بررسی نقش میانجی طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار اولیه در ارتباط میان سبک‌های دلبستگی با فرسودگی زناشویی در زوج‌های مراجعه‌کننده به کلینیک‌های مشاوره شهر تهران

الموضوعات :

سلیمه دارمی ¹ , محسن منصوبی فر ² , ناهید هواسی سومار ³ , شهره شکرزاده ⁴ , آرزو تاری مرادی ⁵

1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روانشناسی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران، [e-mail]
2 - استادیار، گروه روان ¬شناسی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
3 - (نویسنده مسئول): استادیار گروه روانشناسی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران پست الکترونیکی: ‌ [e-mail] ؛ شماره تماس: [phone]
4 - استادیار گروه روانشناسی، واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
5 - استادیار گروه روانشناسی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

تاريخ الإرسال : 16 الخميس , ربيع الأول, 1446 تاريخ التأكيد : 24 الأحد , ربيع الثاني, 1446 تاريخ الإصدار : 18 الجمعة , ذو القعدة, 1446

الکلمات المفتاحية: دلبستگی, سبک‌های دلبستگی, طرح‌واره‌, طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار, فرسودگی زناشویی,

ملخص المقالة :

چکیده

مقدمه: هدف پژوهش حاضر، تعیین نقش میانجی طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار اولیه در ارتباط میان سبک‌های دلبستگی با فرسودگی زناشویی در زوج‌های مراجعه‌کننده به کلینیک‌های مشاوره شهر تهران بود.

روش پژوهش: روش پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه‌ پژوهش شامل تمامی زوجین مراجعه‌کننده به کلینیک‌های روانشناسی و مشاوره منطقه شش و هفت شهر تهران در سال 1400-1402 بودند. حجم نمونه با توجه به فرمول کوکران برابر با 186 زوج (186 مرد و 186 زن) نفر بود که به‌صورت هدفمند دردسترس از مرکز مشاوره رها، مرکز مشاوره مهر تابان، مرکز مشاوره اکنون، مرکز مشاوره روان‌نما انتخاب شده‌اند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از مقیاس فرسودگی زناشویی پاینز، دلبستگی کولینز و رید و پرسشنامه طرح‌واره یانگ (YSQ-SF) استفاده شد. از آزمون ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چندمتغیری با روش ورود همزمان و الگویابی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد و نتایج با نرم‌افزار SPSS_28 و Amos_26، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد، سبک‌های دلبستگی هم به‌صورت مستقیم و هم با میانجی‌گری طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه با فرسودگی زناشویی زوجین رابطه دارد (05/0>p).

نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش می‌توان گفت، طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار اولیه در ارتباط میان سبک‌های دلبستگی با فرسودگی زناشویی در زوج‌های مراجعه‌کننده به کلینیک‌های مشاوره شهر تهران نقش میانجی ایفا می‌کند.

المصادر:

