شورای نوردیک ؛ مبانی منطقه گرایی توسعه محور اجتماعی بر مبنای ادراک و تصویر سازی مثبت جهانی
الموضوعات :
مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران
آرش بیدالله خانی
1
,
یاسر کهرازه
2
1 - دانش آموخته دکتری علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران و مدرس گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران (نویسنده مسئول)
(Email: khani.politicist@yahoo.com
2 - استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سیستان و بلوچستان ، ایران
تاريخ الإرسال : 11 الإثنين , شوال, 1439
تاريخ التأكيد : 06 السبت , رمضان, 1440
تاريخ الإصدار : 14 الثلاثاء , صفر, 1440
الکلمات المفتاحية:
تصویر,
نوردیک,
شورا,
توسعه,
اسکاندیناوی,
ملخص المقالة :
شورای نوردیک یک سازمان منطقه ای بین پارلمانی بین کشورهای منطقۀ اسکاندیناوی و شمال اروپا می باشد. امروزه این منطقۀ محور آمال و آرزوهای نخبگان توسعه است. نام و تصویر هر یک از کشورهای اسکاندیناوی حامل فرآیندهای شناختی، بصری و ادراکی است که مفاهیم توسعه ای مختلف بر آن بار می شود. کشورهای اسکاندیناوی از طریق شورای نوردیک، توسعۀ اجتماعی همگانی را مبنا و هدف راهبردی خود اعلام کرده اند. امروزه تصویر هر کدام از کشورهایی مانند سوئد، نروژ، دانمارک، فنلاند و.. با محورهای سطح بالای توسعه اجتماعی، سیاسی، فرهنگی و.. گره خورده است. بر همین مبنا توسعه نقطۀ مرکزی تصویر مثبت کشورهای اسکاندیناوی در دنیای امروز است. پژوهش حاضر با بررسی تاریخی شورای نوردیک این اساس سوال اساسی را مطرح می کند که اصولاً شورای نوردیک و کشورهای عضو آن از چه طریقی موفق به تصویر سازی مثبت جهانی شده اند و چگونه توانسته اند، بر مبنای منطقه ای ادراک بین المللی و روانشناختی کشورهای عضو این سازمان را در دنیا مثبت کنند. بر مبنای همین سوال، فرضیه پژوهش حاضر با تاکید بر شناخت این شورا، بر این امر تاکید می کند که شورای نوردیک از طریق پنج محور و نقطۀ اساسی مبتنی بر مبانی توسعه پایدار و اجتماع محور توانسته است تصویر مثبتی از کشورهای عضو این شورا را به دنیا مخابره کند. مقاله این پنج محور را با مثال توضیح خواهد داد.
المصادر:
شیرخانی، محمد علی و مهرداد چشمه علایی (1390) مدل نوردیک و دولتهای رفاهی اروپا، فصلنامه سیاست ، مجله دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، دورۀ 41، شمارۀ 4، زمستان، صص 134- 119.
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Anholt, S., (2007) Competitive identity: the new brand management for nations, cities and regions. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
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Booth,Michael (2016) The Almost Nearly Perfect People: Behind the Myth of the Scandinavian Utopia, London: Picador pub
Bruvoll ,Annegrete , Karin Ibenholt and John Magne Skjelvik(2011) Greening the economy, Nordic experiences and challenges, Copenhagen: Norpub
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Fan, Y., (2006) Branding the Nation: What is Being Branded? Journal of Vacation Marketing, Volume 12, Issue 5, , pp. 5-14
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Hansson, Finn , Husted , Kenneth and Jakob Vestergaard (2005) Second generation science parks: from structural holes jockeys to social capital catalysts of the knowledge society, Technovation, Volume 25, Issue 9, September , Pages 1039–1049
Hancock, LynNell (2011) Why Are Finland's Schools Successful? Smithsonian Magazine , September, available link at: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/why-are-finlands-schools-successful-49859555/?no-ist
Haugen, Dan(2014) Scandinavian-Style Sustainability, available link at: http://ensia.com/features/scandinavian-style-sustainability/
Heidar,Knut (2004) Nordic Politics, Universitetsforlaget pub
Heller, Nathan (2015) Northern Lights, Do the Scandinavians really have it all figured out? Available link at:http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/02/16/northern-lights-4
Henrikson, Alan K.(2005)Niche Diplomacy in the World Public Arena: the Global ‘Corners’ of Canada and Norway, In The New Public Diplomacy Soft Power in International Relations, by Melissen, J. Palgrave Macmillan
Hilson, Mary (2008) The Nordic Model: Scandinavia since 1945,Reaktion Books publishing
Holm Pedersen ,Kristoffer (2012)Growth, Creativity and Innovation in the Nordic Countries: 18 Nordic Cases on the Creation of Values Through Competences Within Creativity and Business Understanding, Nordisk Ministerråd press
Howard Grøn, Caroline, Nedergaard, Peter and Anders wivel (2015) The Nordic Countries and the European Union: Still the other European community? London: Routledge
Holm, Gunilla and Monica Londen (2010) the discourse on multicultural education in Finland: education for whom? Intercultural Education, Volume 21, - Issue 2, Pp:107-120
Horst, Christian and Joron Pihl (2010) Comparative perspectives on education in the multicultural Nordic countries, Intercultural Education, Volume 21, 2010 - Issue 2 ,Pages 99-105
