طراحی فوتوکاتالیستهای چندمنظوره با g-C₃N₄ و کاربردهای آن در فناوری‌های پایدار
الموضوعات :زهرا محمدپور کوسه لر 1 , زهره قاضی طباطبایی 2
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه شیمی، واحد اهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهر، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه شیمی، واحد اهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهر، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: نیترید کربن گرافیتی, فوتوکاتالیست ناهمگن, فناوری‌های پایدار, طراحی فوتوکاتالیست ,
ملخص المقالة :
فوتوکاتالیستهای ناهمگن در تبدیل و ذخیره انرژی، در سوخت‌های خورشیدی پایدار و سبز و همچنین در بسیاری از حوزه‌های زیست‌محیطی به‌عنوان یک فناوری نوین به‌کار می‌روند. فوتوکاتالیستهای نیترید کربن گرافیتی (g-C3N4) به دلیل ویژگیهای فیزیکوشیمیایی، نوری و الکتریکی منحصر به فرد خود، طیف خاصی از فوتوکاتالیستهای ناهمگن را تشکیل میدهند. در این مطالعه، مکانیسم‌های اصلی این فوتوکاتالیست‌ها، مزایا، چالش‌ها و طراحی فوتوکاتالیستهای مبتنی بر g-C3N4 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین، خواص ساختاری، ویژگیهای فیزیکوشیمیایی سطح، پایداری سطح، همچنین خواص الکتروشیمیایی، فوتوالکتروشیمیایی و نوری آنها به تفصیل بررسی شد. همچنین، کاربردهای مهمی نظیر تخریب آلایندهها، کاهش دی‌اکسید کربن، برخی تبدیلات آلی و گندزدایی نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفت. با توجه به پیشرفت‌های برجسته این حوزه، انتظار می‌رود که فرصت‌های جدیدی برای طراحی و ساخت فوتوکاتالیستهای موثر مبتنی بر g-C3N4 برای کاربردهای مختلف فراهم شود.
المصادر:
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[2] Bard, A.J., 1979, Photoelectrochemistry and heterogeneous photo-catalysis at semiconductors, Journal of Photochemistry, 10, 59.
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[1] Fujishima, A, Honda, K., 1972, Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode, Nature, 238, 37.
[2] Bard, A.J., 1979, Photoelectrochemistry and heterogeneous photo-catalysis at semiconductors, Journal of Photochemistry, 10, 59.
[3] Kato, H., Hori, M., Konta, R., Shimodaira, Y., Kudo, A., 2004, Construction of Z-scheme type heterogeneous photocatalysis systems for water splitting into H2 and O2 under visible light irradiation, Chemistry Letters, 33, 1348.
[4] Wang, C.-C., Li, J.-R., Lv, X.-L., Zhang, Y.-Q., Guo, G., 2014, Photocatalytic organic pollutants degradation in metal-organic frameworks, Energy & Environmental Science, 7, 2831.
[5] Li, X., Wen, J., Low, J., Fang, Y., Yu, J., 2014, Design and fabrication of semiconductor photocatalyst for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to solar fuel, Science China Materials, 57, 70.
[6] Lang, X., Chen, X., Zhao, J., 2014, Heterogeneous visible light photocatalysis for selective organic transformations, Chemical Society Reviews, 43, 473.
[7] Masih, D., Ma, Y,. Rohani, S., 2017, Graphitic C3N4 based noble-metal-free photocatalyst systems: A review, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 206, 556.
[8] Patnaik, S., Sahoo, D.P., Parida, K., 2018, An overview on Ag modified g-C3N4 based nanostructured materials for energy and environmental applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 1297.
[9] Ran, J., Gao, G., Li, F.-T., Ma, T.-Y., Du, A., Qiao, S.-Z., 2017, Ti3C2 MXene co-catalyst on metal sulfide photo-absorbers for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production, Nature Communications, 8, 13907.
[10] Kumar, S., Karthikeyan, S., Lee, A.F., 2018, g-C3N4-based nanomaterials for visible light-driven photocatalysis, Catalysts, 8, 74.
[11] Chen, F., Yang, H., Wang, X., Yu, H., 2017, Facile synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic H2-evolution performance of NiS2-modified g-C3N4 photocatalysts, Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 38, 296.
[12] Cao, S., Huang, Q., Zhu, B., Yu, J., 2017, Trace-level phosphorus and sodium co-doping of g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic H2 production, Journal of Power Sources, 351, 151.
[13] Gomari, K.A., Hafeez, H.Y., Mohammed, J., Dankawu, U.M., Ndikilar, C.E., Suleiman, A.B., 2024, A recent development and future prospect of g–C3N4–based photocatalyst for stable hydrogen (H2) generation via photocatalytic water-splitting, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 85, 598.
