اثر یک دوره تمرینات منتخب ورزشی بر ترکیب بدن کودکان ۷ تا ۱۳ سال
الموضوعات :
1 - گروه فیزیولوزی ورزشی، واحد مرودشت ، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی ، مرودشت ، ایران
2 - گروه فیزیولوزی ورزشی، واحد لارستان ، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی ، مرودشت ، لار
الکلمات المفتاحية: ترکیب بدنی , تمرین ورزشی, شاخص توده بدن , درصد چربی, کودکان,
ملخص المقالة :
مقدمه : هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی اثر یک دوره سه ماهه تمرینات منتخب ورزشی بر ترکیب بدن ساختاری کودکان ۷ تا ۱۳ سال بود .روش شناسی تحقیق : جامعه آماری این تحقیق را دختران سن 7 تا 13 سال دارای اضافه وزن شهرستان مرودشت تشکیل می دادند که تعداد 20 نفر از آنها به صورت داوطلبانه در دسترس به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند و به مدت سه ماه تمرینات منتخب را زیر نظر مربیان به مدت 2 جلسه 60 دقیقه ای در هفته انجام دادند. جهت بررسی داده های تحقیق از آمار توصیفی میانگین و انحراف استاندارد و آماراستنباطی t وایسته استفاده گردید. یافته ها : نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد: یک دوره سه ماهه تمرینات منتخب ورزشی بر تغییرات وزن کودکان ۷ تا ۱۳ سال اثر معنی داری دارد( 05/9- = t ، 001/0 = p ).یک دوره سه ماهه تمرینات منتخب ورزشی بر تغییرات شاخص توده بدن (BMI ) کودکان ۷ تا ۱۳ سال اثر معنی داری دارد( 33/9- = t ، 001/0 = p ).یک دوره سه ماهه تمرینات منتخب ورزشی بر نسبت دور کمر به لگن (WHR ) کودکان ۷ تا ۱۳ سال اثر معنی داری دارد( 14/7- = t ، 001/0 = p ).یک دوره سه ماهه تمرینات منتخب ورزشی بر درصد چربی کودکان ۷ تا ۱۳ سال اثر معنی داری دارد( 15/9- = t ، 001/0 = p ). نتیجه گیری : چنانچه نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد یک دوره سه ماهه تمرینات منتخب ورزشی می تواند باعث کاهش وزن و شاخص توده بدن و نسبت دور کمر به لگن و درصد چربی گردد.
المصادر:
References
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2- Aminaei, Mohsen and Torkan, Somayeh, 2016, The effect of a selected aerobic exercise program on anaerobic capacity and body composition of non-athletic women, Second National Conference on New Achievements in Physical Education and Sports, Chabahar, https://civilica.com/doc/583575
3- Ara, I., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Perez-Gomez, J., Jimenez-Ramirez, J., Serrano-Sanchez, J. A., Dorado, C., & Calbet, J. A. L. (2006). Influence of extracurricular sport activities on body composition and physical fitness in boys: a 3-year longitudinal study. International journal of obesity, 30(7), 1062-1071.
4- Attarzadeh Hosseini, Seyed Reza, Mohammad Rahimi, Gholam Rasoul, and Ghaemi, Javad. (2017). Comparison of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio in predicting overweight/obesity in male students. Razi Medical Sciences (Journal of Iran University of Medical Sciences), 24(161), 67-76. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/10839/fa
5- Azimi, Rezvan, Seyedzadeh, Farideh, Ghouhestani, Samira, and Daneshfar, Afkham. (2016). The effect of different types of body composition feedback on physical activity, body fat percentage and self-esteem of young girls. Salamat va Behdasht Ardabil, 7(3), 312-320. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/227014/fa
6- Booth, ML, Chey, T, Wake, M, Norton, K, Hesketh, K, Dollman, J, and Robertson, I. Change in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among young Australians, 1969-1997. Am J Clin Nutr 77: 29-36, 2003.
7- Chakravarthy, MV and Booth, FW. Inactivity and inaction: we can't afford either. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 157: 731-732, 2003.
