هم‌گرایی سرانه مخارج سلامت و پیامدهای سلامت در کشورهای عضو سازمان همکاری اقتصادی
الموضوعات :عزیز رضاپور 1 , سمیرا علی پور 2 , وحید علی پور 3 , مریم سلیمانی موحد 4
1 - دانشیار، گروه اقتصاد سلامت، دانشکده مدیریت و اطلاع‌رسانی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران
2 - کارشناسی‌ارشد اقتصاد بهداشت، دانشکده مدیریت و اطلاع‌رسانی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه اقتصاد سلامت، دانشکده مدیریت و اطلاع‌رسانی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران
4 - استادیار، گروه اقتصاد سلامت، دانشکده مدیریت و اطلاع‌رسانی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: سرانه مخارج سلامت, هم‌گرایی سیگما, پیامدهای سلامت., هم‌گرایی تصادفی, هم‌گرایی بتا,
ملخص المقالة :
مقدمه: رشد اقتصادی کشورهای توسعه‌یافته به‌طور طبیعی تمایل به کند شدن دارد بنابراین، فرآیند رشد سرانجام منجر به هم‌گرایی خواهد شد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی هم‌گرایی سرانه مخارج سلامت و پیامدهای سلامت در کشورهای عضو سازمان همکاری اقتصادی انجام شده است. روش پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه توصیفی - تحلیلی است که با داده‌های اقتصادی کشورهای عضو سازمان همکاری اقتصادی در سال‌های 2014-1995 و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار EViews نسخه 10 انجام شد. هم‌گرایی تصادفی با استفاده از آزمون ریشه واحد داده‌های پانلی، هم‌گرایی سیگما با استفاده از انحراف معیار مقطعی لگاریتم سرانه مخارج سلامت و پیامدهای سلامت؛ و هم‌گرایی بتای سرانه مخارج سلامت و پیامدهای سلامت با برآورد مدل هم‌گرایی داده‌های پانلی بررسی شد. یافته‌ها: هم‌گرایی تصادفی مطلق و شرطی سرانه مخارج سلامت در کشورهای عضو سازمان همکاری اقتصادی تأیید نشد. ضریب بتای مطلق سرانه مخارج سلامت 0/29 بود. ضریب بتای شرطی کشورهای با شاخص توسعه انسانی بالا 0/30 و برای کشورهای با شاخص توسعه انسانی متوسط 0/01 بود. ضریب هم‌گرایی بتا امید به زندگی در کشورهای عضو اکو 28/0 و برای مرگ‌ومیر کودکان زیر پنج سال 1/16 برآورد شد. هم‌گرایی سیگما سرانه مخارج سلامت و پیامدهای سلامت تأیید نشد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج مطالعه بیانگر عدم هم‌گرایی سرانه مخارج سلامت و واگرایی پیامدهای سلامت است که نشان می‌دهد نابرابری‌ها در کشورهای عضو سازمان همکاری اقتصادی افزایش یافته و سلامت کشورهای کم درآمد با نرخی بسیار پایین‌تر از اعضای ثروتمند سازمان بهبود یافته است؛ بنابراین لازم است سیاست‌های اکو، با هدف کاهش تفاوت‌های منطقه‌ای برنامه‌ریزی و اجرا شود.
1.Beheshti M. Iran's economic development: University of Tabriz; 2010 [In Persian].
2- Fattahy N, Soheili K, Reshadat S, Karimi P. The relationship of health human capital and economic growth in the countries of OPEC (OPEC). Journal of Health Management . 2014;3(8):37-51 [In Persian].
3- Hasanbeglo G, Panahi H, Fallahi F. Convergence in health expenditure in provinces of Iran. Faculty of Economics: Tabriz university 2014 [In Persian].
4- Lotfalipour M, Falahi M, Borji M. The effects of health indices on economic growth in Iran. Journal of Health Administration. 2012;14(46):57-70 [In Persian].
