Comparative Analysis of Feeding Strategies on the Growth and Carcass Quality of Turki-Qashqai Lambs: A Focus on Supplementary Feed Concentration
الموضوعات :A. Ahmadpour 1 , S. Forouzanfar 2 , S. Ghazanfari 3 , R. Hafedh Sabeeh Alrahif 4 , M. Zarrin 5
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
5 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: carcass characteristics, concentrated feed, fattening lambs, feeding system, growth performance,
ملخص المقالة :
This study evaluated the effects of feedlot and pasture-based systems on Turki-Qashqai lambs across two distinct phases. The first phase assessed growth performance under intensive conditions using two diets: diet 1 (50% tropical forage, 50% commercial concentrate) and diet 2 (50% tropical forage, 25% corn grain, 25% soybean meal). The second phase compared carcass and meat quality between intensively-fed and pasture-raised lambs. Lambs were randomly assigned to diets with equal replication, and data were ana-lyzed using a completely randomized design with the SAS software package. The findings revealed no sig-nificant differences in feed intake between dietary treatments, but lambs fed diet 2 exhibited significantly higher daily weight gain (267 g/day) compared to those on diet 1 (189 g/day). At the end of the trial, diet 2 lambs also achieved a higher final live weight (33.83 kg) than diet 1 lambs (30.6 kg, P<0.05). Cold carcass weight was significantly greater in intensively-fed lambs compared to pasture-raised counterparts (P<0.05). Diets rich in concentrates produced carcasses with lower moisture content and higher levels of crude pro-tein, fat, and minerals. This contributed to meat that was more tender and darker in color compared to meat from pasture-raised lambs. These findings highlight the advantages of incorporating concentrated feeds into lamb diets to improve growth performance and carcass quality while enhancing meat tenderness and nutri-tional value. The results provide valuable insights for optimizing feeding strategies to maximize production efficiency in Turki-Qashqai lambs.
Abarghani A., Bojarpour M. and Fayazi J. (2010). The effect of replacement sugar beet pulp with barely on performance and carcass characteristics of Moghani male lambs. Iranian J. Anim. Sci. Res. 2(2), 125-132.
Ahmed-Salek S., Jáber Mohamad J.R., Navarro V., Gutiérrez Cabrera C.J. and Rodríguez Ventura M. (2021). Characteris-tics of Canary hair sheep (Pelibuey) lamb’s carcass fed with banana (Musa acuminate) by-products. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 11(1), 95-100.
Alemzadeh B., Kardooni A. and Nooroozy S. (2007). Determining suitable age and season of fattening in lambs of Khuzestan. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 77, 105-112.
AOAC. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. 18th Ed. Associa-tion of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Arjmand M., Kiani A., Azarfar A., Azizi A. and Fadayifar A. (2021). Effect of diet concentrate level and fattening period duration on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and rumen parameters in male Lori-Bakhtiari lambs. Anim. Prod. Res. 10(1), 51-63.
Asadi M., Toghdory A., Ghoorchi T. and Kargar S. (2024). The effects of diet concentrate and mineral buffer types on fatten-ing lambs performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabo-lites, rumen fermentation, and carcass traits. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 14(2), 215-225.
Babker I.A., Mukhtar A.M.S. and El Khidir O.A. (2009). Feedlot performance of Baggara bulls fed pelleted and unpelleted ba-gasse based diets. Pakistan J. Nutr. 8, 384-387.
Bauché M., Drouilhet L. and Moutou M. (2021). Nutritional regu-lation of muscle growth in lambs: The role of growth hor-mones and signaling pathways. Animal. 15(5), 100353-100362.
Brand T.S., Van der Westhuizen E.J., Van der Merwe D.A. and Hoffman L.C. (2017). Effect of days in feedlot on growth per-formance and carcass characteristics of Merino, South African Mutton Merino and Dorper lambs. South African J. Anim. Sci. 47(1), 26-33.
Burke J.M. and Apple J.K. (2007). Growth performance and car-cass traits of forage-fed hair sheep wethers. Small Rumin. Re-s. 67(2), 264-270.
Dadpasand M. and EizadiFard J. (2009). Effect of Fattening Sea-son and Period on Feedlot Performance of Ghezel and Mehra-ban Lambs. Iranian J. Anim. Sci. 40(3), 65-71.
