پدیده جامعه شناختی کودک همسری زنان از منظر فقه و حقوق موضوعه
نجمه دهقان منشادی
1
(
فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی نجف آباد، ایران
)
مسعود راعی
2
(
فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی نجف آباد، ایران
)
احمد رضا توکلی
3
(
فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی نجف آباد، ایران
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: کودک, کودک همسری, فقه, حقوق موضوعه,
ملخص المقالة :
مقدمه: آن چه در فقه اسلامی در مورد پدیده جامعه شناختی کودک همسری زنان مورد پذیرش قرار گرفته، رعایت غبطه و مصلحت کودک است؛ چنان چه اگر رعایت غبطه و مصلحت کودک نشده باشد و کودک، پسر باشد؛ مشهور فقها اجماع در حق فسخ دارند و اگر کودک، دختر باشد اکثر فقها، مصلحت دختر را در این دیده اند که ازدواج همچنان برقرار باشد و دختر، حق فسخ ندارد. البته افضاء در کودک همسری زنان نیز موضوعی است که باید رعایت شود و اگر فقه اسلامی، کودک همسری زنان را پذیرفته، آن را تحت شرایطی که در آن، وضعیت کودک باید رعایت شود؛ پذیرفته است.
روش: بر اساس هدف تحقیق، تحقیق حاضر تحقیقی است کاربردی که در آن به توسعه دانش کاربردی در یک زمینه خاص پرداخته می شود. بر اساس ماهیت و روش تحقیق، این تحقیق ماهیتاً کتابخانه‌ای از نوع توصیفی محض است.
یافته‌ها: هر چند در قرآن کریم در ارتباط با ازدواج کودکان و کودک همسری زنان، هیچ آیه روشن و صریحی وجود ندارد و در کتب فقهی، روایات متعددی در باب ازدواج با صغیره بیان شده است ولی باید اذعان داشت که احکام نکاح بر عرف، مبتنی است و در اثر تغییر در شرایط فرهنگی و اجتماعی می تواند تغییر پیدا کند.
نتیجه گیری: با استعانت از فتوای آیت الله ناصر مکارم شیرازی در پاسخ به استفتاء عضو هیات رئیسه کمیسیون فرهنگی مجلس شورای اسلامی، جهت حمایت از حقوق دختران نابالغ و به منظور کاهش نرخ بالای پدیده جامعه شناختی کودک همسری زنان در ایران، پیشنهاد می شود ضمن نظارت بیشتر بر اجرای قوانین موجود کشور در خصوص ازدواج با کودکان، ماده اصلاحی 1041 قانون مدنی مصوب 1381، با توجه به تغییرات صورت گرفته در شرایط اجتماعی و فرهنگی کشور، مجددا مورد بازنگری قرار گیرد.
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