بررسی تأثیر باکتری آزوسپیریلوم و هورمون جيبرلين بر روی خصوصیات مورفولوژيك، اجزای عملکرد و عملكرد ذرت رقم 370
الموضوعات :تورج میرمحمودی 1 , حجت فرضي پور 2
1 - هیات علمی واحد مهاباد
2 - - دانش آموخته گروه كشاورزي – زراعت، واحد مهاباد ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي ، مهاباد، ايران
الکلمات المفتاحية: آزوسپريليوم, جيبرلين, عملكرد دانه, ذرت,
ملخص المقالة :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر باکتری آزوسپیریلوم و هورمون جيبرلين بر روی خصوصیات مورفولوژيك، اجزای عملکرد و عملكرد ذرت رقم 370، آزمایشی در سال 1392 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی شهرستان میاندوآب واقع در روستای یقنیعلی تپه اجرا شد. فاکتور های آزمایشی شامل كاربرد باکتری آزوسپیریلوم (شاهد، به صورت بذرمال و و به صورت مخلوط با خاك) و كاربرد هورمون جيبرلين در سه سطح (شاهد، 100 میلی گرم بر لیتر،200میلی گرم بر لیتر) بود كه به صورت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح بلوك هاي كامل تصادفي در سه تكرار به اجرا درآمد. تجزيه واريانس داده¬ها نشان داد اثر تيمار آزوسپريليوم بر روي كليه صفات مورد مطالعه به جز وزن خشك برگ معني دار بود. بين سطوح مختلف هورمون جيبرلين از لحاظ اثر بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، طول بلال، تعداد رديف در بلال، وزن خشك برگ، تعداد دانه در رديف، عملكرد بيولوژيك و عملكرد دانه اختلاف معني داري مشاهده شد همچنين اثر متقابل تيمار آزوسپريليوم و هورمون جيبرلين بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، طول بلال، وزن خشك ساقه، تعداد دانه در رديف، وزن هزار دانه، عملكرد بيولوژيك و عملكرد دانه معني دار بود. مقايسه ميانگين تيمارهاي آزوسپريليوم نشان داد كاربرد آزوسپريليوم به صورت مخلوط با خاك عملكرد دانه را در مقايسه با سطح شاهد 27/13 درصد افزايش داد. در بين سطوح جيبرلين سطح 200 ميلي گرم در ليتر، در مقايسه با سطح شاهد عملكرد دانه را 60/16درصد افزايش داد. در بين تيمار تركيبي آزوسپريليوم به صورت مخلوط با خاك و 200 ميلي گرم در ليتر هورمون جيبرلين در مقايسه با ديگر سطوح تركيبي از نظر ارتفاع بوته، طول بلال، تعداد رديف در بلال، تعداد دانه در رديف، وزن هزار دانه، عملكرد بيولوژيك و عملكرد دانه بالاتري برخوردار بود. در نهايت صفت عملكرد دانه در اين مطالعه با صفات ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، وزن بلال، طول بلال، تعداد رديف بلال، وزن خشك برگ، تعداد دانه در رديف و وزن هزار دانه همبستگي مثبت و معني داري نشان داد.
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Ahmadi, A., P. Ahsanzade, and F. Jabari. 2004. Introduction to Plant Physiology, Vol. Page 653 Tehran University.
Andrey, A., V. Belimov, and V. Vitaley, B. Stepanek. 2001. Characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isoluted frem polluted soils and containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase. Can. J. Microbia 47: 642-652.
Azarnia, M., And H. Esavnd. 2013. Effect of hormonal priming hydropriming on yield and yield components of chickpea production in rainfed and irrigated crops Journal, 6 (4): 18-1(In Persian)..
Brussard, L., R. Ferrera, and R. Cenato. 1997.Soil ecology in sustainable agricultural systems. New York: Lewis publishers, U.S.A. 168P
Cakmakci, R. M. F. Donmez, and U. Erdogan. 2007. The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on barley seedling growth, Nutrient uptake, some soil properties, and bacterial counts. Turk J. agric. 31: 189-199.
