عوامل اقتصادی و جمعیت شناختی موثر بر مشارکت اقتصادی زنان روستایی در استان‏های ایران با تاکید بر منحنی سن- مشارکت

الموضوعات : فصلنامه زن و جامعه

زهرا میلا علمی ¹ (استاد/دانشگاه مازندران)
مهسا خانه کشی ² (دانش آموخته دانشگاه مازندران)

تاريخ الإرسال : 26 الجمعة , شوال, 1443 تاريخ التأكيد : 15 الإثنين , رجب, 1444 تاريخ الإصدار : 01 الجمعة , شوال, 1444

الکلمات المفتاحية: آموزش زنان, مشارکت اقتصادی زنان روستایی, روش داده‌های شبه تابلویی, منحنی سن- مشارکت اقتصادی, داده‏های استانی ایران,

ملخص المقالة :

این مطالعه بررسی اثر عوامل اقتصادی- اجتماعی بر وضعیت فعالیت اقتصادی زنان در مناطق روستایی استان‌های ایران با تاکید بر آموزش و منحنی سن-مشارکت مورد توجه قرار گرفت. از این رو، این پژوهش با استفاده از ریزداده‌های طرح هزینه و درآمد خانوار روستایی در چارچوب داده‌های شبه تابلویی انجام‌گرفت. نتایج حاصل از به‌کارگیری مدل لاجیت و روش حداکثر درستنمایی برای مطالعۀ عوامل موثر بر احتمال مشارکت زنان روستایی، با نمونه‏ای شامل ۲۸۲۶۵ زن روستایی، نشان دهندۀ رابطه‌ای به ‌صورت U وارونه بین سن و احتمال مشارکت زنان بوده‏است؛ به عبارتی، احتمال ورود زنان جوان در گروه سنی 34-25 سال به بازار کار، بیش از سایر گروه‏های سنی بوده‌است. مطلقه، بیوه یا مجرد بودن زن، در مقایسه با متأهل بودن او، بر مشارکت زنان روستایی تاثیر مثبت دارد. بنابراین، با توجه به افزایش نرخ طلاق و نرخ تجرد در ایران، سیاست‏گذار اقتصادی باید به دنبال چاره‏اندیشی و ارائه راه‏کار مناسب در سال‌های پیش‏رو باشد. محصل بودن زنان و حضور فرزند زیر 6 سال در خانوار، بر احتمال مشارکت زنان در بازار کار اثر منفی دارد درحالی‏که اثر سطح آموزش بر مشارکت زنان U شکل است که نشان از دوگانگی بازار کار زنان در اقتصاد ایران دارد. در یک نگاه کلی، با در نظر گرفتن آیینه جمعیتی و فراوانی جمعیت زنان در سنین حدود 35-25 سال، تمایل بیشتر به مشارکت در گروه‌های سنی 34-25 و 44-35 سال و اشتغال بخش قابل توجهی از جمعیت زنان روستایی به تحصیل، در سال‏های پیش‏رو، افزایش مشارکت زنان روستایی در بازار کار، دور از ذهن نیست.

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