شناسایی تاثیر تناسب و مراحل رشد آتی تیم با سطح فناوری بر موفقیت شرکت های دانش بنیان و فناور محور در ایران
الموضوعات :
1 - استادیار گروه کارآفرینی سازمانی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهرانف تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: مراحل کسب و کار, شرکتهای دانش بنیان و فناور, موفقیت شرکتهای دانش بنیان و فناور نوپا, استان خراسان رضوی, رشد و انتقال موفق به مراحل بالاتر کسب و کار, ترکیب تیم,
ملخص المقالة :
کارآفرینی در حوزه دانشی، به واسطه تغییرات سریع و عدم قطعیت محیطی، دارای مشکلات عدیده ای است؛ اما این شرکتها به عنوان پیشران بوده و بدون حضور اثربخش آنها نمی توان به موفقیت های چشمگیر در دانش، اقتصاد و اشتغال دست یافت. ترکیب و ویژگی های تیمی و تناسب آن با مرحله ای از کار که در آن قرار دارند و انتظار دارند در آینده به آن برسند، در زمره مهمترین مولفه های کسب موفقیت این شرکتهاست. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تاثیر و تناسب ویژگی ها و ترکیب تیم در موفقیت و رشد آتی شرکتهای دانش بنیان و فناور در مراحل مختلف کسب وکار انجام شد. یافته های این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی؛ و بر حسب گردآوری اطلاعات، کیفی-داده بنیاد بود که داده های آن از مصاحبه های نیمه ساختار یافته و عمیق با 21 کارآفرین این حوزه در استان خراسان رضوی، گردآوری و تحلیل گردید. نتایج پژوهش مبین این است که، ترکیب و ویژگی های تیمی و تناسب آن با مرحله ای از کار که در آن قرار دارند، در زمره مهمترین مولفه های کسب موفقیت این شرکتهاست، لذا شناسایی ویژگی های تیم و تاثیر پویایی تیم و بکارگیری مکانیزم دوسوتوانی بر موفقیت شرکتهای دانش بنیان و فناور نوپا بسیار حائز اهمیت است. در این راستا نتایج نشان داد که هر چه میزان پیچیدگی ایده و محصول شرکتها بیشتر باشد نیاز به حضور اعضاء متنوع تر، انسجام بیشتر و تغییرات کمتری در تیم است؛ همچنین در کلیه مراحل اعضاء آنها از دوسوتوانی بهره می برند.
منابع
Anderson, M., Banker, R., Ravindran, S. (2000). Executive compensation in the information technology industry.Management Science 46, 530–547.
Bailetti, Tony (2012). Technology Entrepreneurship: Overview, Definition, and Distinctive Aspects. The Technology Innovation Management Review.
Bazargan harandi, Abas. (2015), An introduction to qualitative and mixed research methods, Fifth Edition, tehran, Didar Publishers. (In Persian).
Beaty, James & Cleveland, Jeanette & Murphy, Kevin (2001). The Relation Between Personality and Contextual Performance in "Strong" Versus "Weak" Situations. Human Performance.
Beckman, C. M. (2006).The influence of founding team company affiliations on firm behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 49 (4): 741-758.
Beckman, C.M., Burton, D., & O’Reilly, C. (2007). Early teams: The impact of team demography on VC financing and going public. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(2), 147–173.
Bird, B. (1989). Entrepreneurial Behavior. Scott, Foresman & Co., Glenview, IL.
Birley, S. & Stockley, S. (2000). Entrepreneurial Teams and Venture Growth. In D.L. Sexton and H. Landstöm (eds.), The Blackwell Handbook of Entrepreneurship, Oxford: UK: Blackwell.
Birkinshaw, Julian & Gupta, Kamini (2013). Clarifying the Distinctive Contribution of Ambidexterity to the Field of Organization Studies. Academy of Management Perspective, v 27, p: 287-298.
Bouncken, B. Ricarda, Fredrich, Viktor, (2015). Business model innovation in alliances: Successful configurations. Journal of Business Research.
Chandler, G.N., Honig, B., & Wiklund, J. (2005). Antecedents, moderators, and performance consequences of membership change in new venture teams. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(5), 705–725.
Clarysse, B., & Moray, N. (2004). A process study of entrepreneurial team formation: The case of a research based spin-off. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(1), 55-76.
