The Optimization of Open- Space Based on Social Theory in Iran
الموضوعات :
mahran faramarzi
1
(Ph.D., Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Civil, Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.)
naser barati
2
(Associate Professor in Urban design, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.)
Iraj Etesam
3
(Professor in Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Iran, Land subdivision, Lot, Optimization, Open- space,
ملخص المقالة :
The usage of social theories in the human-built environment caused to enhance life quality. It may consist of human needs in residential areas. Sometimes, building codes can help to exist accepted life space, but the building codes do not have basic theory such as actual open space in residential plots. The study was an attempt to represent a new approach in urban land subdivision and the relationship between social theories and built up area. The research question was how to determine the open- space ratio. Main indicators were related to residential areas in urban areas in Iran which the lot size and urban density appear. The study tried to represent optimum open- space ratio based on Edward Hall's theory. The method was based on mathematical model and social theory. Finally, it resulted in optimum OSR in lot and it was not enough open- space ratios in existing situation. This study came to this conclusion that existing open- space measure was not enough for any Lot in new residential areas based on mentioned theory. In addition, investigation showed that the human distances effected on open and built up space ratio in a new residential layout. It was concluded that every residential area can have an optimum open- space ratio based on its situation. The results can use new residential layouts for enhancing human-built environments, but it noticed that there are not certain tools for making high-quality environments based on social theories.
Al-Homoud, M. (2003). Functional distance effect on social interactions in multi-family housing in Jordan. Housing and Society, 30(2), 165-188.
Berghauser Pont, M.Y., & Haupt, P.A. (2009). Space, Density and Urban Form. Doctoral thesis, University of Delft.
Bichi, R. (2008). Mixed approach to measuring social distance. Cognition, Brain, Behavior, 12(4), 487.
Boob, N., & Rao, M. (2014). Zoning within plot–an approach to land sub division to control violation of development control rules. International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research, 2(4), 48-59.
Clementsen, A. (2015). Experiencing and Reacting Upon Social Diversityin Urban Spaces. Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Community Preservation & Development. (2007). Zoning ordinance of Park Ridge City.
Cooper, R., Evans, G., & Boyko, C. (2009). Designing sustainable cities. John Wiley & Sons.
Council Dublin City. (2005). General site-Development standards. Dublin city development plan, 2011, 123.
Cockburn.wa.gov.au. (2014). Hamilton Hill Revitalisation Strategy. Retrieved from https://www.cockburn.wa.gov.au/getattachment/50570299-b90a-4972-9d8e-b9baf0f8cb04/ECM_5533485_v1_Hamilton-Hill-Revitalisation-Strategy-appendices-pdf.aspx.
Department of city planning. (1990). Zoning Resolution. New York City.
Ethington, C. A. (1997). A hierarchical linear modeling approach to studying college effects. In J. Smart (ed.), Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, Vol. 12, pp. 165–194. New York: Agathon.
Hall, E. (1966). The hidden dimension. Garden City, NY: Anchor.
Kidwell, J., & Booth, A. (2011). Social Distance and Intergenerational Relations. Oxford academic.
Moor, M., & Rowland, J. (Eds.). (2006). Urban design futures. Routledge.New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. (2014). Chapter 7: open- space. New York.
New York Department of City Planning. (1990). Zoning Handbook: A Guide to New York City's Zoning Resolution. New York: Department of City Planning.
Rowe, C., & Koetter, F. (1978). Collage city. Cambridge: Mit Press.
Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment of Berlin. (2012). Urban Structural Density. Retrieved from https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/umwelt/umweltatlas/e_text/ek609.doc.
United Neighborhood Houses. (2015). Annual Report. New York: UNHNY.
Victoria State Government. (2015). Planning Practice Note 27/Understanding the Residential Development Standards (ResCode).Retrieved from https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0030/97158/PPN27-Understanding-the-Residential-Development-Standards-ResCode_June-2015.pdf.
Walters, D.,& Brown, L. (2004). Design First: Design-based Planning for Communities. Taylor & Francis.
Watson, D., Plattus, A. J., & Shibley, R. G. (2003). Time-saver standards for urban design. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Western Australian Planning Commission. [MF1] (2015). State Planning Policy 3.1 Residential Design Codes. Australia: State of Western Australia Published by the Department of Planning Gordon Stephenson House.
