مقایسه اثرات نانوذرات نقره، مس و اکسید روی بر بیان ژن فاکتور نکروز تومور α (TNF-α) در موش Balb/C آلوده به اشریشیا کلی
الموضوعات :مریم محمدخانی 1 , صبا طاهری 2 , جواد آراسته 3
1 - گروه زیست شناسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اسلامشهر، ایران.
3 - گروه زیست شناسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: Escherichia coli, نانوذرات, نقره, اکسید روی, مس, فاکتور نکروز توموری آلفا,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و اهداف: تعداد افراد مبتلا به باکتری‌های بیماری‌زا در حال افزایش است. آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های رایج به دلیل سازوکارهای ایجاد مقاومت، کارایی خود را از دست می‌دهند. فناوری نانو رویکردی به نام عوامل ضد میکروبی مبتنی بر نانوذرات معرفی کرده است که قادر به مهار رشد باکتری‌ها می‌باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: حداقل غلظت مهارکنندگی (MIC) نانوذرات نقره (Ag) ، اکسید روی (ZnO) و مس (Cu) علیه Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 با استفاده از روش رقت‌سازی در کشت مایع تعیین شد. ۵۴ موش نر نژاد Balb/C به 9 گروه تقسیم شدند، به‌صورت داخل صفاقی با E.coli (CFU/mL 10^8)آلوده شده و با نانوذرات ZnO، Ag و Cu (در دز MIC) یا ایمی‌پنم (گروه کنترل) تحت درمان قرار گرفتند. ۲۴ ساعت پس از درمان، RNA طحال استخراج شد و بیان ژن فاکتور نکروز توموری آلفا (TNF-α) با استفاده از Real-time PCR سنجیده شد.
یافته‌ها: MIC نانوذرات Ag برابر ۱۲۵ میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر و برای ZnO و Cu برابر ۶۲.۵ میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر بود که اثربخشی بهتر نانوذرات ZnO و Cu را نشان داد. بیان ژن TNF-α در گروه‌های دریافت‌کننده ایمی‌پنم و نانوذرات نقره به‌طور معنی‌داری کمتر از گروه‌های دریافت‌کننده ZnO و Cu بود (p < 0.05).
نتیجه‌گیری: صرف‌نظر از آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها، نانوذرات نیز خاصیت ضد میکروبی علیه باکتری‌هایی نظیر E. coli دارند. این ویژگی‌ها آن‌ها را به گزینه‌ای مناسب برای درمان بیماری‌های عفونی تبدیل می‌کند.
1. Huh, A.J.a.Y.J.K., a new paradigm for treating infectious diseases using nanomaterials in the antibiotics resistant era. Journal of controlled release. Journal of controlled release, 2011.
2. Sara Tootoonsaz, M.K., Detection of integrons and gene cassettes among multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli uropathogenic strains isolated from clinical specimens in Bushehr. Journal of Microbial World, 2024. 16.
3. Iwu, C.D. and A.I. Okoh, Preharvest transmission routes of fresh produce associated bacterial pathogens with outbreak potentials: a review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. 16(22): p. 4407.
4. Rahmati, F., Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum in Eudragit S100 and alginate chitosan under gastrointestinal and normal conditions. Applied Nanoscience, 2020. 10(2): p. 391-399.
5. Lin, D.M., B. Koskella, and H.C. Lin, Phage therapy: An alternative to antibiotics in the age of multi-drug resistance. World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics, 2017. 8(3): p. 162.
6. Rahmati, F., et al., New insights into the role of nanotechnology in microbial food safety. 3 Biotech, 2020. 10(10): p. 1-15.
7. Rahmati, F., Impact of microencapsulation on two probiotic strains in alginate chitosan and Eudragit S100 under gastrointestinal and normal conditions. The Open Biotechnology Journal, 2019. 13(1).
8. Makvandi, P., et al., Endocytosis of abiotic nanomaterials and nanobiovectors: Inhibition of membrane trafficking. Nano Today, 2021. 40: p. 101279.
9. Ndayishimiye, J., et al., Nanomaterials: The New Antimicrobial Magic Bullet. ACS Infectious Diseases, 2022. 8(4): p. 693-712.
10. Ahamed, M., et al., Oxidative stress mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis response of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Chemosphere, 2019. 216: p. 823-831.
11. Punjabi, K., et al., Efficiency of biosynthesized silver and zinc nanoparticles against multi-drug resistant pathogens. Frontiers in microbiology, 2018. 9: p. 2207.
12. Karpisheh, V., et al., The role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer. Cancer Cell International, 2022. 22(1): p. 1-13.
13. Babin, K., D. Goncalves, and D. Girard, Nanoparticles enhance the ability of human neutrophils to exert phagocytosis by a Syk-dependent mechanism. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 2015. 1850(11): p. 2276-2282.
14. Wiegand, I., K. Hilpert, and R.E. Hancock, Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances. Nature protocols, 2008. 3(2): p. 163-175.
15. Andrews, J.M., Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. Journal of antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2001. 48(suppl_1): p. 5-16.