Hrala, Josh (17 March 2016) The World Happiness Index 2016 just ranked the happiest countries on Earth, available link at : http://www.sciencealert.com/the-world-happiness-index-2016-just-ranked-the-happiest-countries-on-earth
Magnus,Johannes (2016)International branding of the Nordic region, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, August 2016, Volume 12, Issue 2, pp 195–200
Møller Stahl, Rune and Andreas Møller Mulvad (2015) What Makes Scandinavia Different? Available link at: https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/08/national-review-williamson-bernie-sanders-sweden/
Masalin , Heikki (2015) Mapping of Nordic Creative and Cultural Industries: Financial Environment, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen: NordicPub
Olins, W. (2005) Making a National Brand , in Melissen, J. (editor), The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations, New York, Palgrave-MacMillan, , pp. 169-179
Østergård, Uffe (1997) the Geopolitics of Nordic Identity – From Composite States to Nation States". The Cultural Construction of Norden. Øystein Sørensen and Bo Stråth (eds.), Oslo: Scandinavian University Press.
Partanen ,Anu (2016) The Nordic Theory of Everything: In Search of a Better life ,Harper publishing
Rylander, Anna and Sascha Haselmayer (2008) Branding the Nordic Research and Innovation Area, Nord Forsk Policy Briefs 6–Nordic council
Thorhauge, Jens (2010) Nordic public libraries in the knowledge society. An introduction, available link at : http://www.bs.dk/publikationer/english/nnpl/html/chapter02.htm
The Nordic Council of Ministers (2012) Nordic Environmental Action Plan 2013–2018, Copenhagen: Nordic co-operation
The Nordic Council of Ministers (2016) Nordic voices: The global voice of the Nordic Region, Copenhagen: Nord Pub
The Nordic Council (2014) the history of the Nordic Council, Available link at: http://www.norden.org/en/nordic-council/bag-om-nordisk-raad/the-nordic-council/the-history-of-the-nordic-council
The Nordic Council of Ministers (2014) History of the Nordic Council of Ministers. Available link at: http://www.norden.org/en/nordic-council-of-ministers/the-nordic-council-of-ministers/the-history-of-the-nordic-council-of-ministers/history-of-the-nordic-council-of-ministers
The Nordic Council of Ministers (2015) Strategy for International Branding of the Nordic Region, 2015- 2018, Copenhagen, : Nordpub
Valaskivi, Katja (2013) A brand new future? Cool Japan and the social imaginary of the branded nation, Japan Forum , 2013: 1–19
World Intellectual Property Organization(2016)Global Innovation Index 2016, available link at: http://www.wipo.int/pressroom/en/articles/2016/article_0008.html
_||_
شیرخانی، محمد علی و مهرداد چشمه علایی (1390) مدل نوردیک و دولتهای رفاهی اروپا، فصلنامه سیاست ، مجله دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، دورۀ 41، شمارۀ 4، زمستان، صص 134- 119.
Alestalo,Matti, Hort, Sven and Stein Kuhnle (2009) The Nordic Model: Conditions, Origins, Outcomes, Lessons, working paper in Hertie School of Governance, Berlin:HSG publishing
Anholt, S., (2005) Anholt Nation Brands Index: How Does the World See America? Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 45, Issue 3, pp. 296-304
Anholt, S., (2007) Competitive identity: the new brand management for nations, cities and regions. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
Arter, David (2008) Scandinavian Politics Today, Manchester University Press
Booth,Michael (2016) The Almost Nearly Perfect People: Behind the Myth of the Scandinavian Utopia, London: Picador pub
Bruvoll ,Annegrete , Karin Ibenholt and John Magne Skjelvik(2011) Greening the economy, Nordic experiences and challenges, Copenhagen: Norpub
Department of Economic and Social Affairs UN (2005 -2012) Understanding Knowledge Societies, in twenty questions and answers with the Index of Knowledge Societies, New York: United Nations publication
Enggaard, Knud, (2002) 50 years of the Nordic Council, 1952–2002. Til nordisk nytte?, Nordic Council publishing
Egeland ,Jan(1989)Impotent Superpower--potent Small State: Potentials and Limitations of Human Rights Objectives in the Foreign Policies of the United States and Norway, Oxford University Press
Erikson,Robert (1987)The Scandinavian Model: Welfare States and Welfare Research, New York: Routledge
Fan, Y., (2006) Branding the Nation: What is Being Branded? Journal of Vacation Marketing, Volume 12, Issue 5, , pp. 5-14
Ferdman, Roberto, A. (2014) Swedes are the sportiest in Europe, while Bulgarians can’t seem to get off the couch, available link at: http://qz.com/809620/a-new-study-shows-genes-and-parenting-are-about-equally-responsible-for-fussy-eating-habits-in-kids/
