimenez, S.M.N. and Yabe, M.J.S., 2008. Water quality index as a simple indicator of aquaculture effects on aquatic bodies. Ecological indicators, 8(5), pp.476-484.
Oram, PG, B., 2012 .The Water Quality, monitoring the Quality of surface waters. http:// www.water-research.net.
Abbasi, S.A, 2000. Water Quality Indices. Center for Pollution Control & Energy Technology Punditry University. 134 p.
Sharifinia, M., Imanpour, J. and Bozorgi, A., 2012. Ecological assessment of the Tajan River using feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates and biotic indices. Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology, 1(1), pp.80-95. (In Persain)
Samantray, P., Mishra, B.K., Panda, C.R. and Rout, S.P., 2009. Assessment of water quality index in Mahanadi and Atharabanki Rivers and Taldanda Canal in Paradip area, India. Journal of Human Ecology, 26(3), pp.153-161.
Parham, H., Jafarzadeh Haghighi fard, N., Dehghan, S., and Kiyan Ersi, F., 2007. Investigation of changes in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and some physical and chemical parameters in the behind the Karkheh dam and determination of its balance, Shahid Chamran University Journal of Science, 5, pp.117-125. (In Persian)
TAHMASEBI, S., AFKHAMI, M. and TAKDASTAN, A., 2011. Study of chemical, physical and microbial quality of Gargar River, SW, IRAN, using NSF Water Quality Index. Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences, 3(4), pp.55-64. (In Persain)
Boroujerdnia, A., Nabizadeh, R., Jafarzadeh Haghighi fard, N. and Afkhami, M., 2007. Investigation of water quality of Karun River using NSFWQI software program of Wilkes University and program designed in Iran, 10th National Congress on Environmental Health, Hamedan, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. (In Persian)
Shokuhi, R., Hosinzadeh, E., Roshanaei, G., Alipour, M. and Hoseinzadeh, S., 2012. Evaluation of Aydughmush dam reservoir water quality by National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI) and water quality parameter changes. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, 4(4), pp.439-450. (In Persain)
Fadaei, A., Shariat, S.M., Jafarzadeh Haghighi fard, N. and Sakian, MR., 2006. Simultaneous use of water quality index and GIS system as a management tool (Case study: Dez River in southwestern Iran, 7th International River Engineering Conference, Ahvaz, Water and Power Organization of Khuzestan Province, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. (In Persian)
Sato, K., Amano, K. and Yasuda, Y., 2000, September. Integrating GIS and Water Quality Model: A Case Study in a Volcanic Watershed in Japan. In 4 th International Conference on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling (GIS/EM 4): Problems, Prospects and Research Needs, Banff, Alberta, Canada.
Sánchez, E., Colmenarejo, M.F., Vicente, J., Rubio, A., García, M.G., Travieso, L. and Borja, R., 2007. Use of the water quality index and dissolved oxygen deficit as simple indicators of watersheds pollution. Ecological indicators, 7(2), pp.315-328.
Dos Santos Simões, F., Moreira, A.B., Bisinoti, M.C., Gimenez, S.M.N. and Yabe, M.J.S., 2008. Water quality index as a simple indicator of aquaculture effects on aquatic bodies. Ecological indicators, 8(5), pp.476-484.
Mirzai, M., Nazari, A. and Yari, A., 2005. The Quality Classification of Jajrood River's Area, Journal of Environmental Studies, 31(37), pp.17-26. (In Persain)
Nemati, M., 2007, Zoning of water quality and diversity of macroinvertebrates of Zayandehroud River, MSc Thesis in Environmental science, Faculty of natural science, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 125. (In Persian)
Pote, S.E., Singal, S.K. and Srivastava, D.K., 2012. Assessment of surface water quality of Godavari River at Aurangabad. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 9(1), pp.117-122.
Rahimi, D. and RANJBAR, D.M., 2012. Prioritization of Eco-tourism Attractions (The target villages of Charmahal O Bakhtiar province). Journal Urban - Regional Studies and Research, 4(14), pp.131-149. (In Persain)
Tiner, R.W., 1999. Vegetation sampling and analysis for wetlands, wetland indicators. A guide to wetland identification, delineation, classification and map in Boca Raton, CRC Press LLC. 248 p.
P.H.A., A.W.W.A., W. E. f., 2009. Standard Method for the examination of Water and Waste. A.D. Eaton, L. S. Clesceri and A. E. Greenberg (eds.), 20th edition. American Health Association, Washington, D.C.
Clesceri, L.S., Greenberg, A.E. and Eaton, A.D., 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater APHA. AWWA, WEF, Monrovia, USA. 20th ed. United States of America: American Public Health Association. 34-38.
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 2007. Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: Summary table. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg. Manitoba.
WHO., 2004. World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality3th Edition Word Health Organization (WHO) Geneva, pp. 49-64.
EPA., 1996. Quality Criteria for Waters, Washington D. C. Landsape to Rivers capes: bridging the gap between research and conversation of stream fishes, Biosciences, 52, pp.483-498.
Ebrahimpour, S., Mohammadzadeh, H. and Mohammadi, E., 2011. Investigation of water quality of Zarivar wetland lake and its zoning using NSFWQI and OWQI quality indices and using geographical system, 4th Iran Water Resources Management Conference, Amirkabir University of Technology , PP. 1-11. (In Persian)
Dehghanzadeh, R., Aslani, H.A.S.A.N., Shams, A.F. and Ghoraishi, B., 2010. Giving Alternatives for Improvement of Qualitative Features of Mehran River in Tabriz for Reuse. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, 3(2), pp. 227-238. (In Persain)
Karimian, A., Jafarzadeh, N., Nabizadeh, R. and Afkhami, M., 2009. Application of GIS in river water quality zoning (case study, Zohre River), Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 11(1), pp. 244-250. (In Persian)
Ghazizadeh, N., Shehnizadeh, B., Shokoh, D. and Savari, S., 2011. Evaluation of Maroon River based on NSFWQI water quality index system, 5th conference and exhibition of environmental engineering, 2011, Tehran University, pp. 1-6. (In Persian)
Ramezani, M., Amirnezhad, R. and Asgharnia, H., 2012. Investigation of water quality of Talar River of Ghaemshahr using NSFWQI, Journal of Wetland Ecobiology, 4(14). pp. 31-43. (In Persian)
Ranjbar Jafarabadi, A., Amushahi, S. and Pourkhabaz, H., 2011. Evaluating water quality of Maroon River using NSFWQI and presenting solutions for decreasing pollution, 5th conference of environmental engeniring, Iran. (In Persian)
Nasirahmadi, K., Yousefi, Z. and Tarassoli, A., 2012. Zoning of water quality on Haraz river bases on national sanitation foundation water quality index. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 22(92), pp. 64-71. (In Persain).
Heydarinia, M., Moazed, H. and Hosseini Zarei, N., 2009. Classification of water quality of Karoon River from Molasani to Kootamir using with NSFWQI, 8th international conference of river engineering, Ahvaz, Iran. (In Persian)
Ho, K.C., Chow, Y.L. and Yau, J.T.S., 2003. Chemical and microbiological qualities of The East River (Dongjiang) water, with particular reference to drinking water supply in Hong Kong. Chemosphere, 52(9), pp.1441-1450.
Karimian, A., Jafarzadeh, N., Nabizadeh, R., Afkhami, M., 2006. Zoning water quality of Zohre River based on NSFWQI index, case study, Zohre River, International Journal of Water Engineering, pp. 18-24.
