تغذیه فرادقیق: گذر از تعاملات دو گانه رژیم غذا-میکروبیوم به سوی میکروبیومیکس شخصی‌سازی‌شده
الموضوعات :احمد غلامی 1 , علیرضا ابراهیمی نژاد 2
1 - مرکز تحقیقات بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، شیراز، ایران.
2 - مرکز تحقیقات بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، شیراز، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: تغذیه فرادقیق, میکروبیومیکس, رژیم غذا, میکروبیوم, تعدیل میکروبیوم.,
ملخص المقالة :
میکروبیوم روده انسان به‌عنوان یک اکوسیستم پویا و چند-گونه‌ای نقش محوری در تنظیم و پایداری متابولیک، ایمنی و سلامت عمومی ایفا می‌کند. در این نوشتار، تأثیر رژیم‌های غذایی مختلف از جمله رژیم مدیترانه‌ای، پُرفیبر، گیاه‌خواری، پُرپروتئین، کتوژنیک و غربی بر ترکیب، عملکرد و تنوع میکروبیوتای روده بررسی شد. روش پژوهش شامل جستجوی مقالات در پایگاه‌های PubMed/MEDLINE، Google Scholar، Web of Science، EMBASE، ISC و SID تا ژوئن ۲۰۲۵ با کلیدواژه‌های مرتبط فارسی و انگلیسی بود. نتایج نشان داد که الگوهای غذایی غنی از فیبر و پلی‌فنول موجب افزایش تولید اسیدهای چرب کوتاه‌زنجیر (SCFA)، تعدیل پاسخ‌های ایمنی و بهبود نشانگرهای متابولیک می‌شوند، در حالی که رژیم غربی و پُرپروتئین با کاهش تنوع میکروبی و افزایش محصولات سمی مانند TMAO و سولفید هیدروژن مرتبط است. رژیم مدیترانه‌ای و نسخه ارتقاءیافته آن، رژیم سبز، بیشترین تأثیر مثبت را بر افزایش گونه‌های ضدالتهابی (مانند Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) و تقویت مسیرهای تخمیری SCFA داشتند. همچنین پیشرفت‌های تکنولوژیک در توالی‌یابی متاژنومیک و مدل‌سازی متابولیک امکان شناخت عمیق‌تر سازوکارهای غذایی-میکروبیومی را فراهم کرده است. در پایان، چشم‌انداز توسعه «پروبیوتیک‌های نسل آینده» با پتانسیل تشخیصی-درمانی همزمان و مداخلات تغذیه‌ای فرادقیق برای مدیریت فردمحور تعاملات غذا-میکروبیوم تبیین شد. این نوشتار زیرساخت علمی لازم برای تدوین توصیه‌های غذایی عملی و طراحی مداخلات تغذیه‌ای هدفمند را با درنظر گرفتن الگوی میکروبیومیکس به منظور پیشگیری و درمان بیماری‌ها ارائه می‌دهد.
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7. Abdallah RA, Beye M, Diop A, Bakour S, Raoult D, Fournier PE. The impact of culturomics on taxonomy in clinical microbiology. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2017;110(10):1327-37.
8. F. S, S. GT, W. OTP. The healthy microbiome—what is the definition of a healthy gut microbiome? Gastroenterology. 2021;160(2):483-94.
9. A. AN, M. HS, K. AR. The curious case of Prevotella copri. Gut Microbes. 2023;15(2):2249152.
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12. Falony G, Joossens M, Vieira-Silva S, Wang J, Darzi Y, Faust K, et al. Population-level analysis of gut microbiome variation. Science. 2016;352(6285):560-4.
13. Bonder MJ, Tigchelaar EF, Cai X, Trynka G, Cenit MC, Hrdlickova B, et al. The influence of a short-term gluten-free diet on the human gut microbiome. Genome medicine. 2016;8:1-11.
14. M. G-PA, P. R-L, J. S-S, J. V, D. C, M. F, et al. Gut microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a PREDIMED-Plus trial sub analysis. Gut Microbes. 2023;15(1):2223339.
15. Ghosh TS, Rampelli S, Jeffery IB, Santoro A, Neto M, Capri M, et al. Mediterranean diet intervention alters the gut microbiome in older people reducing frailty and improving health status: the NU-AGE 1-year dietary intervention across five European countries. Gut. 2020;69(7):1218-28.
16. D. WD, H. NL, Y. L, Y. Y, W. M, E. R, et al. The gut microbiome modulates the protective association between a Mediterranean diet and cardiometabolic disease risk. Nature medicine. 2021;27(2):333-43.
17. Wang DD, Nguyen LH, Li Y, Yan Y, Ma W, Rinott E, et al. The gut microbiome modulates the protective association between a Mediterranean diet and cardiometabolic disease risk. Nature medicine. 2021;27(2):333-43.
18. Rinott E, Meir AY, Tsaban G, Zelicha H, Kaplan A, Knights D, et al. The effects of the Green-Mediterranean diet on cardiometabolic health are linked to gut microbiome modifications: a randomized controlled trial. Genome medicine. 2022;14(1):29.
19. Waddell IS, Orfila C. Dietary fiber in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases: From epidemiological evidence to potential molecular mechanisms. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2023;63(27):8752-67.
20. Chen L, Liu B, Ren L, Du H, Fei C, Qian C, et al. High-fiber diet ameliorates gut microbiota, serum metabolism and emotional mood in type 2 diabetes patients. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 2023;Volume 13 - 2023.
21. Coker JK, Moyne O, Rodionov DA, Zengler K. Carbohydrates great and small, from dietary fiber to sialic acids: How glycans influence the gut microbiome and affect human health. Gut Microbes. 2021;13(1):1869502.
22. Benítez-Páez A, Kjølbæk L, Gómez del Pulgar EM, Brahe LK, Astrup A, Matysik S, et al. A multi-omics approach to unraveling the microbiome-mediated effects of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides in overweight humans. Msystems. 2019;4(4):10.1128/msystems. 00209-19.
23. Wang Y, Ames NP, Tun HM, Tosh SM, Jones PJ, Khafipour E. High Molecular Weight Barley β-Glucan Alters Gut Microbiota Toward Reduced Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2016;Volume 7 - 2016.
24. Deehan EC, Yang C, Perez-Muñoz ME, Nguyen NK, Cheng CC, Triador L, et al. Precision microbiome modulation with discrete dietary fiber structures directs short-chain fatty acid production. Cell host & microbe. 2020;27(3):389-404. e6.
25. Vangay P, Johnson AJ, Ward TL, Al-Ghalith GA, Shields-Cutler RR, Hillmann BM, et al. US immigration westernizes the human gut microbiome. Cell. 2018;175(4):962-72. e10.
26. Siddiqui MT, Cresci GA. The immunomodulatory functions of butyrate. Journal of inflammation research. 2021:6025-41.
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