مقایسه شدت بيماري¬زايي جدايه¬هاي Botrytis cinerea جمع¬آوري شده از ميزبان-هاي سبزي و صيفي در منطقه ورامين و مقاومت آنها به قارچ¬کش¬های متداول
الموضوعات :
1 -
2 - هیات علمی گروه گیاه پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران
الکلمات المفتاحية: کپك خاکسترى, مورفولوژى, مقاومت سموم,
ملخص المقالة :
بيمارى كپك خاكسـترى با عامل قارچی Botrytis cinerea (tel: Botryotinia fuckeliana)، در قسـمت انتهايي دم ميوه (دمگاه) گیاهان سبزی و صیفی رشـد ميكند. عامل بيمارى به صـورت (اسـكلروت) در خاك، ميسـليوم در بقاياى آلوده گياهي و همچنين بهصـورت اسـپورهاى غير جنسـي در هوا بقاء خود را حفظ ميكند. اين قارچ پليفاژ در محصـولات سـبزى و صـيفي گلخانه ای مانند گوجهفرنگي، فلفل، خيار و بادمجان تحت شـرايط هواى خنك و مرطوب بيمارى ايجاد ميكند. در اين پژوهش، نمونهبردارى طی سالهاى 94-١٣٩3 از گلخانههاى منطقه ورامين انجام و شناسايي قارچ Botrytis cinerea در محيط كشت اختصاصي BSM صـورت گرفت. به منظور بررسي مورفولوژى قارچ، سـاختار پرگنه، شـكل كنيدى، تيپ ريسـه‌ها و اسـپور و اسـكلروت مطالعه شد. تنوع پراكندگي اين قارچ در سـطح كلنيها در محيط كشـت و اثرات مقاومت به سه سـم بنومیل، كاربندازيم و فنهگزاميد با ايجاد گروه‌هاى مختلف قارچ B. cinerea بررسی گردید. همبستگی داده‌هاى بهدسـت آمده در نرم افزار SPSS مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفت. نتايج آناليز داده‌ها نشــان داد كه اين قارچ داراى تنوع مورفولوژى و مقاومتي قابل ملاحظهای در شهرستان ورامین است كه در تولید ارقام سبزى و صيفي مقاوم نسـبت به بيمارى پوسـيدگي خاكسـترى و همچنين ارزيابي ميزان تنوع موجود در مورفولوژى قارچ و خصوصيات بيماريزايي اين قارچ در نواحي ورامين و مناطق مشابه با جغرافياي منطقه ورامين استفاده خواهد شد.
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