8- Chakravarthy, MV and Booth, FW. Exercise. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus, 2003.
9- Faigenbaum, A. D., Zaichkowsky, L. D., Westcott, W. L., Micheli, L. J., & Fehlandt, A. F. (1993). The effects of a twice-a-week strength training program on children. Pediatric exercise science, 5(4), 339-346.
10- Faigenbaum, AD, Loud, RL, O'Connell, J, Glover, S, O'Connell, J, and Westcott, WL. Effects of different resistance training protocols on upper-body strength and endurance development in children. J Strength Cond Res 15: 459-465, 2001.
11- Faigenbaum, AD, Milliken, LA, and Westcott, WL. Maximal strength testing in healthy children. J Strength Cond Res 17: 162-166, 2003.
12- Faigenbaum, AD, Westcott, WL, Loud, RL, and Long, C. The effects of different resistance training protocols on muscular strength and endurance development in children. Pediatrics 104: e5, 1999.
13- Falk, B and Eliakim, A. Resistance training, skeletal muscle and growth. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 1: 120-127, 2003.
14- Falk, B, Sadres, E, Constantini, N, Zigel, L, Lidor, R, and Eliakim, A. The association between adiposity and the response to resistance training among pre- and early-pubertal boys. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 15: 597-606, 2003.
15- Freedman, DS, Ogden, C, Berenson, G, and Horlick, M. Body mass index and body fatness in childhood. J Clin Nutr Metabol Care 8: 618-623, 2005.
16- Galvão, DA, Nosaka, K, Taaffe, DR, Spry, N, Kristjanson, LJ, McGuigan, MR, Suzuki, L, Yamaya, K, and Newton, RU. Resistance training and reduction of treatment side effects in prostate cancer patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38: 2045-2052,2006.
17- Gharakhanloo, Reza, Aghaalinejad, Hamid, Farzad, Babak, and Bayati, Mehdi. (2014). Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio as markers of cardiovascular risk factors in Iran. Payesh, 13(2), 145-153. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/23374/fa
18- Ghorbanloo, Farshad, and Jafarnejad-Groo, Amir Ali. (1400). The effect of corrective exercise on the contractility of lower limb muscles in men with crossed knees during walking: A clinical trial study. Scientific Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 23(4 (serial 80)), 10-17. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/1012258/fa
19- Ghorbanloo, Farshad, Jafarnejadgroo, Amirali, and Fakhri Mirzanagh, Ehsan. (2014). The effect of an elastic band training course on the electrical activity of lower limb muscles in male students with crossed knees during running: a clinical trial study. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 21(3), 327-342. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/1002671/fa
20- Haghighi, Amir Hossein, Qobdian, Tahereh, Damavandi, Mohsen, Hosseini Kakhak, Seyed Ali Reza, Yousef Nia Darzi, Farideh. (2015). The effect of selected exercises on muscle function and body composition in girls with mental retardation. Quarterly Scientific-Research Journal of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, 4(1), 83-91. doi: 10.22038/jpsr.2015.4084.
21- Hosseini Kakhak, S., & Nasrabadi, Sh., & Haghighi, A., & Sharifi Moghadam, A. (2018). The effect of a combined exercise training course on some physical fitness factors in girls with mental retardation. Applied Studies in Biological Sciences in Sport, 6(11), 109-120. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=526430
22- Hussey, J, Bell, C, Bennett, K, O'Dwyer, J, and Gormley, J. Relationship between the intensity of physical activity, inactivity, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in 7-10-year-old Dublin children. Br J Sports Med 41: 311-316, 2007.