[14] Hao, P., Chen, Z., Yan, Y., Shi, W., Guo, F., 2024, Recent advances, application and prospect in g-C3N4-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts, Separation and Purification Technology, 330, 125302.
[15] Li, Y., Zhou, M., Cheng, B., Shao, Y., 2020, Recent advances in g-C3N4-based heterojunction photocatalysts, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 56, 1.
[16] Yang, X., Ye, Y., Sun, J., Li, Z., Ping, J., Sun, X., 2022, Recent advances in g-C3N4‐based photocatalysts for pollutant degradation and bacterial disinfection: Design strategies, mechanisms, and applications, Small, 18, 2105089.
[17] Xing, J., Wang, N., Li, X., Wang, J., Taiwaikuli, M., Huang, X., Wang, T., Zhou, L. Hao, H., 2022, Synthesis and modifications of g-C3N4-based materials and their applications in wastewater pollutants removal, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 10, 108782.
[18] Sohail, M., Anwar, U., Taha, T.A., Qazi, H.I.A., Al-Sehemi, A.G., Ullah, S., Algarni, H., Ahmed, I.M., Amin, M.A., Palamanit, A. Iqbal, W., Alharthi, S., Nawawi, W.I., Ajmal, Z., Ali, H., Hayat, A., 2022, Nanostructured materials based on g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic activity and potentials application: A review, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15, 104070.
[19] Yan, Y., Meng, Q., Tian, L., Cai, Y., Zhang, Y. Chen, Y., 2024, Engineering of g-C3N4 for photocatalytic hydrogen production: A review, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25, 8842.
[20] Ismael, M., 2020, A review on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) based nanocomposites: Synthesis, categories, and their application in photocatalysis, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 846, 156446.
[21] He, F., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Peng, S., Liu, B., 2020, The nonmetal modulation of composition and morphology of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 269, 118828.
[22] Hayat, A., Sohail, M., El Jery, A., Al‐Zaydi, K.M., Alshammari, K.F., Khan, J., Ali, H., Ajmal, Z., Taha, T.A., Ud Din, I., Altamimi, R., Hussein, M.A., Al-Hadeethi, Y., Orooji, Y., Ansari, M.Z., 2023, Different dimensionalities, morphological advancements and engineering of g-C3N4‐based nanomaterials for energy conversion and storage, The Chemical Record, 23, e202200171.
[23] Song, B., Zeng, Z., Zeng, G., Gong, J., Xiao, R., Ye, S., Chen, M., Lai, C., Xu, P., Tang, X., 2019, Powerful combination of g-C3N4 and LDHs for enhanced photocatalytic performance: A review of strategy, synthesis, and applications, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 272, 101999.
[24] Wudil, Y.S., Ahmad, U.F., Gondal, M.A., Al-Osta, M.A., Almohammedi, A., Sa'id, R.S., Hrahsheh, F., Haruna, K., Mohamed, M.J.S., 2023, Tuning of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for photocatalysis: A critical review, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 16, 104542.
[25] Wang, J., Wang, S., 2022, A critical review on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based materials: Preparation, modification and environmental application, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 453, 214338.
[26] Li, Y., Gu, M., Zhang, X., Fan, J., Lv, K., Carabineiro, S.A.C., Dong, F., 2020, 2D g-C3N4 for advancement of photo-generated carrier dynamics: Status and challenges, Materials Today, 41, 270.
[27] Huang, H., Jiang, L., Yang, J., Zhou, S., Yuan, X., Liang, J., Wang, H., Wang, H., Bu, Y., Li, H., 2023, Synthesis and modification of ultrathin g-C3N4 for photocatalytic energy and environmental applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 173, 113110.
[28] Khan, M.A., Mutahir, S., Shaheen, I., Qunhui, Y., Bououdina, M., Humayun, M., 2025, Recent advances over the doped g-C3N4 in photocatalysis: A review, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 522, 216227.
[29] Gorai, D.K., Kuila, S.K., Kumar, A., Ahmad, M.I., Kundu, T.K., 2023, Insight into the effect of Li/P co-doping on the electronic structure and photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 by the first principle, Applied Surface Science, 623, 157031.
[30] Liu, X., Kang, W., Zeng, W., Zhang, Y., Qi, L., Ling, F., Fang, L., Chen, Q., Zhou, M., 2020, Structural, electronic and photocatalytic properties of g-C3N4 with intrinsic defects: A first-principles hybrid functional investigation, Applied Surface Science, 499, 143994.
[31] Liu, J., Cheng, B., 2018, New understanding of photocatalytic properties of zigzag and armchair g-C3N4 nanotubes from electronic structures and carrier effective mass, Applied Surface Science, 430, 348.
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