بررسی رابطه میان سرمایه اجتماعی و احساس امنیت زنان در شهر تهران

الموضوعات : فصلنامه زن و جامعه

علیرضا صنعت خواه ¹

1 - استادیار و عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم اجتماعی،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرمان، ایران

تاريخ الإرسال : 23 الثلاثاء , ربيع الثاني, 1437 تاريخ التأكيد : 23 الثلاثاء , ربيع الثاني, 1437 تاريخ الإصدار : 11 الخميس , ربيع الثاني, 1437

الکلمات المفتاحية: &quot, سرمایه اجتماعی&quot, , "مشارکت", "اعتماد", "احساس امنیت",

ملخص المقالة :

امنیت یکی از ضروریات زندگی انسان در جامعه می­باشد. زنان نیز به علت موقعیت ویژه اجتماعی و فیزیولوژیکی به شدت زندگی اجتماعیشان وابسته به احساس امنیت ایشان است. تحقیقی که پیش رو است در تلاش است تا تحلیلی از رابطه سرمایه اجتماعی و احساس امنیت اجتماعی را در زنان  را ارائه دهد. در این راستا تحقیق با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری تلفیقی خوشه­ای و طبقه بندی شده بر اساس سن و جنس در شهر تهران و براساس مناطق 22گانه شهرداری، تدوین یافته است. نمونه تحقیق در حدود 2000 نفر بوده است که 903 نفر را زنان تشکیل داده­اند و در این مقاله اطلاعات مربوط به زنان مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است و تحلیل اطلاعات توسط نرم افزارهای آماری spss 19، amoss 17 ، همراه بوده است. در این تحقیق سطوح اعتماد و مشارکت در دو سطح درون و برون گروهی مورد سنجش قرار گرفته است. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از آن است که  اعتماد نهادی بیش­ترین تاثیر مستقیم (286/0) را براحساس امنیت زنان دارد و پس از آن متغیرهای مشارکت سیاسی و اعتماد عمومی به ترتیب تاثیراتی در حدود (174/0) و (145/0) را بر احساس امنیت دارند. در این تحقیق سطوح مشارکت در ابعاد (مدنی،خیریه ای، مذهبی) نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است که تاثیر مستقیم هیچ کدام بر احساس امنیت زنان معنادار نمی باشد.

المصادر:

1. Ahmadi, Habib and others (2013) examined the relationship between media consumption and fear of crime, urban  sociological studies,year of 3, number Seventh, summer,Persian


2. Almasi far, Nina et all, (2010). "analysis of  environment security in regional parks as part of urban spaces from the perspective of women based approach(CPTED )Case Study: saei  Park), Urban Management, No. 25, Summer, pp.21-34 ,Persian


3. Arizi, F  et al (2012). "The relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of women feeling of security in public places in the city of Bandar Abbas, Urban Studies, year 2, No4, Fall, pp.
   91-110, Persian


4. Behyan, Shapur, Firoozabadi, A. (2013) investigate the factors influence  of social security in cities (case study: Kerman), urban sociological studies (urban studies), Volume 3, No. 6; Spring, pp.
   122-103, Persian


5. Bidokhti A. Amin, N. Sharifi (2013) The role of social capital structures intervention in the relationship between religion and social security, strategic studies of social order and security , Volume 1, Number 3, Fall,p 13-38,Persian


6. Bourdieu, P. (1986) The Forms of Capital inBaron, S. Field, J. Schuller, T. (eds.) (2000) Social Capital - Critical Perspectives. Oxford University Press.


7. Bursik, R. J., & Grasmick, H. G. (1993). Neighborhoods and Crime: The Dimensions of Effective Community Control. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.


8. Burt, R. S. 2001 Structural Holes Versus Network Closure as Social Capital.” In Social Capital: Theory and Research. Ed. N.Lin,K.Cook, and R. S.Burt. New York: Aldine De Gruyter. Pp. 31–56.


9. Coleman and Hoffer (1987) "High School and Beyond" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_capital


10. Fukuyama, F. (1995) Trust: the social virtues and the creation of prosperity, Hamish Hamilton, London.


11. Fukuyama, F. (2001) Social Capital, Civil Society and Development, Third World Quarterly, 22, 1, 7-20.


12. Ghasemi, V et all (2011) explain the sociological impact of religion on bonding social capital (case study Esfahan city), Applied Sociology (Journal of Human Sciences of Esfahan university): Volume 22, Number 2 (s 42); Summer, pp. 21-46,Persian


13. Haqhiqhatyan, M. (2014) Women's sense of security and some influencing factors ,urban sociological studies (urban studies): Spring, Vol. 4, No. 10, pp.71-53,Persian


14. Haqhiqhatyan, Mansour and others (2012) examine the relationship between social capital (based on the separation of  bonding ,bridging and linking social capital) and a sense of security in Tehran, sociology of youth, Volume 3, No. 6,: summer, p. 37-5. ,Persian


15. Hashemian Far ,Ali et all (2011) sociological study of social security in the city of esfahan, strategic research Strategy Journal of security and  social order,: year 1, Number 3, Fall, pp. 39-62 ,Persian


16. Hassanzadeh Samarin, T, Hemati Gilani ,M and others (2012) investigated the relationship between social capital and social security (staff of Golestan Province), strategic research of security and social order,Volume 3, Number 1, spring and summer, p17-36,Persian


17. Hill, K. G., Howell, J. C., Hawkins, J. D., & Battin-Pearson, S. R. (1999). Childhood risk factors for adolescent gangmembership: Results from the Seattle Social Development Project. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 36, 300–322.