23- Jashani Arani, Somayeh and Arabian Arani, Mohammad, 2015, The effect of a selected squash training program and exercise program on body mass index (BMI), weight and total body fat percentage of elite athletes in this field, First National Conference on New Achievements in Physical Education and Sports, Chabahar, https://civilica.com/doc/426749
24- Kimiagar Seyed Masoud, Nouri Nazanin, Esmail Zadeh Ahmad. The effect of weight loss on waist and hip circumference in overweight and obese women. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism [Internet]. 1384;7(3 (Issue 27)):255-261. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/27590/fa
25- McGuigan, M. R., Tatasciore, M., Newton, R. U., & Pettigrew, S. (2009). Eight weeks of resistance training can significantly alter body composition in children who are overweight or obese. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(1), 80-85
26- Moeini, Sanaz, Roustaei, Mohammad Mohsen, and Akbarzadeh Baghban, Alireza. (2018). The effect of medical insoles and exercise training of the internal plantar muscles on the correction of the longitudinal arch of the foot, pelvic tilt angle and lumbar lordosis in people with flat feet: a review article. Rehabilitation Medicine, 7(4), 261-267. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/239926/fa.
27- Mortazavi, Seyed Mohammad Javad, Espandar, Ramin, and Baghdadi, Taghi. (2007). How to deal with flat feet in children. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 17(2), 163-170. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/76222/fa
28- Nikkho Amiri, Fatemeh, Akuchekian, Mahdieh, Shirzad-Eraqi, Elham, and Hosseini Nejad, Seyed Ismail. (2019). The effect of 6 weeks of comprehensive corrective exercises on balance and the pattern of changes in plantar pressure in adolescent girls with flexible flat feet. Rehabilitation Medicine, 9(3), 72-82. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/386852/fa
29- Okely, A. D., Booth, M. L., & Chey, T. (2004). Relationships between body composition and fundamental movement skills among children and adolescents. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 75(3), 238-247.
30- Rajabian Zahra, Talebi Nahid. The effect of a selected sports activity program on physical literacy and body composition of overweight and obese elementary school female students. Pajoohan Scientific Journal. 2016; 19 (3):18-12
31- Rajabiyan Z, Talebi N. Effect of a Selected Exercise Program on Physical Literacy and Body Composition of Elementary School Girls with Overweight and Obesity. Pajouhan Sci J. 2021; 19 (3) :12-18
32- Robertson, RJ, Goss, FL, Andreacci, JL, Dubé, JJ, Rutkowski, JJ, Frazee, KM, Aaron, DJ, Metz, KF, Kowallis, RA, and Snee, BM. Validation of the Children's OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 37: 819-826, 2005.
33- Satoti, Behnaz, Karimi, Mohammad Taghi, Tahmasbi Baldaji, Razieh, and Pol, Fatemeh. (2012). Investigation of static balance in people with flat feet. Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 8(8 (Special Issue on Movement Disorders)), 1277-1284. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/143929/fa
34- Shahidi, Fereshteh, and Moharramzadeh, Souda. (2017). FATmax exercises, the best type of exercise to improve body fat composition. Razi Medical Sciences (Journal of Iran University of Medical Sciences), 24(164), 52-62. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/11117/fa
35- Singh, A., Venn, A., Blizzard, L., Jones, G., Burgess, J., Parameswaran, V., ... & Antony, B. (2022). Association between osteoarthritis-related serum biochemical markers over 11 years and knee MRI-based imaging biomarkers in middle-aged adults. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 30(5), 756-764..
36- Sothern, MS, Loftin, JM, Udall, JN, Suskind, RM, Ewing, TL, Tang, SC, and Blecker, U. Inclusion of resistance exercise in a multidisciplinary outpatient treatment program for preadolescent obese children. South Med J 92: 585-592, 1999.
37- Sothern, MS, Loftin, JM, Udall, JN, Suskind, RM, Ewing, TL, Tang, SC, and Blecker, U. Safety, feasibility, and efficacy of a resistance training program in preadolescent obese children. Am J Med Sci 319: 370-375, 2000.
38- Valizadeh Oranj, Aydin, Ghorbanloo, Farshad, and Jafarnejadgroo, Amirali. (2019). The effect of a graded knee brace at two angles of 30 degrees and 60 degrees on ground reaction forces during landing in boys with crossed knees: A clinical trial study. Scientific Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 22(2 (serial 74)), 1-8. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/370336/fa
39- Venn, A, Thomson, RJ, Schmidt, MD, Cleland, VJ, Curry, BA, Gennat, HC, and Dwyer, T. Overweight and obesity from childhood to adulthood: a follow-up of participants in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey. Med J Aust 186: 458-460, 2007.