1. Samadi P, Alipour Z, Salehi K, Kohan S, Hashemi M. The Keys to a Good and Lasting Marriage: An Exploration of Iranian Couples' Experiences. J Educ Health Promot. 2021 Dec 31; 10:474. Doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1438_20. PMID: 35233421; PMCID: PMC8826870.
2. Marphatia AA, Saville NM, Manandhar DS, Cortina-Borja M, Wells JCK. Where have I got to? Associations between age at marriage and marital household assets among educated and uneducated women in lowland Nepal. PeerJ. 2024 Aug 7;12: e17671. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17671. PMID: 39131621; PMCID: PMC11316463.
3. Drabble LA, Wootton AR, Veldhuis CB, Riggle EDB, Rostosky SS, Lannutti PJ, Balsam KF, Hughes TL. Perceived psychosocial impacts of legalized same-sex marriage: A scoping review of sexual minority adults' experiences. PLoS One. 2021 May 6;16(5): e0249125. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249125. PMID: 33956825; PMCID: PMC8101749.
4. Fan S, Koski A. The health consequences of child marriage: a systematic review of the evidence. BMC Public Health. 2022 Feb 14;22(1):309. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-12707-x. PMID: 35164724; PMCID: PMC8845223.
5. Wells JCK. An Evolutionary Model of "Sexual Conflict" Over Women's Age at Marriage: Implications for Child Mortality and Undernutrition. Front Public Health. 2022 Jun 17; 10:653433. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.653433. PMID: 35784199; PMCID: PMC9247288.
6. Pru M, Brown CM, Singh RS. Cost of mate choice: Changing patterns of global age disparity in marriage and their consequences to women's health, including maternal mortality and menopause. Women's Health (Lond). 2024 Jan-Dec; 20:17455057241264687. doi: 10.1177/17455057241264687. PMID: 39066558; PMCID: PMC11282549.
7. Abera M, Nega A, Tefera Y, Gelagay AA. Early marriage and women's empowerment: the case of child-brides in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2020 Dec 14;20(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s12914-020-00249-5. PMID: 33317540; PMCID: PMC7734808.
8. Pourtaheri A, Sany SBT, Aghaee MA, Ahangari H, Peyman N. Prevalence and factors associated with child marriage, a systematic review. BMC Women's Health. 2023 Oct 10; 23(1): 531. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02634-3. PMID: 37817117; PMCID: PMC10565969. 9. Gausman J, Kim R, Kumar A, Ravi S, Subramanian SV. Prevalence of girl and boy child marriage across states and Union Territories in India, 1993-2021: a repeated cross-sectional study. Lancet Glob Health. 2024 Feb;12(2): e271-e281. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00470-9. Epub 2023 Dec 15. PMID: 38109909; PMCID: PMC10805006.
10. Raymo JM, Park H. Marriage Decline in Korea: Changing Composition of the Domestic Marriage Market and Growth in International Marriage. Demography. 2020 Feb;57(1):171-194. doi: 10.1007/s13524-019-00844-9. PMID: 31919807; PMCID: PMC7382948.
11. Kok MC, Kakal T, Kassegne AB, Hidayana IM, Munthali A, Menon JA, Pires P, Gitau T, van der Kwaak A. Drivers of child marriage in specific settings of Ethiopia, Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia - findings from the Yes, I Do! baseline study. BMC Public Health. 2023 Apr 28;23(1):794. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15697-6. PMID: 37118688; PMCID: PMC10141833. 12. Melnikas AJ, Mulauzi N, Mkandawire J, Amin S. Perceptions of minimum age at marriage laws and their enforcement: qualitative evidence from Malawi. BMC Public Health. 2021 Jul 8;21(1):1350. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11434-z. PMID: 34238261; PMCID: PMC8268505. 13. Influence of Marriage upon Health. Bistoury. 1875 Jan;10(4):308. PMID: 37053881; PMCID: PMC9492180. 14. Billah MA, Khan MMA, Hanifi SMA, Islam MM, Khan MN. Spatial pattern and influential factors for early marriage: evidence from Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey 2017-18 data. BMC Womens Health. 2023 Jun 20;23(1):320. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02469-y. PMID: 37340425; PMCID: PMC10283256. 15. Manalel JA, Birditt KS, Orbuch TL, Antonucci TC. Beyond destructive conflict: Implications of marital tension for marital well-being. J Fam Psychol. 