De Carvalho G.G.P., Rebouças R.A., Campos F.S., Santos E.M., Araújo G.G.L., Gois G.C., de Oliveira J.S., Oliveira R.L., de A. Rufino L.M., Azevedo J.A.G. and Cirne L.G.A. (2017). In-take, digestibility, performance, and feeding behavior of lambs fed diets containing silages of different tropical forage spe-cies. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 228, 140-148.
Eilami B. (2004). Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Torky-Ghashghaee male and female lambs in different fat-tening periods (with pellet feeding). Pp.160-162 in Proc. 1st Congr. Anim. Aquatic Sci., the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Esenbuga N., Yanar M. and Dayioglu H. (2001). Physical, chemi-cal and organoleptic properties of ram lamb carcasses from four fat-tailed genotypes. Small Rumin. Res. 39(2), 99-105.
Farzad A.R., Ardalandoost A.A. and Ashrafizadeh G.R. (2004). Effect of fattening period on the carcass quantity and quality of Karakul lambs. Pp. 166-168. in Proc. 1st Congr. Anim. Aquatic Sci., the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Fitzhugh H.A., Vavra M. and Smith G. (2021). Genetic influences on the growth and development of sheep under intensive feed-ing systems. Livest. Sci. 243, 104264-104272.
Ge Y., Zhang D., Zhang H., Li X., Fang F., Liang C. and Wang Z. (2021). Effect of postmortem phases on lamb meat quality: A physicochemical, microstructural and water mobility ap-proach. Food Sci. Anim. Res. 41(5), 802-811.
Geesink G., Sujang S. and Koohmaraie M. (2011). Tenderness of pre-and post rigor lamb longissimus muscle. Meat Sci. 88(4), 723-726.
Germano C.R., Vieira da Silva N., Sérgio de Azevedo P., Nunes de Medeiros A., Ramos de Carvalho F.F., Ramos do Egypto Queiroga y C.R. and Rodrigues de Medeiros G. (2011). Meat quality of lambs fed silk flower hay (Calotropis procera SW) in the diet. R. Bras. Zootec. 40, 1266-1271.
Ghorbani K., Payameni K., Yarahamdi B. and Agha-Shahi A. (2022). Assessing the effect of drought on livestock and aquatic industry in Lorestan province and ways to deal with it. Livest. Sci. Tech. 11(43), 25-32.
Goering H.K. and Van Soest P.J. (1970). Forage Fiber Analyses Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures, and some Applications. USDA-ARS Agricultural Handbook.
Hernández F., García F. and López R. (2021). The effect of die-tary fatty acid composition on the growth performance and meat quality of lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 199, 106303-106313.
Imam-Jomeh N., Khaldari M. and Afzalzadeh A. (2007). Effect of
fattening period on growth, carcass characteristics and eco-nomic efficiency of Chaal breed male lambs. J. Vet. Res. 62(1), 33-38.
Iran Metrological Organization. (2022) Meteorological Yearbook of the Country, 1399-1400. Iran Metrological Organization Press, Tehran, Iran.
Karami M. and Bagheri M. (2020). Comparison of feedlot per-formance and carcass characteristics of Lori-Bakhtiari and Romanov×Lori-Bakhtiari crossbreed lambs. Anim. Prod. 22(4), 689-695.
Karami M. and Talebi M.A. (2004). Effect of weaning period on carcass characteristics of Lori- Bakhtiari lambs. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 77, 21-29.
Khan M.A., Bach A., Weary D.M. and Von Keyserlingk M.A.G. (2016). Invited review: Transitioning from milk to solid feed in dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 99(2), 885-902.
Kim Y.H.B., Luc G. and Rosenvold K. (2013). Pre rigor process-ing, ageing and freezing on tenderness and colour stability of lamb loins. Meat Sci. 95(2), 412-418.
Lins-Lima N.L., Resende de Freites Ribeiro C., Menezes de Sá H.C., Júnior I.L., Lima Cavalcanti L.F., Valadares Santana R.A., Furusho-Garcia y I.F. and Garcia Pereira I. (2017). Eco-nomic analysis, performance, and feed efficiency in feedlot lambs. R. Bras. Zootec. 46(10), 821-829.
Macías-Cruz U., Álvarez-Valenzuela F.D., Rodríguez-García J., Correa-Calderón A., Torrentera-Olivera N.G., Molina-Ramírez L. and Avendaño-Reyes L. (2010). Crecimiento y características de canal en corderos Pelibuey puros y cruzados F1 con razas Dorper y Katahdin en confinamiento. Arch. Med. Vet. 42(3), 147-154.
