Photonic Crystal Resonators in Designing Optical Decoders

الموضوعات : فصلنامه نانوساختارهای اپتوالکترونیکی

Mohammad Javad Maleki ¹ , Mohammad Soroosh ² , Gholamreza Akbarizadeh ³ , Fariborz Parandin ⁴ , Fatemeh Haddadan ⁵

1 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
4 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
5 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

تاريخ الإرسال : 14 الثلاثاء , محرم, 1445 تاريخ التأكيد : 26 الجمعة , ربيع الثاني, 1445 تاريخ الإصدار : 17 الأربعاء , ربيع الثاني, 1445

الکلمات المفتاحية: Photonic Crystal, Photonic Bandgap, optical decoder, Optical Kerr effect, Resonator,

ملخص المقالة :

Abstract
New design in photonic crystal structures has provided a great opportunity to employ optical decoders with high contrast ratio and low response time. Based on the last published articles, photonic crystal-based decoders result in a contrast ratio higher than 20 dB and a response time of 200 fs which is proper to use in optical circuits. Changing the path of a signal may occur with the help of a resonator in the form of a cavity or ring. Dropping a signal at a wavelength makes a possible to direct it toward the desired path. We present an introduction to the decoding operation and its advantages in different applications, followed by an explanation of the excellent features of photonic crystals including forbidden bandgap and the optical Kerr effect. Furthermore, we discuss the key role of the resonance phenomenon in photonic crystal structures. Then, we investigate the valuable designs in approaching the decoding. It has been tried to present an algorithm to design photonic crystal-based decoders which is so needed for research. 

المصادر:

1. J. Maleki, M. Soroosh, and G. Akbarizadeh. A subwavelength graphene surface plasmon polariton-based decoder. Diamond and Related Materials., 134 (April. 2023) 109780. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2023.109780


2. Pakrai, M. Soroosh, and J. Ganji. Designing of all-optical subtractor via PC-based resonators. Journal of Optoelectronical Nanostructures., 7(2) (2022) 21-36. Available: https://doi.org/10.30495/JOPN.2022.29545.1246


3. Soroosh, A. Mirali, E. Farshidi. Ultra-Fast All-Optical Half Subtractor Based on Photonic Crystal Ring Resonators. Journal of Optoelectronical Nanostructures., 5(1) (2020) 83-100. Available: https://dorl.net/dor /20.1001.1.24237361.2020.5.1.6.1   


4. M.H. Jalali, M. Soroosh, G. Akbarizadeh. Ultra-fast 1-bit comparator using nonlinear photonic crystal based ring resonators. Journal of Optoelectronical Nanostructures., 4(3) (2019) 59-72. Available: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.24237361.2019.4.3.5.7


5. Elyasi and S. Javahernia. All optical digital multiplexer using nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators. Journal of Optoelectronical Nanostructures., 7(1) (2022) 97-106. Available: https://doi.org/10.30495/jopn.2022.29174.1242


6. Khatib and M. Shahi. Ultra-Fast All-Optical Symmetry 4×2 Encoder Based on Interface Effect in 2D Photonic Crystal. Journal of Optoelectronical Nanostructures., 5(3) (2020) 103-114. Available: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.24237361.2020.5.3.7.6  


7. Morris Mano, and M. Ciletti. Digital Design: With an Introduction to the Verilog HDL, VHDL, and System Verilog. 6th ed. Pearson., 2017.


8. D. Joannopoulos, R. D. Meade, S. G. Johnson, and N. Joshua. Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light. 2nd ed. Kindle., 2011.


9. E. A. Saleh, and M. C. Teich. Fundamentals of Photonics. 3rd ed. Wiley., 2019.


10. J. Maleki, M. Soroosh, and A. Mir. Improving the Performance of 2-To-4 Optical Decoders Based on Photonic Crystal Structures. Crystals., 9(12) (2019) 635. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst9120635


11. J. Maleki, and M. Soroosh. A novel proposal for performance improvement in two-dimensional photonic crystal-based 2-to-4 decoders. Laser Physics., 30(7) (June. 2020) 076203-076209. Available: https://doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/ab9089


12. J. Maleki, M. Soroosh, and A. Mir. Ultra-fast all-optical 2-to-4 decoder based on a photonic crystal structure. Applied Optics., 59(18) (2020) 5422-5428. Available: https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.392933


13. J. Maleki, M. Soroosh, and G. Akbarizadeh. A compact high-performance decoder using the resonant cavities in photonic crystal structure. Opt Quant Electron., 55 (July. 2023) 852. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05139-3


14. Daghooghi, M. Soroosh, and K. Ansari-Asl. A novel proposal for all-optical decoder based on photonic crystals. Photonic Network Communications, 35(3) (2018) 335-341. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-017-0746-4


15. Daghooghi, M. Soroosh, and K. Ansari-Asl. A Low-Power All Optical Decoder Based on Photonic Crystal Nonlinear Ring Resonators. Optik., 174 (December. 2018) 400-408. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.08.090


16. Daghooghi, M. Soroosh, and K. Ansari-Asl. Ultra-fast all-optical decoder based on nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators. Applied Optics., 57(9) (Mar. 2018) 2250-2257. Available: https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.002250


17. Nayyeri Raad, H. Saghaei, and Y.S. Mehrabani. An optical 2-to-4 decoder based on photonic crystal X-shaped resonators covered by graphene shells. Optical and Quantum Electronics., 55 (March. 2023) 452. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04727-7


18. Naghizade, A. Didari-Bader, and H. Saghaei. Ultra-fast tunable optoelectronic 2-to-4 binary decoder using graphene-coated silica rods in photonic crystal ring resonators. Optical and Quantum Electronics., 54 (September. 2022) 767. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04157-x


19. T. Daghooghi, M. Soroosh, and K. Ansari-Asl. Slow light in ultracompact photonic crystal decoder. Applied Optics., 58 (8) (2019) 2050–2057. Available: https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.002050