Cooper, A. C. and Bruno, A. (1977). Success Among High Technology Firms. Business Horizons 20 (2):16 – 22.
Cooney, Thomas M., (2005). Editorial: What is an Entrepreneurial Team? International Small Business Journal, Vol:23(3), p: 226–235.
Creswell, John W & Garrett, Amanda l. (2008). The “movement” of mixed methods research and the role of educators. South African Journal of Education, Vol 28 No 3.
Delmar, F., & Shane, S. (2004). Legitimating first: organizing activities and the survival of new ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(3), p: 385-410.
Eisenhardt, K.M. & Schoonhoven, C.B., (1990). Organizational growth: linking founding team, strategy, environment, and growth among U.S. semiconductor ventures 1978–1988. Administrative Science Quarterly 35, p: 504–529.
Ensley, M., Pearson, A.W., & Amason, A.C., (2002).Understanding the dynamics of new venture top management teams: cohesion, conflict and new venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing 17, 365–386.
Ensley, Michael D & Hmieleski, Keith M, (2007), A contextual examination of new venture performance: entrepreneur leadership behavior, top management team heterogeneity, and environmental dynamism. Journal of Organizational Behavior (28), p: 865-889.
Foo, M. D., Sin, H., & Yiong, L. (2006). Effects of team inputs and intrateam processes on new venture team effectiveness. Strategic Management Journal, 27, 389–399.
Goulding, Christina, (2002). Grounded Theory “A Practical Guide for Management, Business and Market Researchers”. SAGE Publications Ltd.
Glaser, B.G & Strauss, A.L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory. New York, Aldine.
Guzzo, R.A., Shea, G.P., (1992). Group performance and intergroup relations in organizations. In: Dunnette, M.D., Hough, L.M. (Eds.). Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, vol. 3, 2nd ed. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 269–313.
Harper, David A., (2008), Towards a theory of entrepreneurial teams. Journal of Business Venturing, vol: 23,p:613-626.
Hambrick, D.C., (2007). Upper echelons theory: an update. Academy of Management Review 32 (2), 334–343.
http://www.isti.ir/
Jarzabkowski, P., Searle, R.H., (2004). Harnessing diversity and collective action in the top management team. Long Range Planning 37 (5), 399–419.
Jaksic & Jovanovic, Maja; Petkovic, Milica, (2015). Technology Entrepreneurship in the Changing Business Environment – A Triple Helix Performance Model. Amfiteatru Economic.
Jensen, Tommy H. Clausen (2017). Origins and emergence of exploration and exploitation capabilities in new technology-based firms. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, p: 1-13.
Kamm, J.B., Shuman, J.C., Seeger, J.A., Nurick, A.J. (1990). Entrepreneurial teams in new venture creation: a research agenda. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 14 (4); p: 7–17.
Kristinsson, Kari; Candi, Marina; J. Samundsson, Rognvaldur, (2016), The Relationship between Founder Team Diversity and Innovation Performance: The Moderating Role of Causation Logic. Long Range Planning, 49 (2016), 464–476.
Knuckles, James, (2015). Business models for mini-grid electricity in base of the pyramid markets. Energy for Sustainable Development (31) 2016, P:67-82.
Lasch, F., Le Roy, F., & Yami, S. (2007). Critical growth factors of ICT start-ups. Management decision,45 (1). 62 -75.
Lechler, T. (2001). Social interaction: a determinant of entrepreneurial team venture success. Small Business Economics16 (4); p: 263–278.
Martina, Konigova. Urbancova Hana. Fejfar Jiri. (2012). Identification of Managerial Competencies in Knowledge-based Organizations. Journal of Competitiveness. Vol 4 .Iss: 1; p: 129-142.
Mendelson, H. (2000). Organizational architecture and success in the information technology industry. Management Science. (46:4); p: 513-529.
O'Reilly, Charles & Tushman, Michael (2013). Organizational Ambidexterity: Past, Present and Future. Electronic Journal.
Partanen, J., Möller, K., Westerlund, M., Rajala, R., & Rajala, A. (2008). Social capital in the growth of science-and-technology-based SMEs. Industrial Marketing Management, 37(5), p:513-522.