18. Kirk, D. S. (2009). Unraveling the contextual effects on student suspension and juvenile arrest: The independent and interdependent influences of school, neighborhood,and family social controls. Criminology, 47, 479–520.


19. McCluskey, C. P., Patchin, J. W., & Bynum, T. S. (2004). Reducing chronic absenteeism: An assessment of an early truancy initiative. Crime & Delinquency, 50, 214–234.


20. Mears, Daniel,. Stewart ,Eric A(2010) Interracial contact and fear of crime,Journal of Criminal Justice 38, p 34–41


21. Meshkati, M. and Mishkat, z, (2002) The effect of internal and external factors  of  Family on delinquency, Association of Sociology, Volume 4, Number 2, Persian


22. Messner, S. F., & Tardiff, K. (1986). Economic inequality and levels of homicide: An analysis of urban neighborhoods. Criminology, 24, 297–315.


23. Moeinadini, Jawad,et all (2013)  bonding Social capital and  influencing factors among residents of the city of Kerman, sociological studies of urban (urban studies), Volume 3, No. 6; Spring, pp. 57-80,Persian


24. Mohseni Tabrizi A, Gharamani S, Yahak S (2011) Indefensible urban spaces and violence (Study on indefensible urban spaces of Tehran city) . jas. 2012; 22 (4) :51-70 ,Persian


25. Mohseni Tabrizi, A. (2004), Vandalism, Tehran: sanjesh publisher. ,Persian.


26. noruzi, Faizollah  (2009) study of women social security and social factors affecting on it,case study of wemen of 29-15  years old  in city of Tehran, Strategy Journal of security and  social order, year. 18, No. 53, Winter, pp. 129-159, Persian


27. Portes, A. (1998)  Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology Annual Review of Sociology (24)1-24.


28. Putnam, R. (2000)  Bowling Alone - The Collapse and Revival of American Community NewYork: Simon & Schuster.


29. Razvi tossi, Syed mojtabah, saei, Mohammad Hossein (2011). "feeling of insecurity of Iranians citizenship whit emphasis on on recent news of violence, cultural studies - Communications, year 12, No. 16, Winter ,pp.83-127, Persian


30. Rezwan Ali, M. Fathi, (2012), "analysis of Factors associated with insecurity in urban neighborhoods, Journal of Social Welfare, year of 45, No. 45, pp. 387-410 ,Persian


31. Sampson, R. J., & Groves, W. B. (1989). Community structure and crime: Testing social-disorganization theory. The American Journal of Sociology, 94, 774–802.


32. Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime:A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277, 918–924.


33. setodeh, Hidayatu'llah (2003) social pathology, sixteenth edition, Tehran: avaye noor, p149-130,Persian


34. Shams, GH and others (2013) "The impact of leadership components based on security staff peace on  agents feeling of security  , the role of mediator effectiveness of leadership, Modern Educational Thought, Volume 4, , Winter, pp. 33-53 ,Persian


35. Swatt ,a Marc L,, Varano , Sean P (2013) Fear of crime, incivilities, and collective efficacy in four Miami neighborhoods, Journal of Criminal Justice 41 ,p 1–11


36. Warner, B. D. (2007). Directly intervene or call the authorities? A study of forms of neighborhood social control within a social disorganization framework. Criminology,45, 99–129.


37. Woolcock, M. (2001) The Place of Social Capital in understanding Social and Economic Outcomes, Isuma: Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2, 1, 1-17.


38. Wyant, B. R. (2008). Multilevel impacts of perceived incivilities and perceptions of crime risk on fear of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 45, 39–64.


39. Yari,hamed et all (2012) examine the relationship between social security and trust among citizens (city of Kermanshah), strategic research Strategy Journal of security and  social order, Volume 1, Number 4, Winter, pp. 39-58,persian


40. Yarmohammad Touski ,Maryam, Hajabolhasani, Hannaneh, Rahimizadeh, Payam, Jafari, Noushin(2012) Assessing social elements influencing to social security feeling among 16-30 year old women in Iran (case study in Tehran 2012) , 2nd International Conference on Humanities, Geography and Economics (ICHGE'2012) Singapore ,page 28-29, April