40- Volek, JS, Gómez, AL, Scheett, TP, Sharman, MJ, French, DN, Rubin, MR, Ratamess, NA, McGuigan, MR, and Kraemer, WJ. Increasing fluid milk favorably affects bone mineral density responses to resistance training in adolescent boys. J Am Diet Assoc 103: 1353-1356, 2003.
41- Watts, K, Jones, TW, Davis, E, and Green, D. Exercise training in obese children and adolescents: current concepts. Sports Med 35: 375-392, 2005.
42- Yu, C, Sung, R, So, R, Lui, K, Lau, W, Lam, P, and Lau, E. Effects of strength training on body composition and bone mineral content in children who are obese. J Strength Cond Res 19: 667-672, 2005.
43- Zeinali, Elnaz, Moghadam, Amir, and Ghasemian Moghadam, Mohammad Reza. (2017). The relationship between body composition characteristics and sustained attention in children. Child Mental Health (Child Psychology), 4(4), 130-139. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/258310/fa
References
1- Abdoli, Behrouz, Teymouri, Mustafa, Zamani, Sani, Seyed Hojat, Zeraatkar, Meysam, and Hovanloo, Fariborz. (2011). The relationship between the longitudinal arch of the foot and some selected motor indices of 11-14 year old children. Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 7(3), 381-390. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/144023/fa
2- Aminaei, Mohsen and Torkan, Somayeh, 2016, The effect of a selected aerobic exercise program on anaerobic capacity and body composition of non-athletic women, Second National Conference on New Achievements in Physical Education and Sports, Chabahar, https://civilica.com/doc/583575
3- Ara, I., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Perez-Gomez, J., Jimenez-Ramirez, J., Serrano-Sanchez, J. A., Dorado, C., & Calbet, J. A. L. (2006). Influence of extracurricular sport activities on body composition and physical fitness in boys: a 3-year longitudinal study. International journal of obesity, 30(7), 1062-1071.
4- Attarzadeh Hosseini, Seyed Reza, Mohammad Rahimi, Gholam Rasoul, and Ghaemi, Javad. (2017). Comparison of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio in predicting overweight/obesity in male students. Razi Medical Sciences (Journal of Iran University of Medical Sciences), 24(161), 67-76. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/10839/fa
5- Azimi, Rezvan, Seyedzadeh, Farideh, Ghouhestani, Samira, and Daneshfar, Afkham. (2016). The effect of different types of body composition feedback on physical activity, body fat percentage and self-esteem of young girls. Salamat va Behdasht Ardabil, 7(3), 312-320. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/227014/fa
6- Booth, ML, Chey, T, Wake, M, Norton, K, Hesketh, K, Dollman, J, and Robertson, I. Change in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among young Australians, 1969-1997. Am J Clin Nutr 77: 29-36, 2003.
7- Chakravarthy, MV and Booth, FW. Inactivity and inaction: we can't afford either. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 157: 731-732, 2003.
8- Chakravarthy, MV and Booth, FW. Exercise. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus, 2003.
9- Faigenbaum, A. D., Zaichkowsky, L. D., Westcott, W. L., Micheli, L. J., & Fehlandt, A. F. (1993). The effects of a twice-a-week strength training program on children. Pediatric exercise science, 5(4), 339-346.
10- Faigenbaum, AD, Loud, RL, O'Connell, J, Glover, S, O'Connell, J, and Westcott, WL. Effects of different resistance training protocols on upper-body strength and endurance development in children. J Strength Cond Res 15: 459-465, 2001.
11- Faigenbaum, AD, Milliken, LA, and Westcott, WL. Maximal strength testing in healthy children. J Strength Cond Res 17: 162-166, 2003.
12- Faigenbaum, AD, Westcott, WL, Loud, RL, and Long, C. The effects of different resistance training protocols on muscular strength and endurance development in children. Pediatrics 104: e5, 1999.
13- Falk, B and Eliakim, A. Resistance training, skeletal muscle and growth. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 1: 120-127, 2003.