5- Behboudi D, Bastan F, Feshari M. The relationship between health expenditure per capita and gdp per capita in low- and middle-income countries (causation approach on panel data). Journal of Economic Modeling. 2011;5(15):81-96 [In Persian].
6- Boyle CF, Levin C, Hatefi A, Madriz S, Santos N. Achieving a “grand convergence” in global health: Modeling the technical inputs, costs, and impacts from 2016 to 2030. PloS one. 2015;10(10):e0140092.
7- Indicators the world bank [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator.
8- Samadi AH, Homaie Rad E. Determinants of healthcare expenditure in Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) countries: Evidence from panel cointegration tests. Second Seminar on Health Economics. 2013 [In Persian].
9- Apergis N, Chang T, Christou C, Gupta R. Convergence of health care expenditures across the US states: A reconsideration. Social Indicators Research. 2017;133(1):303-16.
10- Panopoulou E, Pantelidis T. Convergence in per capita health expenditures and health outcomes in the OECD countries. Applied Economics. 2012;44(30):3909-20.
11- Das RC, Ray K, Das U. Health expenditures across major states of India: Issues of convergence and equality. Issues on health and healthcare in India: Springer; 2018. p. 293-306.
12- Apergis N, Padhi P. Health expenses and economic growth: Convergence dynamics across the Indian states. International journal of health care finance and economics. 2013;13(3-4):261-77.
13- Fallahi F, Salmani B, Kiani S. Study beta convergence between S Iran and selected countries. Journal of Economic Research (sustainable development). 2012;12(4):171-94 [In Persian].
14- Clark R. World health inequality: Convergence, divergence, and development. Social science & medicine. 2011;72(4):617-24.
15- Asefzadeh S. Health care economics. 3, editor. Qazvin: Qazvin University of Medical Sciences; 2013 [In Persian].
16- Afzali R, Ansari A. Challenges and opportunities of ECO regional integration: A functionalist appraoch. Majlis & Rahbord. 2017;24(90):337-58 [In Persian].
17- Islamic Parliament Research Center Of The Islamic Republic Of IRAN. The fifth development plan of the Islamic Republic Of Iran 2012 [In Persian]. Available from: http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/790196.
18- Safdar M, Mangi A. ECO annual economic report 2014. 2016.
19- Motefakerazad M, Ranjpour R, Karimi Z, Gholami L. Evaluation of economic convergence provinces of Iran during 1379-1387 using panel unit root tests. Journal of Macroeconomics. 2015;10(19):141-68 [In Persian].
20- Pourabdolhahan Kovich M, Asgharpur H, Massoum Zadeh S. The convergence of asset market ratios in iran. Journal of Applied Economics Theory. 2016;3(3):115-32 [In Persian].
21- Carrion-i-Silvestre JL, German-Soto V. Panel data stochastic convergence analysis of the mexican regions. Empirical Economics. 2009;37(2):303-27.
22- Panopoulou E, Pantelidis T. Cross‐state disparities in us health care expenditures. Health Economics. 2013;22.
23- Zhang G, Zhang L, Wu S, Xia X, Lu L. The convergence of chinese county government health expenditures: Capitation and contribution. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16(1):408.
24- Zeren F, Özcan B, Menteşe EY. Health care convergence analysis in Turkey on the province level: Spatial quantile method. Procedia Economics and Finance. 2016;38(2016):90-7.
25- Montero-Granados R, de Dios Jiménez J, Martín J. Decentralisation and convergence in health among the provinces of Spain (1980–2001). Social Science & Medicine. 2007;64(6):1253-64.
26- Karimi Takanlou Z, Ranj Pour R. Panel data econometrics. Tehran2015. 312 [In Persian] p.
27- Nations U. The human development report. United Nations: United Nations, 2016.
28- Ahmadyan A. Design of early warning system for predicting exposure to failure time of banks. Applied Theories of Economic. 2017;2(4):119-44 [In Persian].
29- Shahbazi k, Rezaei e, Hamidi d. Study of economic convergence in countries of Economic Cooperation Organization. Iranian journal of Trade Studies(IJTC) quarterly. 2015;19(74):155-96 [In Persian].
