تغییرات کیفیت خاک‌هایی با رژیم‌های رطوبتی مختلف در اثر زراعت: با تاکید بر کیفیت فیزیکی خاک
الموضوعات :
دلنیا باپیری
1
(
گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه
)
حبیب خداوردیلو
2
(
عضو هیات علمی-دانشگاه ارومیه
)
محسن برین
3
(
دانشگاه ارومیه
)
یوبرت قوستا
4
(
دانشگاه ارومیه
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: توزیع اندازه منافذ خاک, کیفیت فیزیکی خاک, فروسایی خاک, عملیات کشاورزی,
ملخص المقالة :
عملیات کشاورزی می‌تواند پیامدهایی گزندزا بر کیفیت خاک‌ها داشته باشد. آگاهی از تغییرات زمانی کیفیت خاک در اراضی کشاورزی برای مدیریت بهینه زمین‌ها و رسیدن به بیشینه بهره‌وری اقتصادی ضروری است. در این پژوهش، برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی چهار خاک زراعی با خاک‌های شاهد غیرزراعی همجوار آن‌ها مقایسه گردید. در هر منطقه مورد مطالعه، چهار نمونه خاک (شامل دو نمونه خاک زراعی و دو نمونه خاک غیرزراعی مجاور آن) انتخاب گردید. حساسیت به تشکیل سله، منحنی رطوبتی خاک، توزیع اندازه ذرات و منافذ خاک، مقاومت مکانیکی، مقدار رطوبت در دسترس و مقدار تخلخل تهویه‌ای، ظرفیت زراعی نسبی، گنجایش آب انتگرالی اندازه‌گیری شدند. در اراضی تحت کشت، پایداری ساختمان خاکدانه‌ها، منافذ درشت و ظرفیت زراعی نسبت به اراضی غیرزراعی کاهش یافت. بااین حال، فراوانی منافذ ریز و حساسیت به تشکیل سله در اراضی تحت کشت افزایش نشان داد. می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که عملیات کشت و کار، موجب کاهش کیفیت و فروسایی خاک می‌گردد که باید با مدیریت مناسب از آن جلوگیری شود.
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