Hansson, Finn , Husted , Kenneth and Jakob Vestergaard (2005) Second generation science parks: from structural holes jockeys to social capital catalysts of the knowledge society, Technovation, Volume 25, Issue 9, September , Pages 1039–1049
Hancock, LynNell (2011) Why Are Finland's Schools Successful? Smithsonian Magazine , September, available link at: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/why-are-finlands-schools-successful-49859555/?no-ist
Haugen, Dan(2014) Scandinavian-Style Sustainability, available link at: http://ensia.com/features/scandinavian-style-sustainability/
Heidar,Knut (2004) Nordic Politics, Universitetsforlaget pub
Heller, Nathan (2015) Northern Lights, Do the Scandinavians really have it all figured out? Available link at:http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/02/16/northern-lights-4
Henrikson, Alan K.(2005)Niche Diplomacy in the World Public Arena: the Global ‘Corners’ of Canada and Norway, In The New Public Diplomacy Soft Power in International Relations, by Melissen, J. Palgrave Macmillan
Hilson, Mary (2008) The Nordic Model: Scandinavia since 1945,Reaktion Books publishing
Holm Pedersen ,Kristoffer (2012)Growth, Creativity and Innovation in the Nordic Countries: 18 Nordic Cases on the Creation of Values Through Competences Within Creativity and Business Understanding, Nordisk Ministerråd press
Howard Grøn, Caroline, Nedergaard, Peter and Anders wivel (2015) The Nordic Countries and the European Union: Still the other European community? London: Routledge
Holm, Gunilla and Monica Londen (2010) the discourse on multicultural education in Finland: education for whom? Intercultural Education, Volume 21, - Issue 2, Pp:107-120
Horst, Christian and Joron Pihl (2010) Comparative perspectives on education in the multicultural Nordic countries, Intercultural Education, Volume 21, 2010 - Issue 2 ,Pages 99-105
Hrala, Josh (17 March 2016) The World Happiness Index 2016 just ranked the happiest countries on Earth, available link at : http://www.sciencealert.com/the-world-happiness-index-2016-just-ranked-the-happiest-countries-on-earth
Magnus,Johannes (2016)International branding of the Nordic region, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, August 2016, Volume 12, Issue 2, pp 195–200
Møller Stahl, Rune and Andreas Møller Mulvad (2015) What Makes Scandinavia Different? Available link at: https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/08/national-review-williamson-bernie-sanders-sweden/
Masalin , Heikki (2015) Mapping of Nordic Creative and Cultural Industries: Financial Environment, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen: NordicPub
Olins, W. (2005) Making a National Brand , in Melissen, J. (editor), The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations, New York, Palgrave-MacMillan, , pp. 169-179
Østergård, Uffe (1997) the Geopolitics of Nordic Identity – From Composite States to Nation States". The Cultural Construction of Norden. Øystein Sørensen and Bo Stråth (eds.), Oslo: Scandinavian University Press.
Partanen ,Anu (2016) The Nordic Theory of Everything: In Search of a Better life ,Harper publishing
Rylander, Anna and Sascha Haselmayer (2008) Branding the Nordic Research and Innovation Area, Nord Forsk Policy Briefs 6–Nordic council
Thorhauge, Jens (2010) Nordic public libraries in the knowledge society. An introduction, available link at : http://www.bs.dk/publikationer/english/nnpl/html/chapter02.htm
The Nordic Council of Ministers (2012) Nordic Environmental Action Plan 2013–2018, Copenhagen: Nordic co-operation
The Nordic Council of Ministers (2016) Nordic voices: The global voice of the Nordic Region, Copenhagen: Nord Pub
The Nordic Council (2014) the history of the Nordic Council, Available link at: http://www.norden.org/en/nordic-council/bag-om-nordisk-raad/the-nordic-council/the-history-of-the-nordic-council
The Nordic Council of Ministers (2014) History of the Nordic Council of Ministers. Available link at: http://www.norden.org/en/nordic-council-of-ministers/the-nordic-council-of-ministers/the-history-of-the-nordic-council-of-ministers/history-of-the-nordic-council-of-ministers
The Nordic Council of Ministers (2015) Strategy for International Branding of the Nordic Region, 2015- 2018, Copenhagen, : Nordpub
Valaskivi, Katja (2013) A brand new future? Cool Japan and the social imaginary of the branded nation, Japan Forum , 2013: 1–19
World Intellectual Property Organization(2016)Global Innovation Index 2016, available link at: http://www.wipo.int/pressroom/en/articles/2016/article_0008.html