14- Falk, B, Sadres, E, Constantini, N, Zigel, L, Lidor, R, and Eliakim, A. The association between adiposity and the response to resistance training among pre- and early-pubertal boys. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 15: 597-606, 2003.
15- Freedman, DS, Ogden, C, Berenson, G, and Horlick, M. Body mass index and body fatness in childhood. J Clin Nutr Metabol Care 8: 618-623, 2005.
16- Galvão, DA, Nosaka, K, Taaffe, DR, Spry, N, Kristjanson, LJ, McGuigan, MR, Suzuki, L, Yamaya, K, and Newton, RU. Resistance training and reduction of treatment side effects in prostate cancer patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38: 2045-2052,2006.
17- Gharakhanloo, Reza, Aghaalinejad, Hamid, Farzad, Babak, and Bayati, Mehdi. (2014). Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio as markers of cardiovascular risk factors in Iran. Payesh, 13(2), 145-153. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/23374/fa
18- Ghorbanloo, Farshad, and Jafarnejad-Groo, Amir Ali. (1400). The effect of corrective exercise on the contractility of lower limb muscles in men with crossed knees during walking: A clinical trial study. Scientific Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 23(4 (serial 80)), 10-17. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/1012258/fa
19- Ghorbanloo, Farshad, Jafarnejadgroo, Amirali, and Fakhri Mirzanagh, Ehsan. (2014). The effect of an elastic band training course on the electrical activity of lower limb muscles in male students with crossed knees during running: a clinical trial study. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 21(3), 327-342. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/1002671/fa
20- Haghighi, Amir Hossein, Qobdian, Tahereh, Damavandi, Mohsen, Hosseini Kakhak, Seyed Ali Reza, Yousef Nia Darzi, Farideh. (2015). The effect of selected exercises on muscle function and body composition in girls with mental retardation. Quarterly Scientific-Research Journal of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, 4(1), 83-91. doi: 10.22038/jpsr.2015.4084.
21- Hosseini Kakhak, S., & Nasrabadi, Sh., & Haghighi, A., & Sharifi Moghadam, A. (2018). The effect of a combined exercise training course on some physical fitness factors in girls with mental retardation. Applied Studies in Biological Sciences in Sport, 6(11), 109-120. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=526430
22- Hussey, J, Bell, C, Bennett, K, O'Dwyer, J, and Gormley, J. Relationship between the intensity of physical activity, inactivity, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in 7-10-year-old Dublin children. Br J Sports Med 41: 311-316, 2007.
23- Jashani Arani, Somayeh and Arabian Arani, Mohammad, 2015, The effect of a selected squash training program and exercise program on body mass index (BMI), weight and total body fat percentage of elite athletes in this field, First National Conference on New Achievements in Physical Education and Sports, Chabahar, https://civilica.com/doc/426749
24- Kimiagar Seyed Masoud, Nouri Nazanin, Esmail Zadeh Ahmad. The effect of weight loss on waist and hip circumference in overweight and obese women. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism [Internet]. 1384;7(3 (Issue 27)):255-261. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/27590/fa
25- McGuigan, M. R., Tatasciore, M., Newton, R. U., & Pettigrew, S. (2009). Eight weeks of resistance training can significantly alter body composition in children who are overweight or obese. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(1), 80-85
26- Moeini, Sanaz, Roustaei, Mohammad Mohsen, and Akbarzadeh Baghban, Alireza. (2018). The effect of medical insoles and exercise training of the internal plantar muscles on the correction of the longitudinal arch of the foot, pelvic tilt angle and lumbar lordosis in people with flat feet: a review article. Rehabilitation Medicine, 7(4), 261-267. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/239926/fa.
27- Mortazavi, Seyed Mohammad Javad, Espandar, Ramin, and Baghdadi, Taghi. (2007). How to deal with flat feet in children. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 17(2), 163-170. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/76222/fa
28- Nikkho Amiri, Fatemeh, Akuchekian, Mahdieh, Shirzad-Eraqi, Elham, and Hosseini Nejad, Seyed Ismail. (2019). The effect of 6 weeks of comprehensive corrective exercises on balance and the pattern of changes in plantar pressure in adolescent girls with flexible flat feet. Rehabilitation Medicine, 9(3), 72-82. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/386852/fa
29- Okely, A. D., Booth, M. L., & Chey, T. (2004). Relationships between body composition and fundamental movement skills among children and adolescents. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 75(3), 238-247.