Pilat, D., & Wölfl, A. (2004). ICT production and ICT use: what role in aggregate productivity growth? The Economic impact of ICT-measurement, evidence, and implications; p: 85-104.
Quinn, Robert E & Cameron, Kim (1983). Organizational Life Cycles and Shifting Criteria of Effectiveness: Some Preliminary Evidence. Management Science, vol 29, no 1.
Raver, J.L., Gelfand, M.J., (2005). Beyond the individual victim: linking sexual harassment, team processes, and team performance. Academy of Management Journal 48 (3), 387–400.
Raymond, William, (2005). Building A Successful Team. Journal of Knowledge Management.
Roberts, E.B. (1991). Entrepreneurs in High Technology: Lessons from MIT and Beyond. Oxford University Press, New York.
Sánchez José C.& García Brizeida R. & Sánchez Hernández (2017). Entrepreneurship Education as a Key Antecedent to Boost Nascent Entrepreneurs. Business Science.
Shaw, M.E., (1981). Group Dynamics: The Psychology of Small Group Behavior. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Souitaris, V. & Maestro, B.M.M. (2010). Polychronicity in top management teams: The impact on strategic decision processes and performance of new technology ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 31(6), 652–678.
Smulders, J. & L. Bretschger (2007). Sustainable Use of Resources and Economic Dynamics. ournal of Environmental & Resource Economics, Vol.36; pp:1-13.
Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1994). Grounded theory methodology: An overview. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research. Research; pp: 275-275.
Strauss, A. and J. Corbin (1998); Basics of Qualitative Research; Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques (2nd ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Tabesh, Y, Morovati, M, Akbarpoor, M. (2015). Understanding Silicon Valley. With support: Vice President for Science and Technology of the Islamic Republic of Iran. (In Persian).
Taylor, Margaret, Taylor, Andrew, (2012). The technology life cycle: Conceptualization and managerial implications, Int. J. Production Economics (140), p: 541-553.
Tongur, Stefan; Engwall, Mats, (2014). The business model dilemma of technology shifts, Technovation, P:1-11.
Tushman, M. L., & O’Reilly, C. A. (1996). Ambidextrous Organizations: Managing Evolutionary and Revolutionary Change. California Management Review, 38(4), 8–29.
Ucbasaran, D., Lockett, A., Wright, M., & Westhead, P. (2003). Entrepreneurial founder teams: Factors associated with member entry and exit. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28, p: 107–127.
Vanaelst, I., Clarysse, B., Wright, M., Lockett, A., Moray, N., S’Jegers, R., (2006). Entrepreneurial team development in academic spinouts: an examination of team heterogeneity. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice30(2),249-271.
Wright, F. William, (2015). Client business models, process business risks and the risk of material misstatement of revenue, Accounting, Organizations and Society (48) 2016, P: 43-55.
Yuanyue, Feng (2013). THE DYNAMISM OF IT ENTREPRENEURIAL TEAM: AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE. a thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy, department of information systems national university of singapore.
Yu. Chelnokova, Senokosova. V, Shlyakova. A (2012). Economic Systems: From Chaos To Order. Chaos, Complexity and Leadership, edited by Santo Banerjee, Şefika Şule Erçetin.
Yun BJ, Myriam Hunink MG, Prabhakar AM, Heng M, Liu SW, Qudsi R, Raja AS (2016). Diagnostic Imaging Strategies for Occult Hip Fractures: A Decision and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Acad
_||_منابع
Anderson, M., Banker, R., Ravindran, S. (2000). Executive compensation in the information technology industry.Management Science 46, 530–547.
Bailetti, Tony (2012). Technology Entrepreneurship: Overview, Definition, and Distinctive Aspects. The Technology Innovation Management Review.
Bazargan harandi, Abas. (2015), An introduction to qualitative and mixed research methods, Fifth Edition, tehran, Didar Publishers. (In Persian).
Beaty, James & Cleveland, Jeanette & Murphy, Kevin (2001). The Relation Between Personality and Contextual Performance in "Strong" Versus "Weak" Situations. Human Performance.
Beckman, C. M. (2006).The influence of founding team company affiliations on firm behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 49 (4): 741-758.
Beckman, C.M., Burton, D., & O’Reilly, C. (2007). Early teams: The impact of team demography on VC financing and going public. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(2), 147–173.