30- Lau MCK, Fung KWT. Convergence in health care expenditure of 14 EU countries: New evidence from non-linear panel unit root test. 2013.
31- Payne JE, Anderson S, Lee J, Cho MH. Do per capita health care expenditures converge among OECD countries? Evidence from unit root tests with level and trend-shifts. Applied Economics. 2015;47(52):5600-13.
32- Pan J, Wang P, Qin X, Zhang S. Disparity and convergence: Chinese provincial government health expenditures. PloS one. 2013;8(8):e71474.
33- Odhiambo S, AWambugu A, Kiriti-Ng’ang’a T. Convergence of health expenditure in sub-saharan africa: Evidence from a dynamic panel. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. 2015;6(6):185-206.
34- Afshari Z, Mohebikhah B. Convergence of health in the provinces of iran in the years 1365- 1378. Tehran: Al-Zahra University; 2001 [In Persian].
35- Oyedele O, Adebayo A. Convergence of health expenditure and health outcomes in ecowas countries. International Journal. 2015;4(2).
36- Hitiris T, Nixon J. Convergence of health care expenditure in the Eu countries. Applied Economics Letters. 2001;8(4):223-8.
37- Kerem K, Puss T, Viies M, Maldre R. Health and convergence of health care expenditure in EU. International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER). 2011;7(3):29.
38- Wang F. More health expenditure, better economic performance? Empirical evidence from OECD countries. Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing. 2015;52.
39- Omidi A, AslaniAslemarz A. Lessons from EU regional integration for ECO. The Journal of Planning and Budgeting. 2009;14(2):3-38 [In Persian].
_||_1.Beheshti M. Iran's economic development: University of Tabriz; 2010 [In Persian].
2- Fattahy N, Soheili K, Reshadat S, Karimi P. The relationship of health human capital and economic growth in the countries of OPEC (OPEC). Journal of Health Management . 2014;3(8):37-51 [In Persian].
3- Hasanbeglo G, Panahi H, Fallahi F. Convergence in health expenditure in provinces of Iran. Faculty of Economics: Tabriz university 2014 [In Persian].
4- Lotfalipour M, Falahi M, Borji M. The effects of health indices on economic growth in Iran. Journal of Health Administration. 2012;14(46):57-70 [In Persian].
5- Behboudi D, Bastan F, Feshari M. The relationship between health expenditure per capita and gdp per capita in low- and middle-income countries (causation approach on panel data). Journal of Economic Modeling. 2011;5(15):81-96 [In Persian].
6- Boyle CF, Levin C, Hatefi A, Madriz S, Santos N. Achieving a “grand convergence” in global health: Modeling the technical inputs, costs, and impacts from 2016 to 2030. PloS one. 2015;10(10):e0140092.
7- Indicators the world bank [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator.
8- Samadi AH, Homaie Rad E. Determinants of healthcare expenditure in Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) countries: Evidence from panel cointegration tests. Second Seminar on Health Economics. 2013 [In Persian].
9- Apergis N, Chang T, Christou C, Gupta R. Convergence of health care expenditures across the US states: A reconsideration. Social Indicators Research. 2017;133(1):303-16.
10- Panopoulou E, Pantelidis T. Convergence in per capita health expenditures and health outcomes in the OECD countries. Applied Economics. 2012;44(30):3909-20.
11- Das RC, Ray K, Das U. Health expenditures across major states of India: Issues of convergence and equality. Issues on health and healthcare in India: Springer; 2018. p. 293-306.
12- Apergis N, Padhi P. Health expenses and economic growth: Convergence dynamics across the Indian states. International journal of health care finance and economics. 2013;13(3-4):261-77.
13- Fallahi F, Salmani B, Kiani S. Study beta convergence between S Iran and selected countries. Journal of Economic Research (sustainable development). 2012;12(4):171-94 [In Persian].
14- Clark R. World health inequality: Convergence, divergence, and development. Social science & medicine. 2011;72(4):617-24.
