حساسیت شته Myzus persicae به دو جدایه قارچ بیمارگر Beauveria bassiana از بصره
الموضوعات :
رحمن عزیز عبدالحمزه المخاضری
1
,
شیما رحمانی
2
,
سیده معصومه هاشمی نیا
3
1 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: زیست¬سنجی, شته, قارچ پاتوژن, کنترل بیولوژیک. ,
ملخص المقالة :
شته Myzus persicae حشرهای پلیفاژ است که میتواند خسارتهای زیادی روی محصولات مختلف باغی و زراعی ایجاد کند. به دلیل مقاومت M. persicae به بسیاری آفت‌کش‌ها، استفاده از ترکیبات جایگزین توصیه میشود. قارچ Beauveria bassiana به عنوان یک بیمارگر مؤثر در کنترل شتهها شناخته شده است و به دلیل عدم سمیت برای پستانداران و قابلیت کنترل طولانی‌مدت آفات، مورد توجه قرار دارد. در این تحقیق، کشندگی دو جدایه بومی شهر بصره عراق علیه شته M. persicae بررسی شد. آزمایشهای زیستسنجی در شرایط ثابت (دمای ۱±۲۵ درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی ۷۰ درصد و دورهنوری ۱٦ ساعت روشنایی) و طی مدت زمان ده روز انجام گرفت. بر اساس نتایج، با افزایش غلظت، درصد کشندگی شتهها افزایش مییافت.LC50 جدایه Bb 25 برابر 105×28/4 کنیدی/میلیلیتر و جدایه Bb 195 برابر 105×75/3 کنیدی/میلیلیتر محاسبه شد که نشان میداد جدایه Bb 195 نسبت به Bb 25 مرگآفرینی بیشتری دارد.LT50 مربوط به جدایه Bb 195 در تمامی غلظت‌ها کمتر از Bb 25 بود و با افزایش غلظت میزانLT50 نیز کاهش یافت. کمترین LT50 (89/5 روز) در تیمارBb 195 (غلظت 108 کنیدی/میلیلیتر) و بیشترین مقدار آن (54/12 روز) در تیمارBb 25 (غلظت 103 کنیدی/میلیلیتر) مشاهده شد. این پژوهش نشان داد هر دو جدایه قارچ پاتوژن B. bassiana بومی شهر بصره اثر کشنده مناسبی روی M. persicae داشتند. اگرچه، جدایه Bb 195 به دلیل اثر حشره‌کشی بیشتر در مدت زمانی کمتر، قابلیت بهتری برای استفاده به عنوان عامل کنترل زیستی را دارا بود.
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