Bird, B. (1989). Entrepreneurial Behavior. Scott, Foresman & Co., Glenview, IL.
Birley, S. & Stockley, S. (2000). Entrepreneurial Teams and Venture Growth. In D.L. Sexton and H. Landstöm (eds.), The Blackwell Handbook of Entrepreneurship, Oxford: UK: Blackwell.
Birkinshaw, Julian & Gupta, Kamini (2013). Clarifying the Distinctive Contribution of Ambidexterity to the Field of Organization Studies. Academy of Management Perspective, v 27, p: 287-298.
Bouncken, B. Ricarda, Fredrich, Viktor, (2015). Business model innovation in alliances: Successful configurations. Journal of Business Research.
Chandler, G.N., Honig, B., & Wiklund, J. (2005). Antecedents, moderators, and performance consequences of membership change in new venture teams. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(5), 705–725.
Clarysse, B., & Moray, N. (2004). A process study of entrepreneurial team formation: The case of a research based spin-off. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(1), 55-76.
Cooper, A. C. and Bruno, A. (1977). Success Among High Technology Firms. Business Horizons 20 (2):16 – 22.
Cooney, Thomas M., (2005). Editorial: What is an Entrepreneurial Team? International Small Business Journal, Vol:23(3), p: 226–235.
Creswell, John W & Garrett, Amanda l. (2008). The “movement” of mixed methods research and the role of educators. South African Journal of Education, Vol 28 No 3.
Delmar, F., & Shane, S. (2004). Legitimating first: organizing activities and the survival of new ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(3), p: 385-410.
Eisenhardt, K.M. & Schoonhoven, C.B., (1990). Organizational growth: linking founding team, strategy, environment, and growth among U.S. semiconductor ventures 1978–1988. Administrative Science Quarterly 35, p: 504–529.
Ensley, M., Pearson, A.W., & Amason, A.C., (2002).Understanding the dynamics of new venture top management teams: cohesion, conflict and new venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing 17, 365–386.
Ensley, Michael D & Hmieleski, Keith M, (2007), A contextual examination of new venture performance: entrepreneur leadership behavior, top management team heterogeneity, and environmental dynamism. Journal of Organizational Behavior (28), p: 865-889.
Foo, M. D., Sin, H., & Yiong, L. (2006). Effects of team inputs and intrateam processes on new venture team effectiveness. Strategic Management Journal, 27, 389–399.
Goulding, Christina, (2002). Grounded Theory “A Practical Guide for Management, Business and Market Researchers”. SAGE Publications Ltd.
Glaser, B.G & Strauss, A.L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory. New York, Aldine.
Guzzo, R.A., Shea, G.P., (1992). Group performance and intergroup relations in organizations. In: Dunnette, M.D., Hough, L.M. (Eds.). Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, vol. 3, 2nd ed. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 269–313.
Harper, David A., (2008), Towards a theory of entrepreneurial teams. Journal of Business Venturing, vol: 23,p:613-626.
Hambrick, D.C., (2007). Upper echelons theory: an update. Academy of Management Review 32 (2), 334–343.
http://www.isti.ir/
Jarzabkowski, P., Searle, R.H., (2004). Harnessing diversity and collective action in the top management team. Long Range Planning 37 (5), 399–419.
Jaksic & Jovanovic, Maja; Petkovic, Milica, (2015). Technology Entrepreneurship in the Changing Business Environment – A Triple Helix Performance Model. Amfiteatru Economic.
Jensen, Tommy H. Clausen (2017). Origins and emergence of exploration and exploitation capabilities in new technology-based firms. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, p: 1-13.
Kamm, J.B., Shuman, J.C., Seeger, J.A., Nurick, A.J. (1990). Entrepreneurial teams in new venture creation: a research agenda. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 14 (4); p: 7–17.
Kristinsson, Kari; Candi, Marina; J. Samundsson, Rognvaldur, (2016), The Relationship between Founder Team Diversity and Innovation Performance: The Moderating Role of Causation Logic. Long Range Planning, 49 (2016), 464–476.
Knuckles, James, (2015). Business models for mini-grid electricity in base of the pyramid markets. Energy for Sustainable Development (31) 2016, P:67-82.
Lasch, F., Le Roy, F., & Yami, S. (2007). Critical growth factors of ICT start-ups. Management decision,45 (1). 62 -75.