Faghi nabi, F. 2007. Effect of seed treatments on yield, yield components, morphological and physiological traits in safflower. MSc thesis, Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, 110 pages.
Gianfagnd, T. J. 1997. Natural and synthetic growth regulators and their use in horticulture and agronomic crops. In: plant hormones and their role in plant growth and development eds. By P.J. Davies. Kluwer Academic pub. 614-635.
Herman, M. A. B. , Nault, B. A. and Smart, C. D. 2008. Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Bell Pepper Production and Green Peach Aphid Infestation in New York. Crop Protection. 27: 996-1002.
Kader, M., M.H. Main, M.S. Hoque, 2002. Effects of Azetobacter inoculant on the yield and nitrogen uptake by wheat. J. Biological. Sci. 4: 259-261.
Keshavarzi, M., S. Jafarihaghighi, and A. Bagheri. 2012. The effect of auxin and gibberellin on yield and quality of forage maize. Journal of Plant Acophisiologi. Fifth year. No. 15. Page 45-26 (In Persian).
Khaleghi, Z., Z. Yar Mahmoodi, G.H. Noor Mohammad, and M. R. Ardekani. 2011. Effects of hormonal treatments on the growth of maize seed and application of phosphorus-releasing bacteria in phosphorus and drought stress conditions. Crop production under conditions of environmental stress, the third year, numbers 3 and 4, pages 46-32.
Kumar, R. N. , V. Thiramalai Arasu, and P. Gunasekaran. 2002. Genotyping of Antifungal Compounds Producing Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens. Cur. Sci. 82: 12-25.
Kuroha, T., H. Tokunaga, M. Kojima, N. Ueda, T. Ishida, S. Nagawa, H. Fukuda, K. Sugimoto, H. Sakakibara. 2009. Functional analyses of LONELY GUY cytokinin-activating enzymes reveal the importance of the direct activation pathway in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell. 21: 3152–3169.
Moniruzzman, M. 2000. Effect of cycocel (ccc) on the growth and yield manipulations of vegetable soybean. ARG Traininy. Kasetsart university kamphaen sean. Nakhon phathom, Thailand. pp: 1-16.
Moradi, M., A. A. Siadat, K. Kazazi, R. Naseri, A. Maleki, and A. Mirzaei. 2011. Effect of application of bio-fertilizers andphosphorus fertilizers on qualitative and quantitative traits offspring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Crop and Weed Ecophysiology. 5(18): 51-66. (In Persian).
Nabila Zaki M., M.S. Hassanein Karima, and M. Gamal EL-Din. 2007. Growth and yield of wheat cultivars irrigated with saline water in newly cultivated land as affected by biofertilization. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 3(10): 1121-1126.
Porqhorban, M. A.S. 2010 . Effect of inoculation with plant growth promoting bacteria (Pseudomonas, Azotobacter and Azospirillum) on nutrient uptake, yield and yield components of maize SC 704 in Astara, Agriculture MS Thesis, University of Mianeh (In Persian).
Soleimani Fard, A. S., N. Rudd, E. Nazareth, and A. Piri. 2012. Effect of PGPR on phenology, yield and yield components of maize hybrids (Zea mays L. ). Journal of Eco-physiology of plants, Volume VII, No. 1 (25). 90-71 (In Persian).
Tilak, K. V. B. R. and G. Singh. 2002. Azospirillum Biofertilizer for Rainfed Crops. PP: 65-73. In: Biothecnology of Bioferilizers. Ed. , Kannayan, S. , Narosa Publishing House. New Delhi. India.
Yazdani, M., M. A. Bahmanyar, H. Pirdashti, M. A. Esmaili. 2009. Effect of phosphate solubilization microorganisms and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components of corn. International Journal of Biological and Life Sciences. 1: 2.
Zahir, A. Z., M. Arshad and W.F. Frankenberger. 2004. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Adv. Agron. 81: 97-168.