16. Lemire, J.A., J.J. Harrison, and R.J. Turner, Antimicrobial activity of metals: mechanisms, molecular targets and applications. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2013. 11(6): p. 371-384.
17. Pahlevan Kakhki, M., TRIzol-based RNA extraction: a reliable method for gene expression studies. Journal of sciences, Islamic Republic of IRAN, 2014. 25(1): p. 13-17.
18. Maan, S., et al., Rapid cDNA synthesis and sequencing techniques for the genetic study of bluetongue and other dsRNA viruses. Journal of virological methods, 2007. 143(2): p. 132-139.
19. Nolan, T., R.E. Hands, and S.A. Bustin, Quantification of mRNA using real-time RT-PCR. Nature protocols, 2006. 1(3): p. 1559-1582.
20. Rahmati, F., Characterization of Lactobacillus, Bacillus and Saccharomyces isolated from Iranian traditional dairy products for potential sources of starter cultures. AIMS microbiology, 2017. 3(4): p. 815.
21. Slavin, Y.N., et al., Metal nanoparticles: understanding the mechanisms behind antibacterial activity. Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2017. 15(1): p. 1-20.
22. Azam, A., et al., Antimicrobial activity of metal oxide nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: a comparative study. International journal of nanomedicine, 2012. 7: p. 6003.
23. ATMACA, S., K. GÜL, and R. Cicek, The effect of zinc on microbial growth. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 1998. 28(6): p. 595-598.
24. Zarrindokht, E.-K. and C. Pegah, Antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticle on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. African journal of microbiology research, 2011. 5(12): p. 1368-1373.
25. Reddy, K.M., et al., Selective toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Applied physics letters, 2007. 90(21): p. 213902.
26. Li, W.-R., et al., A comparative analysis of antibacterial activity, dynamics, and effects of silver ions and silver nanoparticles against four bacterial strains. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2017. 123: p. 304-310.
27. Zhang, L., et al., Silver nanoparticles induced cell apoptosis, membrane damage of Azotobacter vinelandii and Nitrosomonas europaea via generation of reactive oxygen species. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 2019. 103(1): p. 181-186.
28. Canaparo, R., et al., Biomedical applications of reactive oxygen species generation by metal nanoparticles. Materials, 2020. 14(1): p. 53.
29. Sharma, P., D. Goyal, and B. Chudasama, Antibacterial activity of colloidal copper nanoparticles against Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris) bacteria. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2022. 74(5): p. 695-706.
30. Javadhesari, S.M., et al., Antibacterial activity of ultra-small copper oxide (II) nanoparticles synthesized by mechanochemical processing against S. aureus and E. coli. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2019. 105: p. 110011.
31. Singh, P., et al., Silver nanoparticles produced from Cedecea sp. exhibit antibiofilm activity and remarkable stability. Scientific Reports, 2021. 11(1): p. 1-13.
32. Sulaiman, G.M., et al., Hesperidin loaded on gold nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for a successful biocompatible, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and phagocytosis inducer model. Scientific reports, 2020. 10(1): p. 1-16.
33. Ekstrand-Hammarström, B., et al., Human primary bronchial epithelial cells respond differently to titanium dioxide nanoparticles than the lung epithelial cell lines A549 and BEAS-2B. Nanotoxicology, 2012. 6(6): p. 623-634.
34. Huerta-García, E., et al., Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce strong oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in glial cells. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2014. 73: p. 84-94.
35. Xia, T., et al., Comparison of the mechanism of toxicity of zinc oxide and cerium oxide nanoparticles based on dissolution and oxidative stress properties. ACS nano, 2008. 2(10): p. 2121-2134.
36. Kumar, S., R. Meena, and R. Paulraj, Role of macrophage (M1 and M2) in titanium-dioxide nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in rat. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2016. 180(7): p. 1257-1275.
37. Yu, Z., et al., Reactive oxygen species-related nanoparticle toxicity in the biomedical field. Nanoscale research letters, 2020. 15(1): p. 1-14.
38. Beyerle, A., et al., Toxicity pathway focused gene expression profiling of PEI-based polymers for pulmonary applications. Molecular pharmaceutics, 2010. 7(3): p. 727-737.
39. Liang, X., et al., Reactive oxygen species trigger NF-κB-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles in A549 cells. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2017. 33(10): p. 737-745.
40. Toti, U.S., et al., Targeted delivery of antibiotics to intracellular chlamydial infections using PLGA nanoparticles. Biomaterials, 2011. 32(27): p. 6606-6613.
41. Saha, B., et al., In vitro structural and functional evaluation of gold nanoparticles conjugated antibiotics. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2007. 2(12): p. 614-622.
42. Tang, H., et al., Effects and mechanism of nano-copper exposure on hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes in rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2018. 19(7): p. 2140.
43. Jeong, S.H., et al., ZnO nanoparticles induce TNF-α expression via ROS-ERK-Egr-1 pathway in human keratinocytes. Journal of dermatological science, 2013. 72(3): p. 263-273.
44. Khan, H., et al., Transient increase in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression in rat liver exposed to gold nanoparticles. Genet Mol Res, 2013. 12(4): p. 5851-5857.