Lechler, T. (2001). Social interaction: a determinant of entrepreneurial team venture success. Small Business Economics16 (4); p: 263–278.
Martina, Konigova. Urbancova Hana. Fejfar Jiri. (2012). Identification of Managerial Competencies in Knowledge-based Organizations. Journal of Competitiveness. Vol 4 .Iss: 1; p: 129-142.
Mendelson, H. (2000). Organizational architecture and success in the information technology industry. Management Science. (46:4); p: 513-529.
O'Reilly, Charles & Tushman, Michael (2013). Organizational Ambidexterity: Past, Present and Future. Electronic Journal.
Partanen, J., Möller, K., Westerlund, M., Rajala, R., & Rajala, A. (2008). Social capital in the growth of science-and-technology-based SMEs. Industrial Marketing Management, 37(5), p:513-522.
Pilat, D., & Wölfl, A. (2004). ICT production and ICT use: what role in aggregate productivity growth? The Economic impact of ICT-measurement, evidence, and implications; p: 85-104.
Quinn, Robert E & Cameron, Kim (1983). Organizational Life Cycles and Shifting Criteria of Effectiveness: Some Preliminary Evidence. Management Science, vol 29, no 1.
Raver, J.L., Gelfand, M.J., (2005). Beyond the individual victim: linking sexual harassment, team processes, and team performance. Academy of Management Journal 48 (3), 387–400.
Raymond, William, (2005). Building A Successful Team. Journal of Knowledge Management.
Roberts, E.B. (1991). Entrepreneurs in High Technology: Lessons from MIT and Beyond. Oxford University Press, New York.
Sánchez José C.& García Brizeida R. & Sánchez Hernández (2017). Entrepreneurship Education as a Key Antecedent to Boost Nascent Entrepreneurs. Business Science.
Shaw, M.E., (1981). Group Dynamics: The Psychology of Small Group Behavior. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Souitaris, V. & Maestro, B.M.M. (2010). Polychronicity in top management teams: The impact on strategic decision processes and performance of new technology ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 31(6), 652–678.
Smulders, J. & L. Bretschger (2007). Sustainable Use of Resources and Economic Dynamics. ournal of Environmental & Resource Economics, Vol.36; pp:1-13.
Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1994). Grounded theory methodology: An overview. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research. Research; pp: 275-275.
Strauss, A. and J. Corbin (1998); Basics of Qualitative Research; Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques (2nd ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Tabesh, Y, Morovati, M, Akbarpoor, M. (2015). Understanding Silicon Valley. With support: Vice President for Science and Technology of the Islamic Republic of Iran. (In Persian).
Taylor, Margaret, Taylor, Andrew, (2012). The technology life cycle: Conceptualization and managerial implications, Int. J. Production Economics (140), p: 541-553.
Tongur, Stefan; Engwall, Mats, (2014). The business model dilemma of technology shifts, Technovation, P:1-11.
Tushman, M. L., & O’Reilly, C. A. (1996). Ambidextrous Organizations: Managing Evolutionary and Revolutionary Change. California Management Review, 38(4), 8–29.
Ucbasaran, D., Lockett, A., Wright, M., & Westhead, P. (2003). Entrepreneurial founder teams: Factors associated with member entry and exit. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28, p: 107–127.
Vanaelst, I., Clarysse, B., Wright, M., Lockett, A., Moray, N., S’Jegers, R., (2006). Entrepreneurial team development in academic spinouts: an examination of team heterogeneity. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice30(2),249-271.
Wright, F. William, (2015). Client business models, process business risks and the risk of material misstatement of revenue, Accounting, Organizations and Society (48) 2016, P: 43-55.
Yuanyue, Feng (2013). THE DYNAMISM OF IT ENTREPRENEURIAL TEAM: AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE. a thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy, department of information systems national university of singapore.
Yu. Chelnokova, Senokosova. V, Shlyakova. A (2012). Economic Systems: From Chaos To Order. Chaos, Complexity and Leadership, edited by Santo Banerjee, Şefika Şule Erçetin.
Yun BJ, Myriam Hunink MG, Prabhakar AM, Heng M, Liu SW, Qudsi R, Raja AS (2016). Diagnostic Imaging Strategies for Occult Hip Fractures: A Decision and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Acad