2019 Aug;33(5):597-606. doi: 10.1037/fam0000512. Epub 2019 Feb 14. PMID: 30762408; PMCID: PMC6663571. 16. Rigby RA, Cobb RJ. Positive illusions about dyadic perspective-taking as a moderator of the association between attachment insecurity and marital satisfaction. J Soc Pers Relat. 2023 Apr;40(4):1223-1249. doi: 10.1177/02654075221127241. Epub 2022 Sep 16. PMID: 37122443; PMCID: PMC10126462. 17. Bi S, Haak EA, Gilbert LR, El-Sheikh M, Keller PS. Father attachment, father emotion expression, and children's attachment to fathers: The role of marital conflict. J Fam Psychol. 2018 Jun;32(4):456-465. doi: 10.1037/fam0000395. PMID: 29878811; PMCID: PMC5995134. 18. Huang CY, Sirikantraporn S, Pichayayothin NB, Turner-Cobb JM. Parental Attachment, Adult-Child Romantic Attachment, and Marital Satisfaction: An Examination of Cultural Context in Taiwanese and Thai Heterosexual Couples. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 21;17(3):692. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030692. PMID: 31973100; PMCID: PMC7036989. 19. Lavner JA, Weiss B, Miller JD, Karney BR. Personality change among newlyweds: Patterns, predictors, and associations with marital satisfaction over time. Dev Psychol. 2018 Jun; 54(6): 1172-1185. doi: 10.1037/dev0000491. Epub 2017 Dec 18. PMID: 29251970; PMCID: PMC5962362. 20. Li L, Huang X, Xiao J, Zheng Q, Shan X, He C, Liao W, Chen H, Menon V, Duan X. Neural synchronization predicts marital satisfaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Aug 23;119(34): e2202515119. Doi: 10.1073/pnas.2202515119. Epub 2022 Aug 18. PMID: 35981139; PMCID: PMC9407484. 21. Hynek KA, Abebe DS, Liefbroer AC, Hauge LJ, Straiton ML. The association between early marriage and mental disorder among young migrant and non-migrant women: a Norwegian register-based study. BMC Women's Health. 2022 Jun 27;22(1):258. doi: 10.1186/s12905-022-01836-5. PMID: 35761261; PMCID: PMC9237981. 22. Mikulincer M, Florian V, Cowan PA, Cowan CP. Attachment Security in Couple Relationships: A Systemic Model and Its Implications for Family Dynamics. Fam Process. 2002 Fall;41(3):405-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2002.41309. x. PMID: 12395567. 23. Birditt KS, Wan WH, Orbuch TL, Antonucci TC. The development of marital tension: Implications for divorce among married couples. Dev Psychol. 2017 Oct;53(10):1995-2006. doi: 10.1037/dev0000379. Epub 2017 Aug 14. PMID: 28805435; PMCID: PMC5644348. 24. Hazan C, Shaver P. Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1987; 52(3), 511–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511. 25. Ainsworth, Mary D. Salter, et al. Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Psychology Press, 2015. 26. Monin JK, Goktas SO, Kershaw T, DeWan A. Associations between spouses' oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism, attachment security, and marital satisfaction. PLoS One. 2019 Feb 28;14(2):e0213083. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213083. PMID: 30818381; PMCID: PMC6395040. 27. Huntington C, Stanley SM, Doss BD, Rhoades GK. Happy, healthy, and wedded? How the transition to marriage affects mental and physical health. J Fam Psychol. 2022 Jun;36(4):608-617. doi: 10.1037/fam0000913. Epub 2021 Sep 2. PMID: 34472934; PMCID: PMC8888778. 28. Huntington C, Stanley SM, Doss BD, Rhoades GK. Happy, healthy, and wedded? How the transition to marriage affects mental and physical health. J Fam Psychol. 2022 Jun;36(4):608-617. doi: 10.1037/fam0000913. Epub 2021 Sep 2. PMID: 34472934; PMCID: PMC8888778. 29. Chauhan S, Sekher TV. Early marriage and marital satisfaction among young married men in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. BMC Res Notes. 2023 Jan 27;16(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s13104-023-06271-9. PMID: 36707850; PMCID: PMC9881292. 30. Pan T, Chen D, Yu Z, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zhang A, Kong F. Analysis of current situation and influencing factors of marital adjustment in patients with Crohn's disease and their spouses. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Mar 15;103(11): e37527. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037527. PMID: 38489689; PMCID: PMC10939668. 