تحلیل و مقایسه تالاب‌های مصنوعی برای گیاه‌پالایی فاضلاب
الموضوعات : New Approches in Environmental and Applied Ecologyمسعود نوشادی 1 , زهرا اسلامی 2 , سعید عوض پور 3
1 - رئیس بخش مهندسی آب دانشگاه شیراز
2 - بخش مهندسی آب، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
3 - بخش مهندسی آب، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: تالاب‌های مصنوعی, راهکارهای سبز, گیاه‌پالایی, کنترل آلودگی, تصفیه فاضلاب,
ملخص المقالة :
تالاب‌های مصنوعی، سیستم‌های مهندسی‌شده‌ای هستند که عملکردهای تالاب‌های طبیعی را برای تصفیه پایدار فاضلاب از طریق گیاه‌پالایی تکرار می‌کنند. این بررسی، تجزیه و تحلیل جامعی از انواع تالاب‌های مصنوعی، از جمله جریان آزاد سطحی آب، جریان افقی و عمودی زیرسطحی، سیستم‌های ترکیبی و تالاب‌های شناور تصفیه، با برجسته کردن طرح‌های ساختاری، رژیم‌های جریان و گونه‌های گیاهی مورد استفاده در آنها ارائه می‌دهد. مکانیسم‌های گیاه‌پالایی، مانند استخراج گیاهی و تجزیه گیاهی، به تفصیل بررسی شده‌اند. ارزیابی‌های عملکرد نشان می‌دهد که تالاب‌های مصنوعی به طور مؤثر مواد مغذی، فلزات سنگین، عوامل بیماری‌زا و آلاینده‌های نوظهور را حذف می‌کنند و راندمان حذف آنها تحت تأثیر انتخاب گیاه، زمان ماند هیدرولیکی و شرایط عملیاتی قرار دارد. کاربردهای مختلف در تصفیه فاضلاب شهری، صنعتی و کشاورزی بررسی شده و با مطالعات موردی در سطح بین المللی مطابقت داده شده است. چالش‌هایی مانند نیاز به زمین، تغییرپذیری فصلی و محدودیت‌ها در حذف آلاینده‌های نوظهور در کنار دیدگاه‌های نوآوری، از جمله اصلاحات بیوچار، پیکربندی‌های ترکیبی و تشدید سیستم، مورد بحث قرار گرفته‌اند. تالاب‌های مصنوعی یک جایگزین مقاوم، کم‌انرژی و از نظر اکولوژیکی مفید برای تصفیه فاضلاب ارائه می‌دهند که پتانسیل قابل توجهی در پیشبرد استراتژی‌های مدیریت یکپارچه و چرخشی آب دارد.
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