Malveira-Batista A.S., Germano Costa R., Dos Santos Garruti D., Suely Madruga M., Ramos do Egypto Queiroga y R.C. and Teodorico de Araújo Filho J. (2010). Effect of energy concen-tration in the diets on sensorial and chemical parameters of Morada Nova, Santa Inez and Santa Inez x Dorper lamb meat. R. Bras. Zootec. 39, 2017-2023.
MiniScan X.E. User's Guide. (2006). Firmware Versions 6.40 and Above, Manual Version 2.4. A60-1010-352.
Mirdehghan S.H. and Rahemi M. (2007). Seasonal changes of mineral nutrients and phenolics in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit. Sci. Hortic. 111(2), 120-127.
Mofidi-Chelan M., Motamedi J., Alijanpour A., Fayaz M. and Mohseni A. (2018). Economic analysis of production and technical efficiency of industrial animal husbandry units and traditional animal husbandry systems dependent on pastures in Maragheh city, East Azerbaijan. Pasture. 12(4), 481-492.
Nourollahi H. (2007). Effect of fattening period on growth and carcass characteristics of maleTurkey-Ghashghaee lambs. Pa-jouhesh and Sazandegi. 75, 132-137.
NRC. (2007). Nutrient Requirements: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
Oliveira P.B., Lima P.M.T., Campeche A., Mendonça S., Laviola B.G., McManus C. and Louvandini H. (2013). Growth and carcass characteristics of Santa Inês lambs fed diet supple-mented with physic nut meal free of phorbol ester. Small Ru-min. Res. 114(1), 20-25.
Papi N. and Tehrani A. (2017). Effects of dietary concentrate lev-els on growth performance, feed intake and carcass character-istics of fattening Chall male lambs. J. Rumin. Res. 2, 55-57.
Papi N. and Zahedifar M. (2024). Effects of slaughter weight on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of Afshari male lambs. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 14(2), 227-235.
Porter J.C., Warner R.G. and Kertz A.L. (2007). Effect of fiber level and physical form of starter on growth and development of dairy calves fed no forage. Anim. Sci. 23, 395-400.
Prache S., Schreurs N. and Guillier L. (2022). Factors affecting sheep carcass and meat quality attributes. Animal. 16, 100330-100339.
Rodríguez-Carías A.A., González y E.E. and Randel P.F. (2014). Performance and meat carcass characteristics of locally slaughtered sheep and goat raised by grazing native tropical grasses with or without supplementation. J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico. 98(2), 129-146.
Safari E., Hopkins D.L. and Fogarty N.M. (2001). Diverse lamb genotypes 4. Predicting the yield of saleable meat and high value trimmed cuts from carcass measurements. Meat Sci. 58(2), 207-214.
SAS Institute. (2013). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.4. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Savell J.W., Mueller S.L. and Baird B.E. (2005). The chilling of carcasses. Meat Sci. 70(3), 449-459.
Sayed A.B.N. (2009). Effect of different dietary energy levels on the performance and nutrient digestibility of lambs. Vet. World. 2(11), 418-420.
Simeonov M.S. and Harmon D.L. (2021). Effects of nutritional systems on early weaned lambs. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 11(1), 111-116.
Smeti S., Hajji H., Mekki I., Mahouachi M. and Atti N. (2018). Effects of dose and administration form of rosemary essential oils on meat quality and fatty acid profile of lamb. Small Ru-min. Res. 158, 62-68.
Sousa W.H.D., Cartaxo F.Q., Costa R.G., Cezar M.F., Cunha M.D.G.G., Pereira Filho J.M. and Santos N.M.D. (2012). Bio-logical and economic performance of feedlot lambs feeding on diets with different energy densities. R. Bras. Zootec. 41, 1285-1291.
Suárez-Rodríguez J. (2019). Efecto del sistema de alimentación sobre parámetros productivos y fisiológicos de corderos criados en estrés por calor. MS Thesis. University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez, Spanish.
Warner R., Miller R., Ha M., Wheeler T.L., Dunshea F., Li X., Vaskoska R., Purslow P. and Wheeler T. (2021). Meat tender-ness: Underlying mechanisms, instrumental measurement, and sensory assessment. Meat Muscle Biol. 4(2), 1-25.
Zaheri Khosroshahi H., Nejati-Javaremi A., Nomi S., Dehnad A. and Radmand S. (2007). Economic evaluation of the best pe-riod of fattening Ghezel lambs. Pp. 21-24 in Proc. 2nd Congr. Anim. Aquatic Sci., Karaj, Iran.