31. Makhanova A, McNulty JK, Eckel LA, Nikonova L, Bartz JA, Hammock EAD. CD38 is associated with bonding-relevant cognitions and relationship satisfaction over the first 3 years of marriage. Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 3;11(1):2965. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82307-z. PMID: 33536489; PMCID: PMC7859203. 32. Sarkhabi Abdolmaleki M., Dokanei Fard F, Behbodi M. Providing a Model for Predicting Couples' Emotional Divorce Based on Metacognitive Beliefs and Emotional Regulation Strategies Mediated by Marital Burnout in Married Women. Journal of Applied Family Therapy, 2021; 2(2): 1-28. doi: 10.22034/aftj.2021.276753.1059. 33. Garavand H. The Mediating Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas in the Relationship between Attachment Styles with Corona Anxiety. Applied Psychology, 2022; 16(1): 181-161. doi: 10.52547/apsy 2021.223946.1165. 34. Ebrahimi Z., Makvand Hoseini S., Tabatabaee SM. Prediction of Generalized Anxiety Disorder based on Attachment Styles by Mediating Early Maladaptive Schemas in Adolescents. Psychological Achievements, 2023; 30(2): 121-138. doi: 10.22055/psy.. 2022.38248.2731. 35. Rahiman R., Qamari M., Babakhani V., Jafari A. Modeling the structural relationship between personality dimensions and attachment styles with communication skills and marital conflicts with the mediation of primary maladaptive schemas in couples facing divorce, Journal of Applied Family Therapy. 2023; 4(5):251-265. doi: 10.22034/aftj 2023.393484.2014. 36. Fan Z, Wu H, Tao M, Chen L. Relationship between Chinese middle-aged and old couples' Confucian coping thinking and marital quality. Front Public Health. 2022 Sep 23; 10:956214. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.956214. PMID: 36211692; PMCID: PMC9537638. 37. Bach B, Lockwood G, Young JE. A new look at the schema therapy model: organization and role of early maladaptive schemas. Cognitive behavior therapy. 2018; 47(4), 328-349. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2017.141056. 38. Ghiasi M, Molavi M, Neshatdost H, Salavati M. The Factor Structure of the Farsi Version of Young Schema Questionnaire-S3 in Two Groups in Tehran, Psychological Achievement. 2011; 18(1), pp. 93-118. https://psychac.scu.ac.ir/article_11692.html. 39. Collins NL, Read SJ. Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1990; 58(4): 644–663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.644. 40. Qelich Beiki A, pakdaman M, karashki H. (2021). Inquiry into dysfunctional motivational beliefs based on data foundation theory. Journal of Psychological Science. 20(108), 2343-2358. doi:10.52547/JPS.20.108.2343. 41. Pines AM, Nunes R. The relationship between career& couple burnout: Implications for career & couple counseling. Journal of Employment Counseling. 2003; 740(2), 50-64. 42. Rakhshany P, Shahabizadeh F, Alizadeh HA. Model of Couple Burnout about the Multi-Dimensional Pattern of Connection with God and Thought and Language Controls. Studies in Islam and Psychology, 2016; 10(19): 7-30. doi: 10.30471/psy.2016.1081. 43. Adlparvar E, Safaeirad I, Erfani N, Jadidi H. Development of a Causal Model of Marital Conflict based on Attachment Styles with the Mediating Role of Disconnection/Rejection and Impaired Autonomy/Performance Schemas in Women on the Verge of Divorce. Journal of Applied Family Therapy, 2021; 2(2): 173-189. doi: 10.22034/aftj 2021.290623.1115. 44. Afshari Z, Mootabi F, Panaghi L. The mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between attachment styles and marital satisfaction. Iranian Journal of Family Psychology. 2021; 2(1), 59-70. https://www.ijfpjournal.ir/article_245505.html?lang=en. 45. Malm EK, Oti-Boadi M, Adom-Boakye NA, Andah A. Marital Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction Among Ghanaians. Journal of Family. 2022. 44(1): 14-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X221126752. 46. Brandão T, Matias M, Ferreira T, Vieira J, Schulz MS, Matos PM. Attachment, emotion regulation, and well-being in couples: Intrapersonal and interpersonal associations. J Pers. 2020 Aug; 88(4):748-761. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12523. Epub 2019 Nov 15. PMID: 31674659; PMCID: PMC7383855.