Exercise Training Modalities and Their Effects on Body Composition and Lipid Profiles in Men with Metabolic Syndrome: A Comparative Study
الموضوعات : Exercise Physiology and Performance
Ebrahim Astereki
1
,
Elham Eftekhari
2
,
Jamshid Banaiee Brojeni
3
1 - Sports Medicine Research Center, Najafabad Branch Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
2 - Department of Physical Education, Na.C., Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
3 - Department of Physical Education, Na.C., Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Exercise, Body Composition, Lipid Profiles, Metabolic Syndrome,
ملخص المقالة :
Background: Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of metabolic disorders including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, is a major global health concern affecting 20-25% of adults worldwide and up to 35% in Iran. Physical activity has been identified as a non-pharmacological intervention to manage this condition by improving insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, blood pressure, and body composition. This study aimed to compare the effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined training on physiological parameters and body composition in men with metabolic syndrome.
Methods: Conducted in 2023 on 110 men aged 20-50 years from Isfahan, participants were randomly assigned to four groups: aerobic (n=27), resistance (n=27), combined (n=28), and control (n=28). Over 12 weeks, the exercise groups followed structured training protocols while body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed pre- and post-intervention.
Results: This study highlights the effectiveness of combined exercise on various health parameters. Combined exercise resulted in the greatest reductions in weight (-5.3%), WHR (-7.1%), Percent Body Fat (-19.9%), body fat mass (-19.6%), TG (-42.6%), LDL-C (-43%), TC (-22.9%), and also led to significant increases in Fat Free Mass (+7%), Skeletal Muscle Mass (+11.5%), and HDL-C (+12.1%). Resistance training ranked second in effectiveness, followed by aerobic training. However, no significant differences were observed among the exercise types for percentage body fat and HDL-C improvements.
Conclusion: The combined training offers superior benefits for managing body composition and metabolic parameters in men with metabolic syndrome. These findings provide evidence for optimizing
1. Raya-Cano E, Molina-Luque R, Vaquero-Abellán M, Molina-Recio G, Jiménez-Mérida R, Romero-Saldaña M. Metabolic syndrome and transaminases: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2023;15(1):220.
2. Budoff M. Triglycerides and Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in the Causal Pathway of Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Cardiol. 2016;118(1):138-45.
3. Yi SW, Park S, Lee YH, Park HJ, Balkau B, Yi JJ. Association between fasting glucose and all-cause mortality according to sex and age: a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):8194.
4. Aroor AR, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR. Utility of obesity and metabolic dyslipidemia (a non-insulin based determinate of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance) in predicting arterial stiffness. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2019;21(8):1071-4.
5. Lemieux I, Després J-P. Metabolic Syndrome: Past, Present and Future. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):3501.
6. Belete R, Ataro Z, Abdu A, Sheleme M. Global prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with type I diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome. 2021;13(1):25.
7. Schmitt A, Maurus I, Rossner MJ, Röh A, Lembeck M, von Wilmsdorff M, et al. Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Symptoms in Schizophrenia Include Decreased Mortality. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:690.
8. Liang M, Pan Y, Zhong T, Zeng Y, Cheng ASK. Effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise on metabolic syndrome parameters and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2021;22(4):1523-33.
9. Zhou Y, Wu W, Zou Y, Huang W, Lin S, Ye J, et al. Benefits of different combinations of aerobic and resistance exercise for improving plasma glucose and lipid metabolism and sleep quality among elderly patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Endocr J. 2022;69(7):819-30.
10. Makiel K, Suder A, Targosz A, Maciejczyk M, Haim A. Exercise-Induced Alternations of Adiponectin, Interleukin-8 and Indicators of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Males with Metabolic Syndrome. Biomolecules. 2023;13.
11. Lima GdN, Queiroz SL, Cruz PLd, Santos HLBAd, Cavalcanti CBdS, Vancea DMM, editors. Efeitos dos treinamentos aeróbio, resistido e combinado sobre a composição corporal de diabéticos tipo 22012.
12. Pagan BGM, Capelato DA. INFLUÊNCIA DE UM PROGRAMA PERSONALIZADO DE EXERCÍCIOS RESISTIDOS SOBRE A COMPOSIÇÃO DE INDIVÍDUOS ADULTOS. FIEP Bulletin On-line. 2012;82.
13. Ramos-Campo DJ, Andreu Caravaca L, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Rubio-Arias JÁ. Effects of Resistance Circuit-Based Training on Body Composition, Strength and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biology. 2021;10.
14. Delgado-Floody P, Soriano-Maldonado A, Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Latorre-Román P, Martínez-Salazar C, Vargas CA, et al. The Effects of Two Different Concurrent Training Configurations on Markers of Metabolic Syndrome and Fitness in Women With Severe/Morbid Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Front Physiol. 2021;12:694798.
