Azoxystrobin-Induced Behavioural and Physiological Toxicity in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Ecological Implications for Aquaculture Environments
الموضوعات : Journal of Chemical Health Risks
Gopal Anapana
1
,
Venkata Rathnamma Vakita
2
1 - Research Scholar, Department of Zoology & Aquaculture, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
2 - Professor, Department of Zoology & Aquaculture, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
الکلمات المفتاحية: Azoxystrobin, Behavioural toxicity, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Ecotoxicology, Haematological biomarkers, Histopathology,
ملخص المقالة :
Azoxystrobin is a widely used broad-spectrum fungicide in agriculture, yet its persistence in aquatic ecosystems raises environmental concerns. Building upon previous findings on its haematological toxicity in Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp), this study evaluates its acute behavioural, haematological, and histopathological impacts to provide a broader toxicological assessment. Juvenile C. idella were exposed to both sublethal and lethal concentrations of Azoxystrobin (0.1–1.0 mg L-¹) over 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours periods. Behavioural observations were systematically recorded. Haematological parameters, including Red Blood cells (RBC) count, Haemoglobin (Hb), and Haematocrit (Hct), were measured. Histopathological examination of gills, liver, and brain tissues was conducted to assess organ-level toxicity. Fish exposed to Azoxystrobin exhibited concentration- and time-dependent behavioural abnormalities such as hyperactivity, erratic swimming, surface gasping, and loss of equilibrium. Haematological analysis revealed significant decreases in RBC count, Hb, and Hct (p < 0.05). Histological sections showed clear signs of tissue damage, including gill hyperplasia, hepatic vacuolation, and neuronal degeneration in brain tissues. Azoxystrobin exerts marked behavioural and physiological toxicity in C. idella, reinforcing its ecological risks to non-target freshwater organisms. The results highlight the importance of environmental regulation and call for routine ecotoxicological surveillance of commonly used agrochemicals in aquatic habitats.
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