15- Asefzadeh S. Health care economics. 3, editor. Qazvin: Qazvin University of Medical Sciences; 2013 [In Persian].
16- Afzali R, Ansari A. Challenges and opportunities of ECO regional integration: A functionalist appraoch. Majlis & Rahbord. 2017;24(90):337-58 [In Persian].
17- Islamic Parliament Research Center Of The Islamic Republic Of IRAN. The fifth development plan of the Islamic Republic Of Iran 2012 [In Persian]. Available from: http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/790196.
18- Safdar M, Mangi A. ECO annual economic report 2014. 2016.
19- Motefakerazad M, Ranjpour R, Karimi Z, Gholami L. Evaluation of economic convergence provinces of Iran during 1379-1387 using panel unit root tests. Journal of Macroeconomics. 2015;10(19):141-68 [In Persian].
20- Pourabdolhahan Kovich M, Asgharpur H, Massoum Zadeh S. The convergence of asset market ratios in iran. Journal of Applied Economics Theory. 2016;3(3):115-32 [In Persian].
21- Carrion-i-Silvestre JL, German-Soto V. Panel data stochastic convergence analysis of the mexican regions. Empirical Economics. 2009;37(2):303-27.
22- Panopoulou E, Pantelidis T. Cross‐state disparities in us health care expenditures. Health Economics. 2013;22.
23- Zhang G, Zhang L, Wu S, Xia X, Lu L. The convergence of chinese county government health expenditures: Capitation and contribution. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16(1):408.
24- Zeren F, Özcan B, Menteşe EY. Health care convergence analysis in Turkey on the province level: Spatial quantile method. Procedia Economics and Finance. 2016;38(2016):90-7.
25- Montero-Granados R, de Dios Jiménez J, Martín J. Decentralisation and convergence in health among the provinces of Spain (1980–2001). Social Science & Medicine. 2007;64(6):1253-64.
26- Karimi Takanlou Z, Ranj Pour R. Panel data econometrics. Tehran2015. 312 [In Persian] p.
27- Nations U. The human development report. United Nations: United Nations, 2016.
28- Ahmadyan A. Design of early warning system for predicting exposure to failure time of banks. Applied Theories of Economic. 2017;2(4):119-44 [In Persian].
29- Shahbazi k, Rezaei e, Hamidi d. Study of economic convergence in countries of Economic Cooperation Organization. Iranian journal of Trade Studies(IJTC) quarterly. 2015;19(74):155-96 [In Persian].
30- Lau MCK, Fung KWT. Convergence in health care expenditure of 14 EU countries: New evidence from non-linear panel unit root test. 2013.
31- Payne JE, Anderson S, Lee J, Cho MH. Do per capita health care expenditures converge among OECD countries? Evidence from unit root tests with level and trend-shifts. Applied Economics. 2015;47(52):5600-13.
32- Pan J, Wang P, Qin X, Zhang S. Disparity and convergence: Chinese provincial government health expenditures. PloS one. 2013;8(8):e71474.
33- Odhiambo S, AWambugu A, Kiriti-Ng’ang’a T. Convergence of health expenditure in sub-saharan africa: Evidence from a dynamic panel. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. 2015;6(6):185-206.
34- Afshari Z, Mohebikhah B. Convergence of health in the provinces of iran in the years 1365- 1378. Tehran: Al-Zahra University; 2001 [In Persian].
35- Oyedele O, Adebayo A. Convergence of health expenditure and health outcomes in ecowas countries. International Journal. 2015;4(2).
36- Hitiris T, Nixon J. Convergence of health care expenditure in the Eu countries. Applied Economics Letters. 2001;8(4):223-8.
37- Kerem K, Puss T, Viies M, Maldre R. Health and convergence of health care expenditure in EU. International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER). 2011;7(3):29.
38- Wang F. More health expenditure, better economic performance? Empirical evidence from OECD countries. Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing. 2015;52.
39- Omidi A, AslaniAslemarz A. Lessons from EU regional integration for ECO. The Journal of Planning and Budgeting. 2009;14(2):3-38 [In Persian].
