مشروعیت توسل به زور در دفاع مشروع علیه بازیگران غیر دولتی و تأثیر آن بر حقوق دولت میزبان
الموضوعات : تحقیقات حقوقی بین المللی
صفیه اعتماد
1
,
پیمان بلوری
2
,
مالک ذوالقدر
3
1 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زنجان
2 - استاد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زنجان
3 - استادیار دانشگاه سمنان
الکلمات المفتاحية: دفاع مشروع, بازیگران غیردولتی, توسل به زور, دولت میزبان, حمله مسلحانه,
ملخص المقالة :
حق دفاع مشروع در برابر بازیگران غیردولتی به تدریج جایگاه بیشتری در رویه دولتها پیدا کرده و مورد پذیرش قرار گرفته است. اما پذیرش این حق با چالشی اساسی مواجه است. اینکه چرا استفاده از نیروی دفاعی در قلمرو دولت دیگر، حق حاکمیت سرزمینی آن را نقض نمیکند در عمل، دولت هایی که به دفاع مشروع علیه بازیگران غیردولتی استناد می کنند، معمولا دخالت دولت میزبان در همکاری با این بازیگران را مبنای توجیه اقدام خود قرار می دهند با این حال، از منظرحقوقی، مشخص نیست که چگونه می توان این دخالت را به عنوان مبنایی برای توجیه قانونی تلقی کرد. برخی این دخالت را معادل انتساب می دانند. برخی دیگر آن را به معنای همدستی تعبیر می کنند. در مقابل گروهی نیز این دخالت را به منزله نقض تعهد دولت میزبان در حفاظت از حقوق سایر کشورها در قلمرو خود قلمداد می کنند. هر یک از این دیدگاه ها با چالش هایی همراه است و تاکنون نتوانسته اند حمایت گسترده ای را جلب کنند. این مقاله به بررسی امکان ارائه راه حلی متفاوت و کمتر مورد توجه می پردازد، اینکه دفاع مشروع به عنوان شرایطی که موجب رفع وصف تخلف می شود. اگرچه این راه حل نیز کامل به نظر نمی رسد و حقوق بین الملل در این زمینه هنوز ابهاماتی دارند، اما می تواند چارچوب منطقی مناسبتری برای توسعه مفهوم، دفاع مشروع در برابر بازیگران غیردولتی ارائه دهد.
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Abdollahi, Mohsen, Behzadi, Kivan, (2020) "The Obstacles to the Peremptory Nature of the Prohibition on the Use of Force", International Legal Journal, Vol. 37, Fall and Winter, No. 63. [In Persian]
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Momtaz, Jamshid, Collection of Articles on: The International Court of Justice's Judgment in the Case of the Oil Platforms, (Tehran: Islamic Parliament Research Center, 2005). [In Persian]