30- Rajabian Zahra, Talebi Nahid. The effect of a selected sports activity program on physical literacy and body composition of overweight and obese elementary school female students. Pajoohan Scientific Journal. 2016; 19 (3):18-12
31- Rajabiyan Z, Talebi N. Effect of a Selected Exercise Program on Physical Literacy and Body Composition of Elementary School Girls with Overweight and Obesity. Pajouhan Sci J. 2021; 19 (3) :12-18
32- Robertson, RJ, Goss, FL, Andreacci, JL, Dubé, JJ, Rutkowski, JJ, Frazee, KM, Aaron, DJ, Metz, KF, Kowallis, RA, and Snee, BM. Validation of the Children's OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 37: 819-826, 2005.
33- Satoti, Behnaz, Karimi, Mohammad Taghi, Tahmasbi Baldaji, Razieh, and Pol, Fatemeh. (2012). Investigation of static balance in people with flat feet. Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 8(8 (Special Issue on Movement Disorders)), 1277-1284. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/143929/fa
34- Shahidi, Fereshteh, and Moharramzadeh, Souda. (2017). FATmax exercises, the best type of exercise to improve body fat composition. Razi Medical Sciences (Journal of Iran University of Medical Sciences), 24(164), 52-62. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/11117/fa
35- Singh, A., Venn, A., Blizzard, L., Jones, G., Burgess, J., Parameswaran, V., ... & Antony, B. (2022). Association between osteoarthritis-related serum biochemical markers over 11 years and knee MRI-based imaging biomarkers in middle-aged adults. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 30(5), 756-764..
36- Sothern, MS, Loftin, JM, Udall, JN, Suskind, RM, Ewing, TL, Tang, SC, and Blecker, U. Inclusion of resistance exercise in a multidisciplinary outpatient treatment program for preadolescent obese children. South Med J 92: 585-592, 1999.
37- Sothern, MS, Loftin, JM, Udall, JN, Suskind, RM, Ewing, TL, Tang, SC, and Blecker, U. Safety, feasibility, and efficacy of a resistance training program in preadolescent obese children. Am J Med Sci 319: 370-375, 2000.
38- Valizadeh Oranj, Aydin, Ghorbanloo, Farshad, and Jafarnejadgroo, Amirali. (2019). The effect of a graded knee brace at two angles of 30 degrees and 60 degrees on ground reaction forces during landing in boys with crossed knees: A clinical trial study. Scientific Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 22(2 (serial 74)), 1-8. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/370336/fa
39- Venn, A, Thomson, RJ, Schmidt, MD, Cleland, VJ, Curry, BA, Gennat, HC, and Dwyer, T. Overweight and obesity from childhood to adulthood: a follow-up of participants in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey. Med J Aust 186: 458-460, 2007.
40- Volek, JS, Gómez, AL, Scheett, TP, Sharman, MJ, French, DN, Rubin, MR, Ratamess, NA, McGuigan, MR, and Kraemer, WJ. Increasing fluid milk favorably affects bone mineral density responses to resistance training in adolescent boys. J Am Diet Assoc 103: 1353-1356, 2003.
41- Watts, K, Jones, TW, Davis, E, and Green, D. Exercise training in obese children and adolescents: current concepts. Sports Med 35: 375-392, 2005.
42- Yu, C, Sung, R, So, R, Lui, K, Lau, W, Lam, P, and Lau, E. Effects of strength training on body composition and bone mineral content in children who are obese. J Strength Cond Res 19: 667-672, 2005.
43- Zeinali, Elnaz, Moghadam, Amir, and Ghasemian Moghadam, Mohammad Reza. (2017). The relationship between body composition characteristics and sustained attention in children. Child Mental Health (Child Psychology), 4(4), 130-139. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/258310/fa
